复试试题

南昌大学2007年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

报考专业;营养与食品卫生学考试科目：615微生物（ A卷）

一、名词解释（每题3分，共60分）

1、大肠菌群

2、碳氮比

3、前噬菌体

4、化疗

5、免疫调节剂

6、类病毒

7、附加体

8、朊病毒

9、分生孢子器

10、单克隆抗体

11、伴胞晶体

12、营养缺陷型

13、代谢物回补顺序

14、菌落

15、核衣壳

16、生长限制因子

17、支原体

18、BOD

19、根际微生物

20、主动运输

二、写出下列微生物的学名或中文名（每题2分，共10分）

1、枯草芽孢杆菌

2、酿酒酵母

3、大肠埃希氏菌

4、Aspergillus niger

5、Staphylococcus aureus

三、问答题（共九小题，共80分）

1、什么是转染？转染与转化有什么区别？（4分）

2、什么是连续培养？列表比较恒浊器与恒化器。（10分）

3、试述测试DNA中GC比的解链温度法的原理。（10分）

4、什么是艾姆氏试验？试述其原理和方法。（10分）

5、微生物产生抗药性的原因有哪些？（8分）

6、什么是一步生长曲线?它可分几期？各期有何特点？（10分）

7、试讨论细菌的细胞形态与菌落形态间的相关性。（10分）

8、如何从土壤中分离好气性固氮菌？写出简要实验步骤。有什么注意事项？（10分）

9、现代微生物学的特点及其发展趋势是什么？（8分）

03年南昌大学微生物学考题

一名词解释3分/个)

病毒,模式种,单克隆抗体,化学需氧量,古细菌,Epitope,cell fusion,prophage,peptidoglycan,Intergration.

二正确写出下列微生物的学名(2分/个)

黄曲菌,炭疽芽孢杆菌,大肠埃希氏菌,伤寒沙门氏菌,痢疾志贺氏菌,酿酒酵母菌,粪链球菌,黑根菌,产黄青霉,铜绿假单胞菌

三问答题目(8分/个)

1 什么叫化能无机营养,它与化能自养有何区别(8分)

2 什么是缺陷噬菌体,宿主细胞受缺陷噬菌体感染后是否会获得免疫性,为什么?

3 什么是纯培养,该技术对微生物学发展有何积极作用

4 2002年度诺贝尔生理和医学奖颁发给了哪三位科学家,他们因在何领域作出什么杰出贡献而获得此荣誉,他们的研究结果有何重要意义?

5为什么装片有水时不能使用油浸系物镜,说明理由?

四论述题目

1谈谈微生物代谢多样性的主要表现于高等动植物的不同(10分)

2阐述化学渗透学说的精髓及其与嗜盐菌紫膜光合作用的异同(15)

3阐述病毒RNA基因组在结构,功能的特点(15)

4试论述微生物的代谢调节机制,主要的反馈抑制类型及特点(20)

02年南昌大学微生物学考题

一名词解释(3分/个)

半知菌,生长因子,传染,败血症,抗代谢药,adjuvant,biological,capsid,cell fusion,antigen determinant

二请正确写出任意十个常见菌的拉丁学名与中文名(1分/个)

三为何说微生物学已成为一门十分热门的前沿基础学科(10)

四当对一未知细菌进行革兰氏染色时,怎么才能判定操作过程是否规范准确及染色结果是正确的(10)

五为什么说革兰氏阳性菌对溶菌酶作用较敏感?若要使溶菌酶对其不产生有效作用,一般可采用什么方法?(10)

六为什么说接种后的平板适温培养时候需要倒置,而接种后的试管斜面无需倒置?(10)

七核酸作为遗传物质应具备哪些必要条件?为何证明核酸是遗传物质基础的经典实验都不约而同地选用了微生物为研究对象?(20)

01年南昌大学微生物学考题

名词解释(40)

单克隆抗体,兼性厌氧菌,异核现象.菌苔,反硝化作用,隐性传染,PARK核酸,丁达尔灭菌法,子实体,真菌,plaque,rhizoid,prophage,operon,disinfection,type species,fermentation,capsule,integration,mycoplosma

二青霉素的抑菌作用机理是什么?为何它可抑制处于旺盛生长的细菌,而对生长静止的细菌无抑制作用(10)

三突破微生物的调节控制,使代谢产物积累的常用方法有哪些,请举例说明(15)

四什么是溶源转变,什么是转导,有什么异同?(10)

五病毒RNA基因组的结构和功能有何特点?(10)

