考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2001年part3
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2001年part3
Part Three
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates （patterns）into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
9．What is the passage mainly about?
［A］needs of the readers all over the world
［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry
［D］aims of a journalism credibility project
10．The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .
［A］quite trustworthy ［B］somewhat contradictory
［C］very illuminating［D］rather superficial
11．The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _________.
［A］working attitude［B］conventional lifestyle
［C］world outlook［D］educational background
12．Despite its efforts, he newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its _______.
［A］failure to realize its real problem ［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters
［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting ［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender
Part 8 （2001） Part 3
重点词汇：
1.journalism （新闻；新闻业）即journal+ism，journal（期刊；日志），-ism后缀。journalism - that with which you may fill the space between advertisements 新闻--用以填充广告与广告之间的空隙的东西。
2.credibility ?（可信性）即cred+ibility，cred词根"相信"（如credit→cred+it→信用），-ibility名词后缀"可......性"（如ability←a+（i）bility）。credibility gap - what happens to the same news between the morning telecast and the evening paper 信用差距--早间电视新闻与晚报之间同一条新闻发生的情况。
3.head-scratching即head+scratch+ing，head头，scratch抓，-ing形容词后缀，"急得直抓头"→为难的。
4.template（模板）可看作templ（e）+ate，temple寺庙，ate吃，当今倾向于素食者日益增多，而temple是ate素的"模板"（template）。
5.conventional（传统的，惯例的）←convention+al
6.newsroom（编辑室；阅览室）←news+room。
7.backbone ?（主干）←back+bone。
8.survey? （v.n.俯瞰；调查）即sur+vey，sur-前缀=super，vey词根"看"，故"从上面看"→俯瞰→引申为"调查"。An informal survey shows that what most people wanted for Christmas was two more weeks to prepare for it.一项非正式调查显示，大多数人圣诞节想要的东西是再给两个星期准备过节。
9.questionnaire （调查表）←question+naire名词后缀表"物"。
10.metropolitan??（大都市的；大都市的人）即metro+polit+an，metro-前缀"母体，大"，同matri-，《黑客帝国》里的电脑"母体"就叫Matrix（即母体这东东太复杂，对任何人来说都是个大的未知数X），polit词根"城市"，-an后缀表"......的"或"......的人"；也可把polit看作polite（有礼貌的），于是"懂礼貌的大地方"→大都市的。
11.upscale（高消费阶层的；质优价高的）←up向上+scale等级。
12.volunteer（志愿的；志愿者v.志愿）←volunt意愿+eer；voluntary（自愿的）←volunt+ary 形容词后缀。Maintain outside interests - volunteer in not-for-profits and stay physically fit.保持业余爱好--自愿做无利可图的事情而保持身体健康。
13.sponsor （v.发起；赞助n.主办者）←spons（e）词根+or后缀；
14.symposium （专题讨论会；专题论文集）即sym+pos+ium，sym-前缀"共同"，pos词根"放"，-ium后缀表"地方"，"把共同的问题放在一起讨论"→专题讨论会，"把共同讨论好的问题放在一起"→专题论文集。
15.bias（v.n.偏见）谐音"白饿死"，古人有骨气者不吃嗟来之食而饿死，后来某些人对此不以为然，认为这是古人的"偏见"，所以是"白饿死"（bias）←白白饿死。
16.gender （性别）可看作gen（e）+der，gene即单词"基因"，der谐音"的"，故"基因的"→"由基因决定的"→性别。
17.contradictory （反驳的；矛盾的；对立物）即contra+dict+ory，contra-前缀"相反"，
dict词根"说"（如dictate→dict+ate动词后缀→口述；命令），-ory后缀；contradict（v.反驳；矛盾）←contra+dict。Assertion is not argument, to contradict the statement of an opponent is not proof that you are correct.坚定的看法不是论据，反驳对手的说法不能证明你是正确的。
18.illuminating（照明的；启发的）即illuminat（e）+ing形容词后缀，illuminate（照明；启发）可看作illumin+ate，illumin谐音"一路明"，-ate动词后缀，"使""一路明"→照明→引申为"启发"。
19.superficial （表面的；肤浅的）即super+fici+al，super-前缀"上面的"，fici看作face"表面"，-al形容词后缀，"表面上的"→肤浅的。To know things well, we must know them in detail; but as that is almost endless, our knowledge is always superficial and imperfect.为了充分认识事物，我们必须详细了解它们，然而那几乎是没有穷尽的，所以我们的知识总是肤浅和不完善的。
20.be known as 称为；
21.alien to 为......所不熟悉；
22.put down roots in 定居；
23.get around to 抽时间做。
难句解析：
① Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
本句主语是this project，谓语是has turned out to be，findings为宾语，mostly low-level 是宾语的定语修饰成分，about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语的补语成分。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want是过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中about what in the world those
readers really want是puzzlement的补语。
要正确理解本句，一定要注意lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want这一部分并不包含在findings里面，而应该是与findings属于同一层次上的东西，换言之，可以把turned out to be后面的表语看成是由两个并列的意思构成的。
②In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
本句的主干是there is a conventional story line...，后面的that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news是定语从句修饰conventional story line。
本句的理解重点在单词的意思：a story line一种写新闻报道的故事主线；newsroom culture 报社文化；backbone本义为"脊柱"，此处是"主干"；otherwise否则。
③There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.
