四六级【听力1】：各题型分析及策略

Ｉ、A节（Section A）

1、问题类型

Ａ节每组对话一般是在一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均以问句形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下：

A、多用来问以下内容：

1）问"是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类"等，如：

What is the man's answer?

What does the woman want for lunch? What are they talking about?

What kind of books does the man want to borrow?

２）问"做什么"，如：

What does the woman tell the man to do first? What are th e speakers doing now?

What will happen if John fails the exam?

３）问"什么含义"，如：

What does the man mean (imply) ?

What does the woman's answer suggest?

４）问"从对话中能获得什么信息或结论"，如：

What can we learn from the conversation?

What can be concluded from this conversation?

５）问"对某人或某事有什么看法"，

如：What does the man think of Miss Brown? What does th e woman think of the plan? Ｂ、Ａ节中用提出的问题主要问"对话可能是在什么场所发生的"，

即：Where does this conversation most probably take place? Where does this conversation most likely occur? Where are the man and woman?

Ｃ、可能问以下几个方面的情况：

１）问钟点（可用替换），如：

Man (M): What time did yesterday's football match start?

Woman (W): It was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour. Question(Q): When did the game finally s tart?

２）问在哪个星期或星期几（后者可用替换），如：

W: I thought to go to town now. I have some shopping to do.

M: Don't spend too much, I won't get paid until next week.

Q: When will he be paid?

３）问日期，如：When will the winter vacation begin?

Ｄ、用提问的问题可以问原因，也可以问目的，如：Why is the man late?

Why did the man repair the car by himself?

Ｅ、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况，如：

W: May I help you ,Sir?

M: I hope so. It's my watch. I brought it in to be repaired, but I've lost the Receipt. Q: Who is the man?

Ｆ、主要针对以下内容提问：

１）问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：

How did the teacher usually begin his class? How does the man usually go to work?

２）问"对某事的感受如何"，如：

How does the man feel about the movie? How do you like th e film?

Ｇ、问"多少"，属于涉及数字的题，可能有以下几种形式：

How many persons ...?

How many dozens of ... does ... want? How much does ...?

How old is ...?

How long does it take ... to ...? Ａ节的问句根据疑问词划分，大致可以归为以上七类。Ａ节中偶尔也有个别一般疑问句。但也可能出现其它类型的问句，（如以Whom,Whose,Which提问），或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。

２、对话内容分类

若按对话内容分类，则可分为以下几种类型：

Ａ、时间类：包括直接型和计算型。如：

W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.

M: Thank you very much . I only need them for a few days.

Q: When must the man return his books to the library?

Ｂ、数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如：

W: Do you live in a college dormitory?

M: Yes, I do. It's a sixman suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.

Q: How many people share the suite now?

Ｃ、地点类：包括直接型和含蓄型。如：

M: I need to cash this check?

W: Will you step right over to the teller's window, please?

Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?

Ｄ、否定类：此类对话既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词，也有but,although 等转折词，或由would rather,too...to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如：

M: Ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?

W: I wish I could help you. I went shopping yesterday. Now I h ave only two dollars till the end of the week.

Q: Will the man borrow any money from the woman?

此题的答案肯定是No。听这段话时要抓住I wish I could help you.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是肯定式，但却隐含着I'm sorry I can't help you.的意思。

Ｅ、人物类：包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份。如：

M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. Th is way, please.

W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?

Q: What's the relationship between the man and woman?

A) Husband and wife. B) Waiter and customer.

C) Salesman and customer. D) Host and guest.

Ｆ、活动类：这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况。

如：W: Are you going to New York next weekend? M: Yes, I'm going to look up Bill while I'm there. Q: What's the ma n going to do?

这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况，要注意听问句是什么，然后再作出选择。

３、几种常见的解题方法

Ａ节中的对话虽然简短，但多数情况下，往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分，即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此，在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词（组）用辨别法答题（解活动类多用此方法），或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法答题，类型不仅仅限于诸如"what does the man mean?"这样的题目，其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。

简而言之，短对话的原则是：听到什么不选什么。

如：W: How do you like the play you saw last night?

M: Well, I should have stayed at home. Q: What does the man think of the play?

A) It is exciting. B) It is boring. C) He didn't see the pla y. D) He like it very much.

对话中"I should have stayed at home."（我真该待在家里），这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏，而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔（should have done something这种结构可用来表示"对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责）。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是"The play is boring."（演出令人厌烦），因而Ｂ是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目的对话中，多出现两处，甚至三、四处数字或时间，因此，除了用辨别方法外，有时必须用计算方法才能得出正确答案。

II、Ｂ节（Section B）

Ｂ节通常有三篇听力材料。其中较短的约１５０词，较长的约２００词。材料本身难度不算太大，关键在于能否听懂大意、抓住要点、记住主要情节。短文后面的问题大都是特殊疑问句。问题多问关于短文的主题、有关讲话人的情况、事实与细节、事情的因与果等，有时要求根据短文的内容作出其它推论。大体说来，Ｂ节的题目比较客观、直接。这是因为Ｂ节的题目涉及的多是具体事实（问暗含意义或要求推论的题目很少），并且答案常常可以从听力材料中直接获得。对于这类题目，只要听懂短文，选出正确答案是轻而易举的。能否顺利完成Ｂ节的试题，主要取决于能否在一系列语句中抓住答题所需的那些关键词句。

