动词不定式中的省略现象

动词不定式中的省略现象
动词不定式中的省略现象

动词不定3. 在特定的上下文中,为了避免重复,如果不定式为一般式to be...或完成式to have done时,则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留,be或have之后的部分通常要省略。如:

-aren’t you the headmaster?

你难道不是校长吗?

-no, and i don’t want to be.

我不是,而且我也不想当。

-hasn’t he finished writing the report?

难道他还没写完报告吗?

-no, but he ought to have.

是的,但他本来应该写完。

式中的省略现象

(2010-06-23 17:07:37)

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动词不定式中的省略现象

动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况,一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;二是动词不定式符号to的省略.

一,省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况

1.一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如expect \want \hope \wish

\love \hate \decide \plan \mean \try \would like \be ready \be afraid \be glad等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to.例如:

(1)-I 'll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my dog -Not at all .I'd be glad to.

(2)-Will you go with me

-Well ,I 'd like to.

(3)-Will you go home tomorrow

-No.I 'm going to a lecture,or at least I am planning to.

2.不定式作宾语补足语时,省略to后的动词部分,即用to代替整个不定式.例如: (1)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him not to.

(2)You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to.

3.在一些情态动词或助动词ought to \have to \used to \be able to后.例如: (1)-Must I go now

-No.You don 't have to.

(2)-Are you planning to see your grandfather

-No.But I ought to.

二,省略动词不定式符号to的情况

1.动词不定式作感官动词feel \see \notice \watch \find \hear \listen to \observe和使役动词have \make \let等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to

省略.如果这些动词用于被动语态,其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let

除外).例如:

(1)We often hear him sing the song at home .

(=He is often heard to sing the song at home.)

(2)The y knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood. (=They knew her very well.She was seen to grow up from childhood.)

注意:

get作"使,让,叫某人做某事"时,要用get sb. to do s t h.结构.例如: Mother got Tom to buy a pack of sugar.

2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and \or \than \but连接时,从第二个不定式起,往往省略不定式符号to.但如果强调对比之意时不省略.例如:

(1)She 'd like to take off her coat and have a break.

(2)The students are taught to read,write and do many other things.

(3)I t 's more difficult to do than to say .(强调语意前后对比)

(4)The teacher came not to punish you but to help you.(强调语意前后对比)

(5)I wondered whether to study or to work.(强调语意前后对比)

3.不定式作表语,用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时,往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.例如:

(1)The first things he did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training.

(2)What we want to do now is lie down and rest.

(3)What a dictionary does is help the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words .

4.在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中.例如:

(1)Why get so excited

(2)Why quarrel with your mother

(3)Why not join us,Tom

5.在一些类似情态动词词组had better \would rather \had best \rather than \can't but \can't help but等之后.例如:

(1)In China it is important to invest in education rather than increase personal wages.

(2)Jack would rather read than talk.

(3)You'd better put on more clothes,or you'll catch a bad cold.

(4)She dares to go to the lonely island by herself.I can 't but admire her bravery.

6.在美国口语中,用在祈使语气中表示目的的动词come \go \try \run之后的动词不定式符号to可省略,也可不省略.例如:

(1)Come tell me if he arrives.

(2)Go tell your mot her.

(3)Run swim together.

(4)Try open the door again.

(5)Try to open the door again.(不省略语气更强烈)

7.在一些固定短语中,

make believe(假装)

make do(凑合,设法对付)

let slip(说出)

leave go(放手)

hear say(听说)

let pass(忽略)

let be(别打扰).例如:

(1)The teacher didn 't let slip a word to us about the coming exam.

(2)I 've heard say that Mary was about to come .

(3)The boy made believe that he was reading when his father entered .

(4)Let him be.

(5)Don 't leave go(of)the fish.

另外值得注意的几种情况:

1.need作行为动词时,后面接带to的动词不定式;当dare作情态动词时,一般不用于肯定陈述句中;当dare作行为动词时,其后既可接带to的动词不定式,也可接不带to的动词不定式.例如:

(1)I dare to swim across the river.