六什么是三原界系统,各原界包括哪些生物类型,促成三原界系统提出的古细菌有何特点?(15) 01年南昌大学微生物学考题

一、名词解释

1，纯培养2，自外裂解3，卫星RNA 4，互生5, 补体6，免疫原性7，原养型8，发酵

9，葡萄糖效应10，检索表二、问答1，什么是病毒？其定义有哪些几层含义？2，发酵生产是如何检测溶原菌？3，科赫法则的主要内容是什么？4，什么是化学渗透学说？其与嗜盐菌的紫膜光合作用有何异同？三〉论述1，试述微生物学对生物科学发展的贡献及在分子生物学中的作用2，试述病毒在农林生物防治中的作用3，试述微生物的代谢调节机制及主要的反馈抑制类型4，详述营养缺陷型的筛选

99年南昌大学微生物学考题

一、名词解释（40）1.单克隆抗体2.兼性厌氧菌 3.异核现象 4.菌苔5.反法硝化作用6.隐性传染7.park核苷酸8丁达尔灭菌法9.子实体10.真菌12.rhizoicl 13.prophage 14.operon15.disinfection 16.type species 17.fermentation 18.capsule 19.integretion 20.mycoplosma 二、青霉素的抑菌作用机理是什么？为何它可以抑制处于旺盛生长繁殖的细菌,而对于生长静止的细菌无抑制作用? 三、突破微生物的改变调节控制,使代谢产物积累的常用方法有哪些?请举例说明四、什么是溶原改变?什么是转导?它们有何异同? 五、病毒RNA基因组在结构，功能上有何特点？六、什么是三原界系统？各原界包括哪些生物类型？促成三原界系统提出的古细菌有何特点？

06年江南大学营养与食品卫生试题

一、名词解释（共40分）1、DRIs2、必需脂肪酸3、基础代谢率4、营养标签5、LD506、农药残留7、食物中毒8、ADI

二、填空题（共20分，答案写在答题纸上）

1、人体必需氨基酸的九种氨基酸为____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____和____。

2、机体维生素B1不足，可能影响与_____代谢有关的生化过程。膳食中维生素B1缺乏症临床表现主要为______。

3、微量元素硒的主要生理功能是____，缺硒是引起_____病的一个重要原因。

4、食品污染包括生物性、化学性和放射性污染，其中化学性污染包括____、____、____、____等污染。

5、有毒植物性食物中毒包括____、____、____等引起的中毒。

三、问答题（90分）

1、试述脂类的消化、吸收、代谢及生理功能。（10分）

2、试述大豆的营养特点，它有哪些抗营养因子？（15分）

3、评价蛋白质的营养价值的指标有哪些？（10分）

4、人体的营养需要包括哪些方面，合理膳食应满足哪些条件？（15分）

5、食品中铅污染的途径有哪些？如何预防铅污染？（10分）

6、试述麻痹性贝类的毒物来源、有毒成分及性质、中毒机制及预防措施。（15分）

7、请你从禽流感的感染源、微生物特性、传播途径、致病性以及预防和防治等方面谈谈对其认识。（15分）

复试

一:选择题;全英文,15个共30分,记不下来了,总体还是很简单的,要点如下:

水稻和小麦分别缺乏哪两种氨基酸,甘油三脂分解成哪两种物质,维生素D有哪几种形式,与能量摄入相关的维生素（b1b2b12）,与贫血相关的铁元素，膳食纤维的作用，平均摄入量的人群测试比例，……

二:简答（6*6）：1血糖指数及其应用，2霉菌及其卫生学意义，3食品强化原则，4.黄酮去自由基的直接间接作用5.6.

三:论述;14分第个,共2 个

1.动脉粥样硬化与营养素之间的关系

2:对三聚氰胺奶粉事件与大头娃娃奶粉两个事件的看法。

总体不是很难，留下qq944497986

南大英语复试口语话题

1. 谷歌事件:In my opinion, it is necessary to regulate the Internet according to law. Google is useful. I often used it to study. for its exit, I'm sorry. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

2. 世博会: This is an exciting thing. It is an important and a long history of event. It will display cultural and scientific achievements and so on. I am proud of our country to hold such an event. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

3. 当前中国教育制度: China's education system is examination-oriented education. Therefore, the scores become very important and leading students to rigid. I hope that our country can improve this aspect .Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

4. 犀利哥现象: He was just a poor man. If it is not because of the media reports, he may have been begging. Poor man like him, there are many needs to be concerned. I hope that our country can improve this aspect. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

5. 男女平等: This is a difficult topic for us. But, I think that women want to be equal. it is not enough that Just a man to respect a woman. Women should be independent. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

6. 留学: If they go abroad in order to knowledge, I support it. And I hope that they will be able to serve China. If it is for fame, I feel that there is no need to go abroad. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