此句的结构和上句非常类似，主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。
alien本义为"异国的"，此处是"相差甚远，背道而驰"。如果考生不了解standard templates 的意思，可以从上下文中找与其有相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的 a story line和backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。
④The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their
readers.
本句的主干是一个not... but结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是inaccuracy和the daily clash。
to be rooted in...根源在于......；另外注意not... but结构中，but后面的部分总是阅读的重点。
⑤If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
it代表上文提到的a troubled business，即"问题重重的新闻界"。now focused narrowly on race and gender是插入语，也是修饰program的定语。本句在would后面有两个并列宾语open up和look for。
此句中含有一个虚拟语气：If it did, it would open up...。另外注意前两个逗号之间是对diversity program（多样化项目）的修饰成分。
试题解析：
9.
Word 是学生和职场人士最常用的一款办公软件之一，99.99%的人知道它，但其实，这个软件背后，还有一大批隐藏技能你不知道。掌握他们，你将开启新世界的大门。
Tab+Enter,在编过号以后，会自动编号段落
Ctrl + D调出字体栏，配合Tab+Enter全键盘操作吧
Ctrl + L 左对齐，Ctrl + R 右对齐，Ctrl + E 居中
Ctrl + F查找，Ctrl + H 替换。然后关于替换，里面又大有学问！
有时候Word文档中有许多多余的空行需要删除，这个时候我们可以完全可以用“查找替换”来轻松解决。打开“编辑”菜单中的“替换”对话框，把光标定位在“查找内容”输入框中，单击“高级”按钮，选择“特殊字符”中的“段落标记”两次，在输入框中会显示“^P^P”，然后在“替换为”输入框中用上面的方法插入一个“段落标记”(一个“^P”)，再按下“全部替换”按钮。这样多余的空行就会被删除。
Ctrl + Z是撤销，那还原呢？就是Ctrl + Y，撤销上一步撤销！
比如我输入abc, 按一下F4, 就会自动再输入一遍abc
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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust. The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated
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考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1999年part1
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2015年英语阅读答案 Part A 21.D ended his reign in embarrassment. 22. C to give voters more public figures to look up to 23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy 24. D fails to adapt himself to his future role. 25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies 26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized. 27.A disapproval 28.A getting into one's residence 29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected 30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution 31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks 32.B marked 33. D set an example for other journals 34. C has room for further improvement 35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers 36. D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism 37. A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句句精析
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考研英语历年真题阅读长难句10０句精析 １.Ｗhｉｌe warningｓaｒe often apprｏｐrｉａte and necｅsｓary —tｈe ｄan ｇｅrs of drug intｅrａcｔions,fｏr example—aｎd many are requirｅｄby sｔａte or fedｅral rｅguｌations,it ｉsn't cleａr that tｈey acｔualｌｙproｔｅｃtｔhe manｕfactｕrｅrｓand sｅllers frｏmｌiabilｉtｙif a cusｔomer ｉｓｉnjurｅd. 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的,然而(我们）并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 【分析】在这个主从复合句中,ｉt isn'ｔcｌear that thｅyａctｕalｌyｐroｔeｃt tｈe ｍanufａcturerｓaｎd ｓｅllers from lｉabｉlity if a customer ｉs inｊured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语ｉt,真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个ｉf 引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成,中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意：ｍａnｙaｒｅrｅquｉrｅｄby sｔaｔe ｏrｆederａl regulaｔions中的many是指mａny warnings。 ２.Aｄdｉtioｎal social stｒesses may ａlso occｕr becａｕsｅoｆthe populａtion eｘpｌoｓion ｏｒproblems aｒiｓiｎｇfrom masｓmigｒaｔｉon mｏvｅｍent ｓ—ｔheｍsｅlves made relａtivｅlｙeasy noｗadａys bｙｍoｄｅｒn mｅans ｏf tr ａｎsporｔ. 【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。 【分析】句子主干结构是Addiｔionａl sｏｃｉal streｓｓｅｓmay also ｏccuｒbecau ｓｅof...简单句+ ｂecause oｆ表示的原因状语,整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则，将主句放在最后；beｃause ｏf后面有两个宾语ｔhe poｐuｌａｔｉon exploｓion orｐroblems；名词ｐroblems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arisｉng from mａss migratioｎｍo ｖｅments; themｓelｖｅs指前面的名词短语ｍａｓs migｒatiｏn movements,后面的过去分词短语是theｍｓelvｅs的定语。 3. Therｅｅxists a sociａl ａnｄcuｌturａｌdisconneｃt betweenｊｏｕｒnａlistsａnd theｉr readers,ｗｈｉcｈhelps eｘplain whｙtｈe “ｓｔandard tempｌa tes” oｆｔhｅnewsroom seem alｉeｎto many ｒｅaders． 【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。 【分析】主句也是一个therｅ加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是whｉch hｅlps exｐlain ｗhyｔhe “standａrd ｔempｌａtes”of the newsｒo ｏm sｅem alien to maｎｙrｅａdｅrs。Alien本义为异国的,此处是相差甚远,背道而驰。如果考生不了解sｔanｄard templateｓ的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的a ｓtoryｌiｎe和baｃkbonｅ,那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。 4. Ｔhis phenｏmenon has crｅaｔed serｉｏｕs conｃerｎs oｖeｒthe rolｅoｆsmａller ｅconomiｃfiｒｍｓ,ｏfｎａtioｎaｌｂuｓiｎessmeｎaｎd ｏver theｕlｔimate stabiliｔy of tｈｅworld ｅconｏmy. 【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。
