专升本考试英语语法重点、难点解析(之三)

专升本考试英语语法重点、难点解析(之三)
专升本考试英语语法重点、难点解析(之三)

专升本考试英语语法重点、难点(之三)

六、状语从句

在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。

(一)时间状语从句

常用的连词有:when,whenever(无论什么时候),since,as,until,hardly…when,no sooner…than,as soon as,before,after,the moment,the minute (一…就…)

1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _____ it started raining hard.

A. when

B. than

C. then

D. after

[解析] 正确答案B。本题考查连词固定搭配。no sooner...than…一…就…;hardly…when…一…就…;scarcely when...一…就….本句的意思是:他们刚把货物盖好,就开始下雨了。

2、She has wanted to become a nurse _____ since she was a young girl.

A. long

B. often

C. always

D. ever

[解析] 正确答案D。本题测试固定搭配。“ever since”意为“自从”,其他三个词都没有这个用法。本句的意思是:“从她还是一个小姑娘的时候起她就想成为一名护士。”

(二)条件状语从句

常用if,unless(除非,如果不),as/so long as只要。

1、_____ I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.

A. Unless

B. If

C. Because

D. Provided

[解析] 正确答案A。unless:若不,除非。例如:You will fail unless you work harder. (你若不更加努力就会失败。)I won't phone you,unless something unforeseen happens. (我不打电话给你,除非发生意外。)provided及providing的意思是“只要,以……为条件”,后接that从句,that可以省略。provided及providing一般都可以由if来代替。本句的意思是:“如果我没有弄错的话,我以前见过那个人。”

因此A最符合题意。

2、_____ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.

A. Until

B. Unless

C. If

D. Provided

[解析] 正确答案B。unless作连词引导条件状语从句,相当于if not,意为“除非……;如果不……,就会……”,主句多为否定句。

(三)原因状语从句

常用:because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果关系,一般用because引入;而since表示一种间接或附带的原因;用as 只是提一下。

1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.

2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.

(四)让步状语从句

常用though/although,as (尽管),even if/though,however,whatever,wherever,whoever,no matter how/what/who等

1、In short, _____ he lives, a man belongs to some society.

A. whatever

B. whenever

C. whichever

D. wherever

[解析] 本题属于词汇辨析题。本句的意思是:“总之,不论一个人住在哪里,他都从属于某个社会。”wherever:不论在哪;whatever:不论什么;whenever:不论什么时候,whichever:不论哪一个。从句子的意思看,只有wherever符合题意,因此D为正确答案。

2、_____, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.

A. No matter whoever you are

B. Whomever you are

C. Whoever you are

D. No matter who are you

[解析] 本题测试状语从句的用法。本句的意思是:“不管你是谁,进电影院前都必须出示你的票。”只有选项C的表达是正确的,或者也可以说“No matt er who you are”。例如:No matter who you are, you are a shining star.

3、_____ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.

A. Even if

B. If only

C. Instead of

D. Despite of

[解析] 正确答案A。本题测试固定搭配。本句的意思是:“即使你不赞成她,她的意见还是值得考虑的。”even if 意为“即使”。例如:Even if he is poor,he looks happy. ( 即使他穷,他看上去很快乐。)

4、Young _____ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.

A. that

B. as

C. although

D. however

[解析] 正确答案B。本题考查倒装的用法。当as表示“虽然,尽管”引导让步状语从句的时候,其所在分句往往用倒装,将表语前置。though也可这样用。如:

Clever as/though he was,he failed in the exam.尽管他聪明,考试却没及格。句意为:尽管他还年轻,却知道什么是正确的事情。

(五)方式状语从句

常用as, just as, as if/though 等词。

1、_____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.

A. It

B. That

C. What

D. As

[解析] 本题测试状语从句。as引导方式状语从句,也可以看做是插入语。本句的意思是:“正如上面所指出的,这种物质可用做替代品。”,因此D为正确答案。

2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. had known

D. would have known

[解析] 本题测试as if 引导的虚拟语气。当谈论现在的情况时,用一般过去时。例如:He talks as if he were the president.因此选项B正确。

(六)目的状语从句

常用so that , in order that, lest (以免,以防), in case。

1、I wrote it down _____ I should forget it.

A. in case

B. in case of

C. in order that

D. for fear of

[解析] 本题考查连词用法。ill case是连词词组,引导虚拟从句,“免得,以防万一”;in case of介词短语,“假使、如果发生”:in order that连词,引导目的状语从句,“为了…”;for fear of介词“生怕、以免”。因此A为正确答案。

2、I’ll give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.(七)结果状语从句

常用so…that, such…that

1、They are ____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.

A. so diligent

B. such diligent

C. so much diligent

D. such very diligent

[解析] 正确答案A。“so+形容词或副词+that...”和“such+名词+ that...”两者都表示“如此……以至于……”。

七、主谓一致

考试重点:

形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语;动名词、不定式,从句做主语;a number+of+复数名词和the number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语;主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致;当用and连接的名词前有each,every等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

(一)名词physics (物理),maths(数学),news(新闻),means(方法),works(工厂)等一般被认为是形式是复数,意思是单数的名词,它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。

Every means has been tried.

