主动表被动的四种类型_动词 英语语法.doc

主动表被动的四种类型_动词 英语语法.doc
主动表被动的四种类型_动词 英语语法.doc

主动表被动的四种类型_动词

所谓主动表被动,就是指用主动语态的形式表示被动语态的意义。适合这类用法的动词主要有以下几类:

1. feel类

以feel为代表的表示起来的连系动词,如feel, look, sound, smell, taste等,尽管它们从汉语看来具有被动意味,但它们只能用主动形式表示被动意义。如:

The water feels warm. 水摸起来很暖和。

按理说,水自己是不能摸的,它应该是被人摸才对,所以上面这句话的实际意义是这水被我们摸起来很暖和之类的意思。但是,由于feel作为连系动词它是不及物的,根本没法用于被动语态,所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

The dish smells good. 这道菜闻起来很香。

同样地,菜自己是不能闻的,它应该是被人闻才对,所以上面这句话的实际意义是这道被我们闻起来很香之类的意思。但是,由于smell作为连系动词它是不及物的,根本没法用于被动语态,所以只好用主动形式表示被动意义了。

为什么动词不及物就没法用于被动语态呢?因为由主动语态变为被动语态时,我们要将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语,如果主动句的谓语是不及物动词,那么它就没有宾语,这样一样,变成被动语态就会没有主语,所以不及物动词没法用于被动语态。

2. open类

以open为代表的一类动词,如open, close, shut, lock, move等,它们既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词;当它们用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,此时通常与can’t, won’t 等连用。如:

It can’t move. 它动不了。

The windows wouldn’t open. 窗子打不开了。主动表被动

注意这类用法与用被动语态含义的区别。如:

The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The door won’t be shut. 这门将不用关上。

第一句用的是主动形式表示被动意义,它强调的是主语的属性,即门本身有问题,没法关上;第二句直接用了被动意义,它不强调主语的属性,而只是客观地传达一种信息,即门是不用关上,这与门本身有没有问题无关。

3. read类

以read为代表的一类动词,如read, write, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry, handle等,它们既可以用作及物动词,也可以用作不及物动词;当它们用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,此时通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly, properly 等副词连用。如:

The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。

Cheese cuts easily. 干酪很好切。

注意这类用法与用被动语态含义的区别。如:

This car handles well. 这部车很好控制。

This car was handled well. 这部车被控制得很好。

第一句用的是主动形式表示被动意义,它强调的是主语的属性,即车子本身具备良好的控制性,很容易控制;第二句直接用了被动意义,它不强调主语的属性,而只是客观地传达一种信息,即车子被控制得很好,与车子本身的性能无关。

4. begin类

以begin为代表的一类动词,如begin, start, finish, end, fill, catch 等,当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:

When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始?

The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。

My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。

Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。

英语语法体系

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初中英语语法知识—动词的分类汇编

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初中英语语法知识—动词时态的分类汇编及解析

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