7. 出国: This is a difficult topic for me. But, I think that everyone has their own ideas. If he wants to go abroad, we do not have the right to oppose. He can do what they want to do. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

8. 减肥: We all love beautiful, especially the women like to lose weight. it is good that as long as they do not affect health . Weight loss is not wrong, but there should be an good means. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

9. 关于广告: There are a lot of false advertising. And these ads are vulgar. I do not understand that TV still play them every day. I hope that our country can improve this aspect .Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

10. 上网: Network is a tool. It is good or bad, the key lies in how we use it. Network is useful, if it is used to learn .But many people indulge online games and neglect their studies. I hope that our country can improve this aspect .Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

11. 人生目标:My ideal is that I can become a Doctor. I hope I can serve the community and realize self-value. In addition, I wish I could have a happy family. Everyone is healthy. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

12. 电视节目: So far, I have a long time did not watch TV. Because I do not like those programs .Many TV programs are boring .And there are too many vulgar advertisement on TV.

Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

13. 朋友: For us, friends are very important. There may be some misunderstanding between friends, so we need to understand each other. I think it is not important that how many friends you have. but that how many good friends you have. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

14. 体育: I know that sports is very good, but I still do not like it. My friends like play basketball. Sometimes I play badminton. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

15. 生态问题: I have heard the news that the southern drought is very serious. This is the consequence of destroying the ecological environment. "Earth Hour" is just a show. I hope that there is a practical action .I hope that our country can improve this aspect.

16. 网络流行语的态度: I think ,as long as not too much, network buzzword is permitted . I often surf the Internet .But i do not like the Internet buzzword .Because It can not become a cultural. And although some people think it is a culture, but I think it is not. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

17. 童年生活: My childhood was not happy. This was largely caused by my parents. But I do not complain .So I always told myself I want to build a happy family .Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

18. 旅游:Travel is good for relax. I have a dream to travel around the world. But now I am just a student .I do not have enough money .And So this is the future thing. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

19. 人生最重要的抉择与你经常做出抉择吗:I do not often make a decision. In my life there is an important choice, that is taking the entrance exams for postgraduate schools. This is the best way to realize self-value. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

20. 最敬佩的人: There are many people who I admire, he was not a person but a group of people. I admire the people who have contributed to human society. I would also like to be that person through my learning and hard work. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

21. 对钱的看法: “That's all the fault of the money”. We can often hear such words. I thin k not like that. That is our fault. This relates to our attitude to money and earning way. We should be proper to make money and save money. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

22. 研究生就业与薪水: Salaries are not unimportant. More importantly, I hope that I can learn something in the work process. I want my salary and my abilities are the same. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

23. 喜欢的歌曲: I like a lot of songs. But the favorite is " a new day has come" It's melody is beautiful, and give people inspiration. a new day has come, I was waiting for so long for the miracle's come. So do I .Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

24. 喜欢的电影:My favorite movie is Shawshank Redemption. When I watched the film, I am very excited to watch again and again. I like Andy, for his talent. And the most important thing that I like is his spirit that never giving up. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

25. 我的家乡: My home is Linchuan. I think many people should know WangAnShi. Economy is not developed enough, but the landscape very well, no contamination. It had my family and friends, in my eyes, it is the best hometown. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

26. 男女未婚同居: I do not want people to do that. Among them, many people have no sense of marriage. Unmarried cohabitation is both irresponsible. That would make the woman suffer great harm. Of course, everyone has the right to choose their own way of life. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

27. 网恋: Internet Love is too unreal. From the network, you can not fully understand him.

I hope that people can pay more attention to the reality. I do not know the attitude of others .But I do not want internet love. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

28. 小沈阳: In the spring night, he showed well. Only once, people may feel funny. However, he does so for a long time, then, it is not very good. I hope that he will try other ways. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

29. 现代生活问题: Today, we have rich material life. But we are not happy. And there are a lot of problems. We do not have faith, and our spiritual life is not enough. We have too many pressures. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

30. 金融危机:Housing prices are very high now. Government in this area is not good. If do not improve, the consequences are serious. GDP is just a number. I hope our country can understand this and improve this aspect .Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

31. 天气:Today's weather is not bad. But I do not know what the weather it was in my heart. My heart is very nervous.No matter what the weather it was, it was only temporary. Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

32. 机会:I think that Who prepared and who can have a chance. People who are not ready and the opportunity will pass. Now I have a chance. I w**, just do not know what will happen.Teacher, this is some of my ideas.

33. 校园恋爱: I think it is possible.Now, love is everywhere,it's popular,including on the campus,between the young boys and girls. All in all, In most time,I hope that students should hard study.