新目标八年级英语上册第9单元知识点-总结

Unit9 Can you come to my party?

话题：Invitations

教学目标：

1. Learn how to make, accept, decline invitation.

2. Talk about obligations with“have to”

3. Talk about the schedule.

教学重难点：情态动词Can的用法

知识点：

1.情态动词can

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成复合谓语，没有人称和数的变化情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) can是一个常见的情态动词

○1含义5点

1)表示能力（如体力和脑力方面），意为“能、会”

Can you speak Chinese?

Can you play basketball?

2)表示请求或者允许，多用在口语中，意为“可以、能”等客观条件的允许。用于疑问句中用来提出要求，用于否定句中表示不允许。

Can you help me?

You can’t play the computer

3)表示可能，理论上的可能

He can be out now.

It can’t bu sunny all the time.

4)表示说话人的猜测、怀疑、不肯定等，主要用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句中，带哟感情色彩。

How can yo be so rude!

Can he be back?

5)could可以作为can的过去式，也可以在提出请求时表示委婉。

He could save the little boy.

Could you help me?

拓展辨析can 与may 4点

1)表示“许可、准许”，此时与can同义，可以互换使用You may/can go to the cinema this evening.

☆注意：表许可时其答语可以用“Yes,you may.”但是由于用may做肯定回答语气显得生硬、严肃，因此

一般用Yes, please. /Certainly. / Of course.这些回答显得热情、客气。拒绝对方时，其答语可以用No, you mustn’t. / No, you can’t. / Sorry, you can’t. / No, please don’t

--May I come in?

--Yes, please

--May I use your ruler?

--Certainly. Here you are.

2)表示可能性时，常用在肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”

He may be very busy now.

He said that she might not be at work today.

3)can和may都可以表示推测。can通常用在否定句和疑问句中，may通常用在肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者都可以用于否定句，但是程度不同，can’t的语气比may not更强。

It can’t be true.

It may not be true.

4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可以译为“祝愿”

May you have a good time.

May you be happy.

练习题

1)—Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?

—I’d love to, but I’m afraid I _______. I have too much work to do.

2) —________ I use your dictionary?

—Of course you can.

3) —________ I know your name?

—Sure. My name is Han Huimei.

4) I don’t understand this sentence. ________ you explain it to me?

5) —That sweater _______ be yours.

—No, it _______ be mine. Mine is over there.

6) Jim left his English book at home. He _______ borrow one from other students.

7)_______ you have a merry Christmas and happy New Year!

8) —May I pick a flower in the garden?

—No, you _______.

2.must与have to 表示义务，即必须或者不得不做的事

表示“必须、一定要”，多强调说话人的主观看法，否定式mustn’t表示“一定不要，禁止”You must see the doctor.

Must you go soon?

对于must开头的一般疑问句，如果要做否定回答，可以用

needn’t, don’t have to，不能用mustn’t

--Must I come over tonight?

--No, you needn’t

表示客观需要时，常用have to, have to 为情态动词词组，第三人称单数为has to.过去式为had to. Have to的疑问句，否定句都要借助于助动词do,does.did来完成。

Eg. He has to stay at home. 他不得不呆在家里。

Why do I have to do everything? 为什么事事都得我来干。

练习题

1)You _______ swim in this part of the lake. It’s dangerous.

2)—________ I tell him the truth right now?

—No, you ________. You can tell him about it later.

3)---Do we mush finish our homework this afternoon?

---Yes, you______.

A.must

B.can

C.may

D.need

4)我不必呆在这里。

___________________________________________________________________________ 5)杰克生病了，他不得不呆在家里。

3.prepare v.做好准备，把……准备好

eg. My mother always prepares a big breakfast for me every morning.

妈妈每天早上总是为我准备一顿丰盛的早餐。

○1为……做准备

prepare for 为……做准备

make preparations for

get ready for……

eg.Their teacher told them to prepare for the coming speech contest.

The smiths are making preparations for this journey.

○2准备去做

prepare to do sth. 准备去做……

get ready to do

Make preparations to do

○3prepare sb. for 使某人为……而准备

We must prepare him for the bad news. 我们必须使他为这个坏消息做好准备。

○4be prepared for/ to do

They are prepared for anything that might happen.

