初二英语下册复习资料

宁夏清大教育管理中心

八年级下册期末英语重点语法和短

语(2011年)

Unit 1 Will people have robots?

重点语法：一般将来时态的应用

do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do

do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done

一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.

否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.

一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?

特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years?

重点短语：won't = will not

they'll = they will

she'll = she will

he'll = he will

I'll = I will

fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上（某人/某物）

be able to do sth. 能够做某事

come true 实现

in the future 未来

hundreds of 数以百计的

thousands of 数以千计的

look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物）

will →would 情态动词will 的原形和过去式

may →might 情态动词may 的原形和过去式

Unit 2 What should I do?

重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）

do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do

do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：Y ou should write a letter to him.

否定句例句：Y ou shouldn't write a letter to him.

一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?

特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?

重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入

What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？

out of style 不时髦的；过时的

call sb. up 给某人打电话

pay for sth. 为某事付款

part-time job 兼职工作

the same as = be same (to/with) 与……同样

in style 时髦的；流行的

get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 与某人相处（好）

didn't = did not

couldn't = could not

as ... as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)

all kinds of 各种；许多

on the one hand 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面

ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事

ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事

spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花钱做某事

sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事

take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事

find out 查明

find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事

be angry with sb. 生某人的气

be angry at sth. 生某事的气

the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样

have fight with sb. 与某人打架

learn to do sth. 学会做某事

not ... until ... 直到……才……

compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较

it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了

maybe adv. 或许

may be （情态动词+ 动词原形）可能是

shall →should 情态动词shall 的原形和过去式

pay →paid →paid 动词pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

重点语法：过去进行时态

do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doing

do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.

否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.

一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?

特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?

动词when 和while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。

例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.

=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.

感叹句

结构：(1) How + adj. + the + 主语+ 谓语动词

=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主语+ 谓语动词

例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!

=How beautiful the flower is!

What beautiful flowers [they are]!

=How beautiful the flowers are!

重点短语：get out 出去；离开

take off 起飞

run away 逃跑；跑掉

come in 进来

hear about = hear of 听说

take place 发生

as ... as 像……一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老)

anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方

think about 考虑

think of 认为

get up = get out of the bed 起床

at the doctor's 在诊所

every day 每一天

everyday adj. 日常的

most adj. 大部分

the most 最多的

in space 在太空中

national hero 民族英雄

all over the world = in the world 全世界

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.

重点语法：宾语从句

结构：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语从句(主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语/表语) 例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says I'm good at English.

注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。

例句：He says I'm good at English now.

He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.

②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。

例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.

He said I was good at English now yesterday.

③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。

例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.

Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.

④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其-ing 形式。

例句：She said helping others changed her life.

重点短语：direct speech 直接引语

reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语

first of all = at first 首先

pass on 传递

be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事

be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好

in good health 身体健康

get over 克服

open up 打开

care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾

not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再

have a cold 感冒

end-of-year exam 年终考试

get nervous 变得紧张

forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事未做）

forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做）

it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说]……（加形容词）

context 上下文

Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!

重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句

结构：主句+ if + 条件状语从句

if + 条件状语从句+ [(comma)] + 主句

注意：在if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。

例句：Y ou'll have a great time if you go to the party.

=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.

重点短语：take away 拿走

around the world = all over the world 在世界各地

make a living 谋生

all the time = always 一直

What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？

in order to do sth. 为了做某事

make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带to 的不定式。）

make sb. adj. 使得某人……（加形容词）

make sb. done 使得某人被做

be famous for 为……而出名

be famous as 作为……而出名

in class 在课堂上

spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……（时间/钱）用于做某事

see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调整个过程）

see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）

say →said →said 动词say 的原形、过去式和过去分词

tell →told →told 动词tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词

eat →ate →eaten 动词eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词

speak →spoke →spoken 动词speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

重点语法：现在完成进行时态

do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing

do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done

现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：

①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做

②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响

例：我已上了三年初中。

I have been in Junior School for 3 years.

自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。

I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.

现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：

肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.

否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.

一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?

特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating?

注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。

例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？

How long have you been keeping this book?

重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽

by the way 顺便说说

be interested in doing sth. 对某事感兴趣

more than 比……多

far away 在远处

would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人

in fact 实际上

room 房间（用于可数名词）；空间（用于不可数名词）

common →more common →the most common 形容词common 的原级、比较级和最高级

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?

重点语法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事

重点短语：not at all 一点也不

turn down 调节使音量变小

right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上

wait in line 排队等候

cut in line 插队等候

hasn't = has not

keep ... down 压低声音；使缓和

at first = first of all 首先

take care 当心；小心

take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾

break the rule 违规

obey the rule 遵守规定

put out 熄灭

pick sth. up 捡起某物

wait for sb. 等候某人

depend on 依赖；依靠

get back = return 要回

mean →meant →meant 动词mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词

Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?

重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事

why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.

例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?

what about = how about

例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?

重点短语：fall asleep 入睡

give away 赠送；分发

hear of = hear about 听说

take an interest in = be interested in 对……感兴趣

make friends with 与……交友

make progress 取得进步

keep →kept →kept 动词keep 的原形、过去式和过去分词

feed →fed →fed 动词feed 的原形、过去式和过去分词

fall →fell →fallen 动词fall 的原形、过去式和过去分词

hear →heard →heard 动词hear 的原形、过去式和过去分词

Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重点语法：现在完成时态

do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has) done

do/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has) been done

现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。

例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。

I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.

