英语句子结构

英语句子结构
英语句子结构

英语句子结构

音素—词汇—表达法—句子成分—段落—文章

注意:

主语的形式:名词,代词,the+形容词,the+分词,不定式,动名词,疑问句+不定式,For+

名词或宾格的代词+不定式(for him to study mathematics),介词短语(from eight

to tweleve),名词从句.

谓语:由简单动词或动词短语构成.(助动词或情态动词+主要动词) 英语中常用某些动词名词代替表动态的位于动词,以表生动.

宾语的形式:基本和主语的形式一致.多了一个副词(My friend came from afar to see me) 表语:在系表结构中,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,真正起谓语作用的是表语,也可以说是一种主语补语

补语的形式:名词,形容词或代用语,副词(my brother is out),分词

定语从句: 修饰名词,短语,从句,主句

状语从句: 修饰动词,分词,形容词,副词

名词可以充当:主语,宾语,主语补语(his father is a lawyer, he was elected President),宾语

补语(the class elected Jim its president.)

名词的代用词:动名词,代词,不定式,短语,从句

(主语和宾语)名词从句引导词:that, whether, if, who, whose, whom, which, what,

when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever.

动词可以充当:谓语

形容词可以充当:定语,补语,状语,表语,主语,感叹语

副词可以充当:状语,表语,定语,介词宾语,宾语补足语

副词可以修饰:动词(包括不定式,动名词,分词等动状词),形容词,副词,副

词短语,状语从句,修饰全句

介词词组可以充当:定语(须后置),状语,表语,宾补,另一介词的宾语,主语

介词的位置:1,动词+介词+名词,2,不及物动词+介词(往往构成及物动

词at, for, from, into, of, to, with )

介词的宾语:名词,代词,形容词,副词(from here, till recently, from below),

动名词(on doing, in reading),不定式(),

不定式可以充当:主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,状语, 不定式短语可以当作名

词短语,

动名词可以充当:主语,表语,动词宾语,介词宾语,定语,状语(放在介词后面,after getting up,本身不能做状语)

分词可以充当:定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语(前面可以有连词,as if, though, whether)

前后相关的词性:前面:名词,连接副词,介词

后面:从句,名词,介词

连词:包含副词性连词,代词性连词,关系代词,关系副词,关系形容词(whose daughter, what little),

难点: 1,主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语,主语+动词+间宾+直宾,后者可以改为to的形式; The tailor made John a suit. =The tailor made a suit to John

2,反意疑问句;She learns French, doesn't she He had a letter from home, didn't you

第一大类:系表结构;不及物动词的主谓结构

1, English is a difficult language (for me to learn.) !!!

主语(名词)+系动词+表语(名词)+(等于不定式) 状语

(Winning first place 'in the speech contest') was (his special ambition.)

主语(动名词短语)+系动词+表语(名词短语) 等于倒装句

2,I have been dreaming (during the night.)

主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词现在完成进行时态)+时间状语(介词短语)

3,I have fallen behind (in my class)

主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词现在完成时态)+修饰副词+地点状语(介词词组) 4,It is dangerous (for me to drive a car.) =to drive a car is dangerous for me.

形式主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+真正主语(等同不定式短语)=名词

for me to drive a car is dangerous.

5, (To understand English) is not difficult.

主语(不定式短语)+系动词+表语(形容词)

(For him to study mathematics) is a waste of time

主语(等同不定式短语)+系动词+表语(名词词组)

This book is (of great value.) Of great value=形容词!!!

主语(名词)+系动词+表语(介词短语)

6,I 'am tired (of' 'arguing with you')( all the time) !!!

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语

主语(代词)+谓语+宾语+状语老师

7,He 'was worried about' 'whether he passed the French examination.' !!!

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+从句"主+谓+宾语从句(连词引导)老师" 8,The lake is safe (to swim in)

主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+结果状语(不定式)

He is hesitant (to accept her proposal.)

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+方式状语(不定式短语)

He was very happy (to see his mother taken good care of) at home.

