剑桥商务英语阅读理解专项练习(11)
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剑桥商务英语阅读理解专项练习（11）
1 the failure of a company to set its prices appropriately
2 a context that makes it difficult to increase prices
3 the consequences of companies trying to conceal their approach
to pricing
4 the means by which a company ensured precision in the prices it offered
5 the fact that companies can learn about the effects of a price reduction
6 the first sector to price products according to how much customers were prepared to spend
7 the widespread use of rough guidelines to determine prices
Getting the price right
A、
Chief executives need to pay more attention to pricing, according to Roberto Lippi of the Apex Group, a consultancy that offers advice on pricing strategy. He accepts that low inflation figures in many industrialised countries makes raising prices tough, but argues that this should not necessarily deter companies. He gives the example of the airlines, which, with their minimum stay requirements and massive premiums for flexibility, led the way in sorting customers into categories, based on their willingness to pay.
B、
The key to pricing is to avoid alienating customers. As Lippi points out, once a bad price has been established, it can be very difficult
to turn the situation around. He gives the example of a consumer goods company that went bankrupt largely because it did not price its digital cameras properly. In contrast, he cites the case of a Swiss drug company that introduced software for every sales representative's laptop, enabling them to provide consistent and accurate price quotes. To help staff with this innovation, the company also created a new post of director of pricing strategy.
C、
Many of today's managers have the benefit of modern technology to help them with pricing. Supermarket chains, for example, can easily track customers' 'elasticity' - how their buying habits change in response
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to a price rise or a discount. But although a company can now measure this sort of thing in a more sophisticated way, following basic rules is still the most common way of setting prices. Most bosses still worry more about their costs than the prices they charge; one recent survey found that they spend as little as 2% of their time on pricing.
D、https://www.360docs.net/doc/cf5378744.html,
One popular approach to pricing is illustrated by the car companies that charge extra for product add-ons such as electric windows, instead of offering them as part of the standard price. Although many customers are prepared to pay extra, Lippi recommends that companies make sure that price differences reflect real differences in the product, either in quality or in the extra service on offer. The worst approach is to try to keep the pricing structure secret from customers. Nowadays, that is more likely to lead to lost contracts than large profits.
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阅读下面的文字,完成7~10题。 前景诱人的空气发电技术 人们将风力视为最洁净的发电技术之一，但是就风力发电而言，也有它的不足：在风力微弱的情况下，风车翼片无外力推动，就会静止不动，无法发出电能；另外，如果联网的风车群有部分不工作，只有几台运转就可能出现过载现象。可是，通常电只能是发多少，消耗多少，无法存储。虽然有一些存储方法，但成本昂贵，难以普及。 深夜，居民和企业用电均处于低峰，如果是核电站或热力电站，便可以将水压缩进位于高处的储水站。当需要用电时将水排出，推动涡轮发电机发电。那么，风力发电能否也像别的发电方式那样，将空气存储起来，到需要时再使用呢？目前，德国技术人员找到了一种存储空气的新方法，即在地下建一座大型储气站，用空气压缩机将空气压缩，进行存储。需要时打开阀门，由高压空气推动涡轮机发电。空气排放前，如果再用燃气加热，效率将更高。 早在1978年，德国下萨克森州就建成了世界上第一座空气发电站，两个位于地下658米和800米的储气站是两个废弃的盐矿矿井。这两个储气站的储气量为31万立方米，最大承受力为70巴，足够供功率290兆的发电机组工作3小时。除此以外，在美国阿拉巴马州也有一个类似的电站，据说美国将要对其进行改造，并将建造一系列新型空气发电站。 目前，能源专家对空气发电前景看好，该技术除了能作为应急电站外，也是一种洁净能源的获取办法。如果将其与风力发电机组合使用，它将开辟了一条全新的提供能源的新途径。一个风力发电机群加上压缩空气电站，无论从技术、还是从经济角度看，均可以与油、燃气、煤或核能一比高下。如我国的内蒙地区，风力资源丰富，建造风力发电机群，加上空气电站，将有取之不尽的能源。 为保证能提供充足的电能，一般在设计风力发电站时需考虑各种因素，如，建造一个50兆瓦的电站，并不是说由50台1兆瓦的风力发电机简单并联，这只是指在最佳风源的情况下能够实现，但如果风速降低，其功率可能只能达到25兆瓦，因此，建造时需要安装100台风力发电机，这样，即使在风速较低时仍能提供足够的电能。风速高时，同时工作会出现电力过剩情况，这时就可以将空气压缩进地下储气站，到需要时再放出。 空气发电技术现在还少有人问津，原因是目前矿物能源的价格太低，以致人们还无需去考虑。一旦矿物能源耗尽，政府对二氧化碳排放标准严加限制，对洁净能源的需求就会骤然而升。当然，空气发电也并非是零排放，但与热力发电相比，仅是它的二十分之一，每度电的二氧化碳排放量为10至15克。如果该技术能投入使用，那么它将是生态能源领域的一项新突破。 7．下列各项对“空气发电”的有关阐述，不正确的一项是（） A．空气发电就是把空气压缩，进行存储，到需要时再使用的一种发电技术。 B．空气在排放前，用燃气加热，效率将更高。 C．空气发电技术虽然已在某些国家得到了开发和利用,但现在仍然少有人问津。 D．空气发电是最洁净的发电技术之一，没有任何污染。 8．下列不属于设计风力发电站时考虑因素的一项是（） A．建造一个50兆瓦的电站，在最佳风源的情况下，需要50台1兆瓦的并联的风力发电机。 B．建造一个50兆瓦的电站，需要安装100台1兆瓦的风力发电机。 C．建造地下储气站，是为了防止风速过高时出现电力过剩的现象。 D．建造风力发电站要考虑风速的高低，以保证提供充足的电能。 9．下列叙述不符合文意的一项是（） A．风力发电和空气发电一样，都是利用空气发电。 B．空气发电前景虽然看好，但它目前只能作为应急电站。 C．一旦矿物能源耗尽，空气发电就会成为人们的首选。 D．空气发电技术已经被人们掌握，但由于其发电成本高，现在难以普及。 10．根据原文提供的信息，以下推断不正确的一项是（） A．核电站或热力电站采用将水压缩进位于高处的储水站，来调节发电量。 B．在德国和美国已经并网发电的空气电站，从经济角度看非常合算。 C．如果空气发电与风力发电组合使用，从经济角度看与热力发电不相上下。 D．空气发电技术的普及使用，对环境保护将会起很好的作用。 （一）科技说明文阅读理解解题技巧 ①科技说明文阅读理解近年来题型比较稳定，一般为四道选择题，但不排除类似北京05春招题的主观题形式。 ②选材去年为自然科学类的材料，今年有可能选社科论文。 详解：
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.