重点短语：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴

on board 在船上

end up doing sth. 结束做某事

all year round = all over the year 终年

understand →understood →understood 动词understand 的原形、过去式和过去分词

Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?

重点语法：反意疑问句

反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成，或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。

例句：He's a student, isn't he?

She's not his mother, is she?

回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的，则必须用yes 回答。若事实是否定的，则必须用no 回答。

例句：你还没有准备好，对吧？

Y ou're not ready, are you?

是的，我没有准备好。

No, I'm not.

不，我准备好了。

Y es, I am.

重点短语：look through 浏览

come along 出现；发生

get along 相处

at least 至少

at most 至多

a thank-you note 感谢信

forget →forgot →forgotten 动词forget 的原形、过去式和过去分词

little →less →least 形容词little 的原级、比较级和最高级

many/much →more →most 形容词many/much 的原级、比较级和最高级

作文指南

1单元

一定要注意将来时的运用，比如写重庆的未来。你可以用以下句子开头I am from Chongqing. It’s a beautiful city with green mountains and two big river.（我来自重庆，这是一座到处是青山和两江环绕的城市）

关键点必须用到一般将来时。

I think in ten years, the road will be wider and cleaner. (我想十年后，重庆的马路会更宽、更干净)，There will be more tree in the mountains.(山上会有更多的树)，The people in Chongqing will be much happier. （重庆人会更幸福）等等……

2单元

本单元的考点：回复求助信。当人家遇到困难时，给别人真诚的建议。一般以There are a lot of thing you could do.(你有很多可以做的事情) 开头。

然后以I think you should (could)……来组织整篇文章。常见的建议有：

(1)you should say sorry. (2) you should write a letter. (3) you could buy him

a gift. (4) you should have a talk with him to communicate better. (5) you should find a part-time job.等等

最后，别忘了在信的结尾写上Good luck. 祝人家好运。

3单元

本单元最重要的是一定要用过去进行时，来表示当过去某事发生的时候，某某正在做某事。而同学们千万不要忘了过去进行时的格式was (were) + doing，而且过去发生的短暂的动作一定要到一般过去时。（注意以下句子划线处）

例如：When the accident happened, Sam was taking a shower, Nick was watching TV. Then they helped the injured people together. (当事故发生时，山姆正在洗澡，尼克正在看电视，然后他们一起去帮助伤者)

大家试着写一段：

昨天早上当老师走进教师时，我们正在休息，有些人在听音乐，有些人在做作业，有些人在交谈。我正在和汤姆下棋。我们看见老师来了，就安静地坐好了。

4单元

本单元最重要的语法要点就是转述（直接引语转为间接引语）。其作文的考察要点一般是转述别人的话或评价。课本30页上的课文可能对你会有很大的帮助。但是请一定要注意：转述时，如果前面的是过去时，后面从句部分切记用和过去相关的时态！

I got my report card. I did OK this time. My Chinese teacher said I could do better. My math teacher said I was clever. MY English teacher said I was hard-working.

(我接到我的成绩册了。我这次做得不错。我语文老师说我可以做得更好，数学老师说我聪明，用语老师说我很努力)等等……

5单元

本单元做重要的要点就是假设if （真实性条件状语从句）。而这单元作文的考察要点，往往和1单元的一般将来时相结合。特别是命题为：你长大了、毕业了想当什么？如果你成了…，你将会……。（特别注意，主句将来时，从句一般现在时）

例如：

I want to be a pilot after leaving school. If I become a pilot, I will visit different places in the world and make different friends. It will open up my eyes to the outside world.

（我毕业以后想当一名飞行员。如果我成了飞行员，我会参观不同的地方，交不同的朋友，开拓我的眼界）等等。

6单元

本单元的重要语法是现在完成进行时，即have(has) been doing, 表示从过去到现在做某事持续了多久。常常和“since\ for”连用。一定注意：since 跟过去的时间点，for跟时间段。

与作文相关的考题，一般出现在写hobby (兴趣爱好)，或者解说一件一直在持续的事情（如比赛）等。例如：

I have been collecting stamps for 3years(since three years ago). I started the hobby when I was ten. (我开始集邮已经三年了，我是从9岁时开始这项兴趣的)

7单元

本单元主要是向别人委婉地提出要求或请求，主要运用would you mind (not) doing…? 或者是could you please (not) do sth..? 一般来说，考作文的可能性不太大。不过不排除考察：你讨厌的行为是什么，当你遇到的时候，你会对别人说什么？你可以这样写，结合5单元，例如：

I get annoyed when someone is smoking on bus. When this happens, I will say to him, “would you mind not smoking on the bus?” (当有人在公车上抽烟，我会很不高兴。当这种事情发生时，我会对他说：“请不要在公车上抽烟好吗？)

8单元

和7单元一样，本单元考作文的可能性也不大，主要语法还是以口语为主，以提建议( Why don’t you do sth?/ Why not do sth? / How about…?/ What about…?) 等为主。这单元的作文可以和2单元的提建议相结合。9单元

这单元的重点语法是现在完成时(have/has +过去分词), 表示已经做过或者没做过某事。作文中特别注意have/has been to…的用法。例如：

I have been to Jiu zhaigou. I went there in 2003. I liked it very much. (我已去过九寨沟，我是2003年去的。我很喜欢那里)

I have studied English for 2 years. I began to study it two years ago. (我已学英语2年，我是2年前开始学习的)

特别注意，这单元的作文，很有可能会和6单元结合，包括写自我介绍、学校介绍、兴趣介绍，一定要注意综合运用。