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+条件状语(不定式短语)

The writer is free (to work in whatever place and at whatever time "he chooses.") 主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+方式状语(不定式短语含定语从句修饰free) She is (sad for you) (to have acted so rashly)

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词短语)+原因状语(等同不定式短语)

She 'is apologetic (for' breaking the vase.) !!!

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+原因状语(介词短语) 主谓宾老师

He 'is blind to' his own mistake. !!!

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语) 主谓宾老师

He 'felt shame (for' his daughter "to have told lies") !!!

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+状语(等同不定式短语)

主谓宾+宾补老师系动词+形容词或形容词短语或名词短语=谓语

10,The rich are not always happier (than the poor.)

主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语修饰happier)

11,To sleep soundly "is (a good preparation") (for tomorrow.) !!!

主语(不定式短语)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(介词短语修饰preparation)

等同主谓结构

12,His hobby is (making model airplanes.)

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(动名词短语)

13,His hobby was (to collect autographs.)

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(不定式短语)

One "is to struggle for" one's living.

主语+谓语+宾语老师主系表-自认为

My idea is (to go there right today.)

主语+系动词+表语(不定式短语) 与上句比较.

14,He is a businessman (growing rich 'in recent years.')

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(现在分词短语)

He is (the greatest writer) (alive.)

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(形容词)

He is not the kind of man (to do such things.) !!! who may do such things 主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(不定式短语) (不定式短语=从句) I "am convinced of" his honesty. !!!

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词短语) 主谓宾老师

15,He was then a teacher respected (who was respected) by all his students. 主语(代词)+系动词+副词+表语(名词)+定语(过去分词短语含介词短语) 16,They "are satisfied with" their present job. !!!

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语) 主谓宾老师Ability is quite useless (without opportunity.)

主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+条件状语(介词短语修饰is)

He stood motionless for a few moments. 也能等同主谓状老师

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语修饰stood)

17,The man (writing something at the desk) is my cousin.

主语(名词)+定语(分词短语)+系动词+表语(名词)

The man (waiting for a bus) is (the principal of our school.)

主语(名词)+定语(现在分词连介词短语)+系动词+表语(名词短语)

The room (facing the yard) is her study.

主语(名词)+定语(现在分词短语)+系动词+表语(名词)

The book (being studied) is a classical novel. !!!

主语(名词)+定语(过去分词短语)+系动词+表语(名词)

An old man (with some teeth missing) (was sitting) "under the tree."

主语(名词)+定语(介词短语)+谓语+状语

18,The desire (to succeed) is strong (in youth.)

主语(名词)+定语(不定式)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语)

Her promise (to write) was forgotten. 主谓被动语态老师!!!

主语(代词)+定语(不定式)+系动词+表语(形容词)

19,A friend (who helps you 'in time of need') is (a real friend.)

主语(名词)+定语从句+系动词+表语(名词)

20,He was the first (to come) and the last (to leave.)

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(不定式短语)

20,He is (too poor) (to go abroad for further training.)

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+结果状语(不定式短语修饰poor) She was so naive (as to believe his words.) 副词as修饰后面不定式

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(不定式短语)

21,(An undutiful daughter) (will prove) (an unmanageable wife.)

主语(名词)+系动词+表语(名词)

22,Her regret is having done so much for him and being abandoned by him.

主语(代词)+系动词+表语(完成时态)+ 动名词(is)being abandoned

待整理:

The verdict appears (to be) just.

主语+系动词+表语(不定式)加强联系动词力量

I was so much surprised at it.

主语+系动词+表语(过去分词做形容词)+状语(介词短语)

I am very pleased with what he has done.

主语+系动词+表语(过去分词做形容词)+状语(介词短语)

They appear (out of breath.)

主语+系动词+表语(介词短语) 为什么

Are you going (to the station )

主语+谓语+状语(介词短语)

Are you sure (about the arrival time.)

主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语)

We will be lucky (to get there before dark.)

主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(不定式短语)

He had been in Germany for five years.

主语+系动词(过去完成时)+表语(介词短语)

My idea is (to go there right today.)

主语+系动词+表语(不定式短语)

Our dream has come true.

主语+系动词(现在完成)+表语(形容词)

He seems (to be working) very hard.