简而言之，长对话的做题原则是：听到什么，选什么！（很少涉及推理！）

（二）如何阅读选择项

因为听力理解的问题不是以书面形式出现在卷面上，而是在讲话内容之后才出现，所以，我们必须抓住空隙时间抢先阅读选择项。这样便可以根据选择项的内容预测谈话或短文的内容和提问形式，提前了解谈话或短文中可能出现的单词或词组。只有这样，在听音时才能有目的地听、有选择地记。

对待选择项应采取快速阅读的方法。在听音前看选择项主要应用略读技巧。一定要避免逐词阅读，否则就不可能在听音前看完选择项。选择项的长短、简繁不一，具体处理方法也要有所不同。

选择项都比较短时，可采用扫视法。用眼光扫过选择项，大体了解其内容。当选择项较长时（Ｂ节的选择项往往较长），可分两步处理。第一步，整体看，以发现其共同成分；第二步，采用竖读方法，着重看区别。选择项（尤其是较长的选择项）各项之间往往有相同的内容。应先整体扫视选择项，很快发现其共同处，然后将视线移到各项不同之处进行竖读（即由上向下看，而不是由左向右看）。

用这样的方法看选择项，开始可能会感到不习惯，因而影响阅读速度。但经过一段时间的练习，便会习惯。掌握这种技巧，不仅能加快阅读速度，使我们能在较短的时间看完较长的阅读项，而且能使我们对选择项的共同与不同部分印象更深刻，这对确定听音重点十分重要，因而，在平时就要注意训练提高这种技巧，使之成为习惯。若平时习惯逐词逐句地读，考试时就难以纠正，当然就无法熟练运用这种技巧。

需要说明的是，上面所说的只是一种技巧，不一定适用于所有情况。但快速是原则。

（三）如何预测问题的类型和内容

虽然在听音之前很难确定题目的确切内容，但选择项的结构和内容往往暗示问题的类型和大致内容。有些题的选择项很有特点，非常明显地反映出其问题的类型。例如：看到这样的选择项时：

A) At the airport. B) In a restaurant.

C) At the railway station. D) In a department store.

完全可以肯定此问题问的是地点。

虽然不是所有的选择项都会像以上两例这样明显地反映问题的类型，选择项的语言结构往往可以提示问题的类型，其对应关系大致如下：

选择项的语言结构

问题类

１）地点介词＋名词。

２）方式、方法介词＋名词（词组）、动词（词组）

３）时间介词＋钟点、星期、日期等

４）数词＋时间单位词（分、小时、日、月、年等）

５）数词＋计量词

６）以不定式或等引起的词组或从句

７）名词（词组）、动名词（词组）

８）名词（词组）、形容词＋名词（词组）

９）形容词、过去分词、现在分词（词组）

10）从句

这些对应关系都是相对而言的，仅供参考。选择项的语言结构比较灵活，没有固定的格式。有时增减某些成分并不改变其性质。

另外，同一类题目可能有不同的表达方式。比如，一般用来问原因或目的，但也可以用，或来提问。这些表达方式虽不同，意义并不改变。

总之，所有的技巧都是建立在熟悉的基础之上的，要想将听力练好，关键还是要多听，多练，多说，尽可能将听力内容适当的背下来，因为背的时候，也是你熟悉语境、了解东西方思维差异的过程。、

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一、关于听力！！！第一招：相关保留原则当选项中有两项表达意思相近时，那么正确答案必在这两项之中！这时只需稍微听一听对话，即可知答案，如果出现了双重相关，便可直接确认正确选项，只需听完对话加之认证一下即可！典型例题： 4. A) V isiting the Browning. B) Writing a postcard. C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form. 例题分析：B、C两项均含有 a poscard ，B、D两项均含有写...之意，即B、C和B、D构成双重相关，即可得出B为正确选项！本题听力原文： 4. M: What\'s the matter? Y ou\'ve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space. W: I told the Browning I\'d send them a postcard. Now I don\'t know what to say. Q: What\'s the woman doing? 第二招：异项保留原则当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时，那么正确答案必在此二项中出现！如果出现双重异项，那么即可判断出正确答案，异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛！典型例题： 6. A) She can’t finish her assignment, either. B) She can’t afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer. D) The man should buy a computer right away. 例题分析：A、B异项，A项的意思是她现在有电脑，B项的意思则是她现在没有电脑。 B、D异项，B是说女方无电脑，而D是说男方无电脑，男女也是一种反意关系。所以根据双重异项原则可确定正确答案为B项！本题听力原文： 6. M: I\'m frustrated. We\'re supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library. W: I understand the way you feel. I\'m looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own. Q: What does the woman mean? 第三招：女士保留原则做题做多了，我们应该了解西方人的思维方式，当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时，我们一定要注意，这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意！因为女士经常以女神的形象出面，她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息！典型例题： 9. A) The man should stick to what he’s doing. B) The man should take up a new hobby. C) The man should stop playing tennis. D) The man should find the cause for his failure.

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