英文诗体裁

英文诗体裁
英文诗体裁

英文诗体裁

[一] 诗的格律等知识

一、诗的格律

格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”,是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式,也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为

扬(重),在音节上用“-”或“ˊ”标示,非重读音节为抑(轻),在音节上用“)”标示,音步之间可用“/”隔开。以下是五种常见格式:

1.抑扬格(轻重格)Iambus:是最常见的一种格式,每个音步由一个非重读音节加

一个重读音节构成。

As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,

So deep / in luve / am I :

And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear,

Till a` / the seas / gang dry:

Robert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose

注;art=are;luve=love???bonnie=beautiful???a`=all???gang=go

上例中为四音步与三音步交叉,可标示为:)-/)-/)-/()-)

2.扬抑格(重轻格)Trochee:每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。

下例中为四音步扬抑格(少一个轻音节),可标示为:-)/-)/-)/-

Tyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright

In the / forests / of the / night

William Blake: The Tyger

3.抑抑扬格(轻轻重格)Anapaestic foot: 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音

节构成。如:三音步抑抑扬格))-/))-/))-

Like a child / from the womb,

Like a ghost / from the tomb,

I arise / and unbuild / it again.

4.扬抑抑格(重轻轻格)Dactylic foot:?每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节

构成。如:两音步扬抑抑格-))/-))

ˊTouch her not/ˊscornfully,

ˊThink of her?/ˊmournfully.

-- Thomas Hood

5.抑扬抑格(轻重轻格)Amphibrach:每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如:三音步抑扬抑格)-)/)-)/)-)

下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。

Oˊhush thee/ myˊbabie / thyˊsire was / a knight.

在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律,格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。

二、诗的押韵

押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。

1.尾韵:最常见,最重要的押韵方式。

1.联韵:aabb型。

I shot an arrow into the air,

It fell to earth, I knew not where;

For, so swiftly it flew, the sight

Could not follow it in its flight.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song

2)交叉韵:abab型。

Sunset and evening star,

And one clear call for me!

And may there be no moaning of the bar,

When I put out to sea,

Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar

3)同韵:有的诗押韵,一韵到底,大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。

如下例就共用/i:p/为韵脚。

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep.

Robert Frost (1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

2.?头韵:是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音相同,形成押韵。下例中运用/f/、/b/与/s/头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。

The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,

The furrow followed free,

We were the first that ever burst

Into that silent sea.

T.S. Coleridge: Rime of the Acient Mariner

3.内韵(同元音):指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。

下面一节诗中/i/及/iη/重复照应,呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。

Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king;

Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,

Cold dath not sting, the pretty birds do sing:

Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!

Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring

三、诗的体式

有的诗分成几节(stanza),每节由若干诗行组成(每行诗均以大写字母开头);有

的诗则不分节。目前我们常见的诗体有:

1.十四行诗(Sonnet),源于中世纪民间抒情短诗,十三、十四世纪流行于意大利,意大利彼特拉克(Petrarch)为代表人物,每行十一个音节,全诗一节八行,加一节六行,韵脚用abba,abba,cdcdcd(cdecde)。前八行提问,后六行回答。

后来,怀亚特(Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542)将十四行诗引人英国,五音步抑扬

格,全诗三个四行一个二行,前三节提问,后二句结论。斯宾塞(Edmund

Spenser,1552-1599)用韵脚 abab,bcbc,cdcd,ee。莎士比亚(William

Shakespeare,1564-1616)用韵脚abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg,称英国式或莎士比亚式。

2.打油诗(Limericks):通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌,一般没有标题也无作者姓名,含有幽默讽刺性,常运用双关,内韵等手法。每首诗五个诗行,押韵为aabba,格律以

抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。

1) There was a young lady of Nigger

Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;

They returned from the ride

With the lady inside,

And the smile on the face of the tiger.

2) A tutor who taught on the flute

Tried to teach two tooters to toot,

“Is it harder to toot, or

Said the two to the tutor,

To tutor two tooters to toot。”

3.无韵体(Blank Verse):五音步抑扬格,不押韵诗体。

Across the watery bale , and shout again,

Responsive to his call, -- with quivering peals,

And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud.