主语+系动词+表语(不定式短语)

She is not aware of your (being)动名词so lazy. =He is not aware that you are so lazy. 主语+系动词+表语+状语(介词短语含动名词) 或主谓宾

He was scolded for (telling) a lie. =He was scolded because he had told a lie.

主语+谓语(被动)+状语(介词短语含动名词)

This picture is of his own painting.

主语(名词)+系动词+表语

He is (above telling) a lie. (他耻于说谎)

主语+系动词+表语(介词短语含动名词)

Her eyes were tired (from long reading.)

主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语)

She sat up (reading) last night.

主语+谓语(不及物+介词)+主语补语(现在分词)

The child kept crying all night.

主语+系动词+表语(现在分词)主语补语

We are pleased (that much is changing in china for the better.)

主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+从句做宾语,或者主+谓+宾语从句(pleased后省略了at)

We are happy (to be part of this renewal process) (by what we teach our students.)

主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+宾语或原因状语(不定式短语)+状语(介词短语含从句

He is about to start for America.

主语+系动词+表语主谓宾不定式做介词的宾语

You (are to pay) your debt. 你应该还债be动词+不定式

主语+系动词+表语主谓宾

I should be happy (to be) of any service to you. =if I am of any service to you I should be happy. 主语+系动词+表语+状语(不定式)

He is (too ready to) criticize others. = He is very fond of criticizing others.

主语+系动词+表语+状语

Lincoln was born a poor farmer's boy and died President of United States.

主语+谓语+主语补语

He was taken for my brother.

主语+谓语+主语补语

The successful enterprise will go down (in local history) (as representing the best that our town can do.) 主语+谓语+状语+主语补语

He was regarded (as very promising.)

主语+谓语+补语

第二大类:主谓结构(不及物动词)

1,He kept waiting very long.

主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词)+主语补语(现在分词短语)+时间状语

He came (running) into the room.

主语(代词)+谓语+主语补语(现在分词短语)+地点状语

He admitted (taking the watch.)

主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(动名词) 与分词结构的对比,动名词经常后有宾语

2,A mouse ran (out) (from under the floor.)

主语(名词)+谓语+方位状语(副词)+地点状语(介词短语)

The sun rises (in the east.)

主语(名词)+谓语+方位状语(介词短语)

She left (shortly) after the meeting.

主语(代词)+谓语+副词(修饰介词短语)+时间状语(介词短语)

She grew up (to be a diplomat.)

主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词+介词或副词) +结果状语(不定式短语)

3,She remained (sitting alone in the dark)

主语(代词)+谓语+主语补语+状语(副词+介词短语构成)

4,He seemed disappointed.

主语(代词)+系动词+表语.

He turned away disappointed.

主语(代词)+谓语(不及物+副词)+状语(过去分词)

5,She read slowly but distinctly.

主语(代词)+谓语+状语(副词)

6, Men eat (to live), but not live (to eat.)

主语(代词)+谓语+状语(不定式) !!!

She has phoned to say that she will resign.

英语句子结构分析

第一讲英语句子结构分析 教学重点: 1:掌握五种基本句型 2:了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。 3:了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。 4:能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分:①简单句 S+V(主+谓) S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O(主+谓+宾) S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) ②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) II. 根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问

句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句) 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分:单个词汇 短语 从句 一.陈述句(五种句型) 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网 上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上 一隐君子叫网虫。

I. 常用作连系动词: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: 如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。

英语句子结构分析

英语句子结构分析 来源:中文翻译英文作者:翻译器时间:2012-07-06 (https://www.360docs.net/doc/d27568608.html,/kouyutingli/yulekouyu/20120706-11216.html) 英语句子结构分析 The English sentence structure analysis 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句,就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句,下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。 The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis. 1、简单句 In 1, the simple sentence 简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式: A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar. Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks. Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语Grammar is hell. Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell. 所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。 Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear. 2、并列句 In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词:and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise,but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子,一般情况下是以连词为界限,将句子分成前、后几个部分,并分别来分析,各句的意思一般可

初中英语句子结构

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