他们已准备好了应对任何可能发生的事情。

○5preparation 准备，准备工作可数名词

○6be in preparation 正在准备中

Her daughter’s wedding is in preparation.

她女儿的婚礼正在准备中。

4.so that 以至于，以便于

Eg.This little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day.

这个小男孩省下每一枚硬币，这样才能在母亲节那天给他的妈妈买份礼物。

1)辨析so that 与so…that

so that 表示目的(多) 表结果

She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.

so…that 表结果

She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her.

2)so that 与in order that 都表示目的后加从句

3)in order to 与so as to 后加动词原形

4)so …that such…that

He is so good a student that we all like him.

= He is such a good student that we all like him.

名前such 形副so 多多少少都用so

5) so…that 后从句用否定

太……而不能too…to 本身有否定

not…enough to do形容词副词置于enough，前用not 表否定

5.by

○1表示时间，意为“不迟于，在……之前”

Please hand in your homework by 6p.m.

请在下午六点前交作业。

○2表示方式，方法，手段等，后常接无冠词的名词或者动名词，意为“通过；靠；用”

Don’t judge a person by appearance.

请不要以貌取人。

I learned this song by listening to the radio.

我通过听广播学了这首歌。

○3表示交通路线或者工具，后接不用冠词的名词，意为“乘；坐；骑；”

by bus/plane/train/taxi 乘公交车/飞机/火车/出租车

by bike 骑自行车

by land/sea/air 经陆路海陆空中路线

○4表示位置，意为“在……旁边”

They went camping by the river. 他们去了河边露营。

6.refuse v. 拒绝

eg.She refused their invitation.

她拒绝了他们的邀请。

○1refuse sb./sth. 拒绝某人/某事

○2refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

I refuse to answer that question.

○3refuse 范围较广refuse a fact 不承认事实

turn down 把音量调低，拒绝对象通常是提案，建议

decline 谢绝；婉拒She declined to have dinner with her friend.

7.available adj. 有空的，可获得的

Eg. The doctor is not available now. 医生现在没空。

有空的不用于名词前Will she be available today? Available

可获得的常用于名词前This is the only room available.

8.until conj.&prep. 到……时，直到……时

介词表示动作状态继续道……为止I waited until three o’clock.

动词为可延续动词

用于否定句到……为止；直到……才The noise didn’t stop until midnight.

动词为短暂性

表动作状态继续直到另一个动作或状态出现

连词He lived with his parents until he got married. 主句动词为延续性用于否定句直到……才；不到……不

The children won’t come home until it’s dark.

主句动词为短暂词

9.hang v.悬挂；垂下

I’m hanging this picture on the wall.

我正在把这幅画挂在墙上。

○1hang 意为悬挂

I always hang my coat on the chair after I get home.

到家后我总是把衣服挂在椅子上。

○2hang out 常去某处；泡在某处；出去玩

hang about/around 闲逛

hang up 挂断电话

○3hang 还有绞死，上吊过去式hanged hanged

Eg. The man was hanged for murder.

那男人因谋杀罪被处绞刑。

10.catch v. 及时赶上；接住；抓住

The cat catches mice. 猫捉老鼠。

catch a cold 得感冒

catch the bus 赶公交

catch fire 着火

catch one’s breath 喘口气

catch up with 赶上

catch you later 稍后联系你；回头见

11.without prep. 没有，不

eg.She entered the room without knocking.

名/代

without +

动名词

It wasn’t polite of you to serve yourself without asking. ----Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school?

---Sure. No subject can be learned well _____hard work.

A.without

B.through

C.by

D.with

12.accept v.接受

eg.He asked her to marry him and she accepted.

他向她求婚，他同意了。

Accept 客观被动通常是接受accept a gift

Receive 主观主动通常是收到receive an education 13.invite v. 邀请

eg.Tony invited the whole class to his birthday party.

托尼邀请了全班同学去他的生日派对。

○1invite sb. to do 邀请某人做……

Maybe we should invite them to join us.

也许我们应邀请他们加入我们。

○2make an invitation 提出/发出邀请

accept an invitation 接受邀请

decline/refuse an invitation 拒绝邀请

Thank you for _____me.

Thanks for your_______.