Redoubled and redoubled:concourse wild

Of joc und din!…

William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy

4.自由诗(Free Verse):现代诗中常见的体式,长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中,不讲究押韵与格律,只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。美国诗人

Walt&8226;Whitman的《草叶集》(Leaves of Grass)中,就采用此格式。

四、诗的评判

对一首诗,个人的感受会有不同。节奏流畅,语言精炼,联想新颖的诗可算是好诗。堆砌词藻,一味抒发感情而无实际内容的诗,只能是下乘的诗。

二十世纪英美诗歌大量采用自由诗体,接近口语,可谓大胆创新,大概也是诗歌发展的大势所趋吧。

再介绍一些英语诗律

一、自由诗

三特征:(1)无韵(2)音数或音步不拘(3)行数参差

二、诗行的长短

1、偶音行

(1)十二音:亚历山大式(alexandrine),源于12世纪《亚历山大故事诗》(2)十音、八音

2、奇音行

十三音、十一音、九音

3、短行

七、六、五、四、三、二音

4、长短行(此处指有规则的长短行)

*跨行法:一个句子分跨两行或多行(抛词法:只留一个词抛到另一行)

三、音步(foot)

希腊、拉丁语一个长音和一个或两个短音结合,构成音步。法语无长短音,故一个音

算作一步。英国用重、轻音和希腊长、短音相当。若干音步构成诗行,这叫“步律(meter)”

普通步律四种(x 表示轻音):

1.轻重律:

(1)淹波律(iambic or iambus):一轻一重律 x a x a x a

(2)阿那贝律(anapest):二轻一重律 x x a x x a x x a

2.重轻律:

(1)特罗凯律(trochee) :一重一轻律 a x a x a x

(2)德提尔律(dactyl):二重一轻 a x x a x x a x x (此处我疑)

*外加律:每行之末有一个多余的“轻音”,则这轻音不算入音步之内

四、韵脚的构成

1、常韵:甲行最后音节里的元音(母音)和乙行最后音节里的元音(母音)完全相同。如果元音后面带

一两个辅音,则辅音也必须相同。

2、贫韵:不依照正常押韵规矩,押韵处不够谐和。

(1)协音(assonance):只有元音相同,词的收尾辅音不同

(2)协字(alliteration):只有辅音相同,元音不同

3、富韵:非但前一行末一个元音与另一行相同,且那元音前面的辅音也相同。或非但末一个音节整

个相同,倒数第二个音节的元音也相同。

4、阴阳韵:韵脚只有一个音节叫阳韵,含有两到三个音节,叫阴韵。

5、句首韵

*素诗(blank verse):通常每行十个音,无韵,音步整齐。如莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》,弥尔顿《失乐园》。

五、韵脚的位置:

1、记韵法:

(1)一首诗分为n段,每段押韵方式和韵脚完全相同,记作 n abab

(2)一首诗分为n段,每段押韵方式相同,韵脚不同,记作*n abab

(3)大写字母表示全行重叠,如AbbaA

(4)大写的R表示每段煞尾的结句

2、随韵:aabb(法文rimes suivies,法诗中古典悲剧里的韵式)

(1)四行随韵:*n aabb

(2)偶体诗:*n aa (英诗五步淹波律偶体称“英雄偶体”)

(3)三随式:*n aaa

3、交韵:abab(法文rimes croisées,西洋诗正则)

(1)双交 abab

*英诗“英雄四行”:四行五步淹波律双交

*法国古代“巴律(Ballade)”:3ababbcbc+bcbc

*terza-rima(《神曲》所用韵式):aba bcb cdc ded ee

4、抱韵:abba(法文rimes enbrassées,十四行诗正则)

5、杂体:

(1)遥韵:隔开不止两句押韵

(2)交随相杂:

*ottava rima 八行诗:abababcc

*rime royal stanza 皇家诗:ababbcc

*Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞式:ababbcbcc

(3)交抱相杂:如ababccb

(4)随抱相杂:如abbccb

(5)交随抱相杂:如ababccdeed

6、叠句(refrain)

*记法:

(1)叠句地方以大写字母为记,如AbbaA

(2)大写字母后面加一撇,表示另一叠句。如ABA’B’BCB’C’…(B和B’韵同,句子不同)

(3)有时用表示段末的叠句

*叠句最多的诗是“旧法国式(old French forms) ”如:

(1)“回环曲”(rondeau): aabba aabR aabbaR

(2)“小回环”(rondel): Abab baAB ababAB

(3)“伦电”(roundel): abaB bab abaB

(4)“三叠曲”(triolet): ABaAabAB

(5)“村歌”(villanelle): AbA’abA abA’abA abA’abAA’