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2008年考研英语真题阅读出处 有两篇来自The Economist,且都是科技版块的文章 一是完形填空，出处Jun 2nd 2005的文章题目为：The evolution of intelligence Natural geni us? 链接为：https://www.360docs.net/doc/d015677669.html,/science/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=4032638 二是阅读理解第二篇，出处Sep 22nd 2005 题目为：Scientific publishing The paperless librar y. 链接为: https://www.360docs.net/doc/d015677669.html,/science ... fm?story_id=4423646 注：[以上两篇为收费阅读文章] 第一篇阅读理解，出处Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress， 链接为https://www.360docs.net/doc/d015677669.html,/centers/stress/articles/strainofstress/gender.html 第三篇阅读理解，出处Scientific American 的Napoleon's Revenge,链接为 https://www.360docs.net/doc/d015677669.html,/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&colID=5&articleID=000F2759-D3C8-1 C6F-84A9809EC588EF21 第四篇阅读理解，出处U.S. News 的The sorry legacy of the founders 链接为https://www.360docs.net/doc/d015677669.html,/usnews/culture/articles/040112/12slave.htm 翻译题来自：https://www.360docs.net/doc/d015677669.html,/charles-darwin.html 2007年考研英语真题阅读出处 Part A第一篇文章来自The New York Times http:/https://www.360docs.net/doc/d015677669.html,/2006/05/07/magazine/07wwln_freak.html%3fex=1304654400
考研英语阅读复习
知识产权-对专利制度对症下药 ON AUGUST 15th Google bid $12.5 billion for Motorola Mobility, a troubled American maker of mobile phones. If the purchase goes through, it will be Google’s largest ever acquisition, almost doubling the size of its workforce. The attraction for the internet giant is not the handset-maker’s 19,000 employees nor its 11% share of America’s smartphone market, but its portfolio of 17,000 patents, with another 7,500 in the pipeline. This will bolster Google’s puny arsenal of around 2,000 patents, hugely strengthening its position in current and future legal battles with its more heavily armed industry rivals. Having been defeated in a recent auction of patents belonging to Nortel, a defunct Canadian telecoms firm, Google was clearly desperate to win Motorola’s portfolio: its offer valued the company’s shares at a 63% premium over their closing price the previous Friday evening. The basic idea of patents is a good one: an inventor is granted a limited monopoly (20 years, in America and elsewhere) over a technology in return for disclosing the details of its workings, so that others can build upon the invention. Advanced technologies are thus made widely available, rather than remaining trade secrets, spurring further innovation. In some industries, notably pharmaceuticals, it is doubtful that the huge investments needed to develop new products would be made without the prospect of patent protection. In recent years, however, the patent system has been stifling innovation rather than encouraging it. A study in 2008 found that American public companies’ total profits from patents (excluding pharmaceuticals) in 1999 were about $4 billion —but that the associated litigation costs were $14 billion. Such costs are behind the Motorola bid: Google, previously sceptical about patents, is caught up in a tangle of lawsuits relating to smartphones and wants Motorola’s huge portfolio to strengthen its negotiating position. What has gone wrong? The prizing of patent quantity rather than quality—lawyers are said to compare portfolios by measuring the heights of their respective piles —is one cause for concern. A second is the rise in dubious patents, particularly in the fields of software and business methods, that should never have been awarded. This leads to the third: the growing problem of “patent trolls”, or firms that treat patents as lottery tickets and file expensive, time-consuming lawsuits against companies that have supposedly infringed them. A patent-reform act is about to be passed in America, but it has been so watered down that it will fail to make much difference. Three much bolder reforms are needed.