(2)He dares to say that to his father.

(3)She doesn 't dare(to)answer her teacher 's question.

(4)We need to finish the job before lunch.

2.关于动词help后接动词不定式的问题:一般说来,help后既可接带to的动词不定式,也可接不带to的动词不定式(在美国英语及非正式文体中多见不带to).例如:

(1)Would you like to help me(to)carry the luggage

(2)Help the baby(to)get up,Susan!

3.but \besides \except作介词,后接动词不定式的情况:如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,反之则要带to.例如:

(1)She could do nothing but cry .

(2)What do you like to do besides swim

(3)He has no choice but to leave.

4.当like或want在由when \whenever \what \whatever \as \if等引导的状语从句中时,其后往往省略整个动词不定式.例如:

(1)Come whenever you like .

(2)Tom,don 't be nervous.

Take whatever you want!

(3)Do anything as you like.

(4)You don 't have to come swimming if you don 't want.

中考英语 不定式省略to的10种情况

不定式省略to的10种情况 2009-12-30 11:32:34 来源:编辑:点击:次 年终奖:你的年终奖到手了吗?冷暴力口语,你伤父母心了吗? 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如: Let me have another cup of tea. 给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow. 她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything. 他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如: 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误:He was made work twenty hours a day. 正:He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如: They forced her to sign the paper. 他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school. 法律要求父母送子女上学。 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如: We all felt the house shake. 我们都感觉这房子在震动。

动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10). 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图 b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce

有关to do不定式的,to do不定式什么时候可以省略to do;还有什么时候用被动形式,什么时候不用。

2014年8月4日 17:10 有关to do不定式的,to do不定式什么时候可以省略to do;还有什么时候用被动形式,什么时候不用。 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如:Let me have another cup of tea. 给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow. 她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything. 他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如: 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误:He was made work twenty hours a day. 正:He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必 须带to。如: They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school. 法律要求父母送子女上学。 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如: We all felt the house shake. 我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs. 我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。 但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。如: They all felt the plan to be unwise. 他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如: They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。 另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带 to。如: I noticed her to have come early. 我注意到她来得很早。 三、why (not) 与to的省略 在why (not)…?之后的不定式不能带to。如: Why argue with him? He’ll never change his mind. 为什么要跟他争论? 他永远不会改变 自己的看法。 Why not try going by boat for a change? 为什么不试着坐船去,这样也可以换换花样? Why not wait till the winter sales to buy a new coat? 为什么不等到冬季大贱卖时再买一件新外衣呢? 四、介词except / but与to的省略 当不定式用作介词except或except的宾语时,该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带 to;其前没有 do,不定式通常带to。如: He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢。 It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。

(完整版)省略to的动词不定式用法归纳

省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如: Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如: 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误:He was made work twenty hours a day. 正:He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如: They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例: 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.360docs.net/doc/d09607249.html, to leave https://www.360docs.net/doc/d09607249.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如: We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。如:They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如: They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个

九种不定式省略to的情况

句子成分 句子主要有以下几种成分: 1)主语(subject)是一句话的中心,整句话都在谈它的情况:my sister is a nurse. Her room is on the 5th floor. 2)谓语(predict)是主语的主要情况,可以表示动作,也可以表示状态:she works in a hotel.(动作) she knows a little English.(状态) 3)宾语(object)表示动作的承受者,也可以表示动作的结果:Everybody likes her. She is writing a letter now. 4)表语(predicative)和系动词一道构成谓语:she is conscientious girl.她是一个工作认真的女孩。 5)定语(attributive)修饰名词,代词等: Her hospital is not very big. But everyone in the hospital works hard.. 6)状语(adverbial)修饰动词,形容词或者副词:She goes to work very early. She feels very happy 此外还有同位语(appositive)插入语(parenthesis)以及呼语(vocative)This is my sister Mary. Mary is good girl, they say Sit down, Mary 句子的类型 1)按照说话的目的分为四类: A.陈述句(statement): 陈述一个事实,表示一个看法等:Beijing is the capital of China She may be right. B.问句(question): 提出问题: Where are you from? C.祈使句(imperative)提出命令请求等。 Don’t be late again. Take a seat, please. D.感叹句(exclamation)表示赞美惊异等情绪: W hat a nice view from the window! 2)从结构上来区分又可以分为三类: a简单句 如果一个句子只包含一个主谓结构,而句子各个成分都只用单词或短语表示,它就是简单句。 I live in the country. The teachers and students cheered at the news. 简单句主要由五种基本句型构成,千千万万的句子变化可以看作是这五种基本句型的扩展、省略、组合和倒装。 基本句型一:主语+谓语(不及物) The baby smiled. The teacher came in, followed by some students. 基本句型二:主语+谓语(系)+表语。