(二)动名词、不定式、从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数。

1、When and where the new hospital will be built _____ a mystery.

A. to remain

B. remains

C. remain

D. is remaining

[解析] 正确答案B。动名词、不定式和从句做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。例如:To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。)Swimming is a good way to keep health. (游泳是个健身的好办法。)Who is her father is not known. (谁是她的父亲尚不得知。)在本句中主语从句做主语,因此动词要用单数形式。

(三)当主语是a number+of+复数名词时,谓语动词用复数;当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。

1、A number of cars _____ in front of my house.

A. was parked

B. were parking

C. is parking

D. are parked

[解析] 正确答案D。本题测试主谓一致。“a number of+可数名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数。本句大意为:许多辆车停在我房前。

(四)当主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接as well as,along with,together with,including,accompanied by等短语+名词(代词)时,主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响,主语是单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式时,谓语动词用复数。

1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.

2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then.

(五)当用and连接的名词前有each,every等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。当主语是each…and…,every…and every…,many a…and…结构时,谓语动词用单数。

1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.

2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

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我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

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5-6 5,nice to meet you 6, What make is it? 1, 主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构,She/ He/I t is… 2,了解一些常见国籍的拼读 3,This is …(一般用于将某人介绍给他人的句式) 4,Nice to meet you.(用于初次与朋友、同学见面的 问好) 5,认知一些汽车的品牌 6,国籍、汽车品牌要求会认读,其他单词及课文要求背 诵 7-8 7,Are you a teacher? 8,What’s your job? 1, 重点句型: Are you …?/ Wha t’s your job?/ What nationality are you? I’m…(介绍自己:名字,国籍以及职业等) 2,I am 的缩写(I’m) 3,不定冠词a, an 9-10 9, How are you today? 10, Look at… 1,重点句型: How are you?(朋友或相识的人之间见面时的寒暄话) 2,如何问候他人(How is …?) 3,nice to see you .(见面时的客气话) 4,Look at…(看…)。 5,第三人称代词与be动词的缩写。 6,L9、10的单词及L9的课文要求背诵。(L10的单词 是形容词,且相互之间是反义词) 11-12 11, Is this your shirt? 12, Whose is this/that…? 1, Whose ______ is that/this? 句型的掌握 2,掌握带形容词性物主代词的This is .. 句型。 3,所有格的认知和掌握 4,Here you are的灵活运用。 5,L11、12的单词、L11的课文及my、your、his、her 要求背诵 13-14 13,A new dress 14,What color’s your? 1, 掌握What color’s ________?句型以及回答。 2,掌握一些常见颜色。 3, 学习Here it is.并复习Here you are. 1,And 连接两个动词的用法。 2,单词和课文要求背诵。

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例:I haven’t got any fingers. = I have got no fingers. 我没有手指。 I haven’t got a long tail. = I have got no long tail. 我没有一条长尾巴。 2.none : 没有人;一个也没有;一点儿也没有 例:He has got many interesting books. I have got none. 他有很多有趣的书,我一本也没有。 三.不定代词either; both; all; neither; none 注意:either表示两者任选其一。 例:Which one do you want, an apple or a pear? Either is Okay. 你想要苹果还是梨?都可以。 Either of my parents will come to see you. 我爸爸或者妈妈会来见你。 不定代词的词组: 1.both … and …两者都…… 例:Both Lily and Linda are right. Lily和Linda都是对

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1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。

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He can only tell you how to do it. He can tell you how to do it only today. 8. hardly, scarcely, seldom, never本身为否定意义副词,注意使用。 Hardly had we left the station when it began to rain. 几个易混淆的副词: 1. easy: stand easy (= comfortably) easily: It can't be solved easily. 2. clear: The bullet went clear through the window (= directly) clearly: Clearly, he doesn't know anything about it. (= obviously) 3. high: He can jump very high.(高地) highly: We think highly of the good teacher.(高度地) 4. just: We have just know the news.(刚刚) justly: He was justly punished.(公正地) 5. hard: You must think hard.(努力地) hardly: He hardly knows about it.(几乎不) 6. pretty: He is not pretty sure about it.(非常) prettily: The girl is prettily dressed.(漂亮地) 7. near: He lives near the school.(附近)

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普通专升本考试英语复 习语法练习 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】

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主语so many people为复数。 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。 答案 B 3. Mr. Brown, and not I , ________ chosen to be the representative of the class。 A. is B. am C. are D. have been 主语 答案 A 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train。 A. was B. were C. would be D. have been

neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。 答案 A 5. The room is eight _______ long。 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets foot 英尺,复数形式 feet 答案 C 6. Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more。 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been ten days 作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式。(注意时态) 答案 A

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初中英语语法大全汇总 (一) 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。

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