不定式省略to的九种情况

不定式省略to的九种情况 一、使役动词后省略to的情况 在let, make, have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。如: Mymotherwouldn’tletmegothefilm.我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。 Idon’tlikemilk,butmothermademedrinkit.我不喜欢牛奶,可是母亲强迫我喝。Iwouldhavehimwaitfor me at the gate of the park.我要他在公园门口等我。注意: 1.当使役动词用于被动语态时,要补上在主动语态中省略的to(主要是指make,let和have很少用于被动语态)。 2. force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如: He forced me to go with them.他迫使我同他们一起去。The police obliged him to leave.警方强迫他离开。 二、感觉动词后省略to的情况 在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to在感觉E: 10.5pt;mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'TimesNewRoman'">。如: Iwatchedhergetintothecar.我看着她上了车。Isawthewomanenterabank.我看见这个女人进了一家银行。Weoftenhearhersingthis song.我们经常听到她唱这首歌。Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?注意: 1.这里所说的感觉动词主要包括see, hear,observe, notice, feel, watch等。但是它们用于被动语态时,其后的不定式必须带to。如:

动词不定式用法小结

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动词不定式省略的几 种情况

动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”。但有些词后面的“to”有时会省略。归纳起来,常有下列几种情况: 1. 作使役动词(如make, let, have)和感官动词(如look at, see, hear, watch, listen to, notice)等的宾语补足语时。如: They made the children work 12 hours a day. 他们强迫孩子们一天干12小时。 Let me go. 让我去吧。 I saw him come. 我看见他来了。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. 我们经常听见她在教室唱英语歌。 值得注意的是:以上句子若变为被动语态时,“to”则不能省略。 2. 在动词help后的动词不定式可带“to”,也可不带“to”。如: Will you help me (to) plant this tree, please?请你帮我种这棵树,好吗? 3. 两个或两个以上不定式连用,其作用相同时,除第一个不定式带“to”外,其余不带“to”。如: It’s better to give than receive. 给予比索取好。 4. 在Why not后。如: Why not have some milk? 为什么不来些牛奶呢? 5. had better / best, would rather等固定结构中。如: I would rather stay here. 我宁可留在这儿。

6. 在but, except, besides介词前面有一定义动词“do”时,介词后的不定式可以省略“to”。如: We can do nothing but wait. 除了等我们别无他法。 7. 在助动词和情态动词后接动词原形,动词也是不带“to”的动词不定式的一种形式。如: We can’t play basketball until we finish our homework. 直到完成作业后我们才能去打篮球。 8. 在不定式作表语,主语部分又有all, what only,或有最高级形容词修饰名词和实义动词“do”时。如: The best way to do is wait till she comes back.最好的办法是等她回来。 动词不定式为非谓语动词的一种形式,由“小品词to+动词原形”构成,但有时小品词to可以省略,下面便是笔者归纳的几组动词不定式省略to的情况: 1. 与助动词和情态动词一起构成复合谓语时,可以省略to。例: (1)He doesn’t like singing. 他不喜欢唱歌。 (2)He will come here tomorrow. 他明天将到这儿来。 [注]在ought, used, be, have之后仍带to。例如:

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