(6)“潘敦”(pantoum): ABA’B’BCB’C’CDC’D’DED’E’EFE’F’FGF’G’GBG’A’

*半叠句:后半句相同

7、英诗诗行高低:因韵脚不同而成

商籁(十四行诗)、回环曲可分三层高低,其他无论多少韵,都只能有两层高低。

六、商籁(sonnet十四行诗,发源于意大利)

(一)分段:

a. 4+4+3+3 (意、法)

b. 8+6 (英)

c. 4+4+6

d. 14

(二)音数:

a. 十二音:“亚历山大体”,法国派最常用

b. 英国派:五步淹波律,十音

c. 十一、九、八、七、六、五皆可,只要各行音数相同(三)韵式:

(1)正式:

前八行:abba abba

后六行:<1>法国派(1) 继承意大利ccd eed

(2)法诗自身ccd ede

<2>英国派(1)弥尔顿式cde cde

(2) 济慈式cdc dcd

(2)正中之变:

abba abba cdc dee abba abba ccd cdc abba abba cdd ccd abba abba cdd cee abba abba cdc ede abba abba ccd dee

abba abba cdd cdc

(3)变式:

<1>小变(韵脚变,韵式不变)

(1)前八行四个韵脚,如:abba cddc eef ggf abba cddc eef gfg

(2)前八行三个韵脚,如:abba cbbc abba acca abba bccb

(3)前八行两个参差韵脚:abba baab

<2>大变(韵脚、韵式都变)

A. 前八行用交韵

(1)前八行两个韵脚:abab abab

(2)前八行两个参差韵脚:abab baba

(3)前八行三个韵脚:abab acac abab cbcb

(4)前八行四个韵脚:abab cdcd

B. 前八行用随韵

(1) 前八行两个韵脚:aabb aabb

(2) 前八行四个韵脚:aabb ccdd

(4)其他

a. 莎士比亚式:abab cdcd efef gg(前三段三个“英雄四行”,末一段一个“英雄偶体”)

b.斯宾塞式:abab bcbc cdcd ee(前三段三个“英雄四行”用钩韵interlocked by rime,末一段一个“

英雄偶体”)

c .西德尼式:abab abab cdc

d ee

[二] 英语诗歌的韵律

英语诗歌的韵律dasha英诗节奏(Rhythm)

构成英诗节奏的基础是韵律(metre)。在希腊语中,“metre”这个字是“尺度(标谁)”的意思。英诗就是根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏作为“尺度(标准)”来计算韵律的。

英诗的特点之一是与其他文体不同的排列格式。各诗行不达到每页页边,每行开始词首大写。几行成为一节(stanza),不分段落。各行都要讲究一定的音节数量,行末押韵或不押韵,交错排列。

……音节重读(stressed),非重读(unstressed)。……这就是一种正规的重读形式,在诗歌中即体现为韵律。研究诗歌韵律规则的科学叫作韵律学(Prosody)。

1.音步(Foot):

英诗中这种重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节,但不能少于两个或多于三个音节,而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步,并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。这种音步划分叫scansion。根据一首英诗组成的音步数量,每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer);每一诗行有两个音步的,称“双音步”(dimeter);含有三个音步的,称“三音步”(trimeter);此外还有四音步(tetrameter)、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。

Is this | a fast, | to keqp

The lard | or lean

And clean? (Herrick)

2.韵律(Metre):英诗的韵律是依据音步包含音节的数量及重读音节的位置而加以区分的。传统英诗的音步有六种:即抑扬格(Lambus)、扬抑格(Trochee)、抑抑扬格(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach):

(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach):

“⌒”非重读音节;“/”重读音节。

涂寿鹏编著 , 《英文诗歌导读》

英诗的韵

英语诗歌的押韵可以根据单词的内音素重复的部位不同而分成不同种类,最常见的有头韵(Alliteration)、谐元韵(Assonance)和尾韵(Rhyme)。头韵指词首重复,如great和grew;谐元韵是指词中重读元音重复,如great和fail;尾韵则指词尾音素重复,如great和bait。但一行诗中可能同时存在多种押韵形式:

The light that lies in women's eyes. --Thomas Moore

这行诗中既有头韵light和lies,谐元韵light、lies、eyes,又有且有尾韵(这种押韵方式称行中韵middle rhyme)lies和eyes。

英语诗歌的行与行之间的押韵格式称韵法(rhyming scheme)。常见有两行转韵(AABB)、隔行押韵(ABCB)、隔行交互押韵(ABAB)和交错押韵(ABBA)。

(Dasha整理)

英诗体例:

十四行诗(sonnet):过去也曾音译为《商籁诗》。十四行,抑扬格,五音步用作全诗的形式。首先出现于意大利,16世纪中传入英国,为伊丽莎白时代(伊丽莎白一世在位时期为1558一1603)文人所宠爱,莎士比亚、斯宾塞及西德尼(sidney)全都写下过著名的十四行诗。18世纪十四行诗曾受到冷落。但后又被浪漫派诗人济慈、沃兹沃斯等人所复兴,以后许多诗人也多所采用。英国十四行诗有两种类型:意大利式(Petrarvhan)及莎士比业式(Shakesperoan)(英国式)。 A.意大利式十四行诗:模仿意大利诗人皮特拉克(Petrarch)所创的样式,由两部分组成:第一部分八行(TheOctave),由的个四行诗体(Quatrains)组成,韵脚是abbaabba;第二部分六行(The Sestet),韵脚可有不同形式。按严格的意大利十四行诗体,在前八行结尾诗意应告一段落,而后六行又转入新的诗意。 B.莎士比亚式十四行诗:由三个四行诗体组成,韵脚交替进行。最后是押韵的双行诗体。整个韵脚是ababcdcdefefgg。在莎士比亚式十四行诗中意境一气呵成,直到最后双行体,为全诗高潮。除莎士比亚外,其他诗人也采用此种形式。

SONNET 21

So is not with me as with that Muse,

Stirr'd by a painted beauty to his verse,

Who heaven itself for ornament doth use

And every fair with his fair doth rehearse,

Making a couplement of proud compare,

With sun and moon, with earth and sea's rich gems.

With April's first-born flowers, and all things rare

That heaven's air in this huge rondure hems.

O, let metrue in love, but truly write,

And then believe me, my love is as fair

As any mother's child, though not so bright

As those gold candles fix'd in heaven’s air.

Let them say more that like of hearsay well;

I will not praise that purpose not to sell.

(Shakespaere)

《十四行诗集》第21首

我的诗神①并不像那一位持神

只知运用脂粉涂抹他的诗句,

连苍穹也要搬下来作妆饰品,

罗列每个佳丽去称赞他的佳丽,

用种种浮夸的比喻作成对偶,

把他之太阳、月亮、海陆的瑰宝,

四月的鲜花,和这浩荡的宇宙

蕴藏在它的怀里的一切奇妙。

哦,让我既真心爱,就真心歌唱,

而且,相信我,我的爱可以媲美

任何母亲的儿子,虽然论明亮

比不上挂在天空的金色烛台。

谁喜欢空话,让他尽说个不穷;

我志不在出售,自用不着祷颂。

见《梁宗岱译诗集》,第107页,湖南人民出版社,1983年版。①(原译注)诗神:即诗人,下面用男性代词“他”字。

涂寿鹏编著 , 《英文诗歌导读》 , 第38页

哀歌 elegy 为哀悼一位公共活动家、一位友人或所爱的人而写的一种沉思抒情诗;推

而广之,又指悲叹人世无常的、题材更广泛的任何内省性质的抒情诗。在古典文学中,所谓哀歌只不过用哀歌格律(诗行交替使用扬抑抑格的六音步句和五音步句)写的诗篇,题材也不限制。在某些现代文学,例如德国文学中,人们使哀歌格律适应于语言,因

此哀歌一词变成只指这种格律,而不是指诗歌的内容。

《简明不列颠百科全书》中国大百科全书出版社1985年版170页

? 超星存其它可参阅的读物(Dasha注:文中许多概念不统一,请注意,以其中英文的定义为准):

谢祖钧 , 《英语修辞》 , 1988年6月第1版 , 第151-179页

王佐良丁往道 , 《英语文体学引论》 , 1987年12月第1版 , 第365-385页

陈淑华 , 《英语修辞与翻译(英汉对照)》 , 1990年6月第1版 , 第321-324页

徐鹏 , 《英语辞格》 , 1996年10月第1版 , 第341-450页

梁守涛《英诗格律浅说》商务印书馆1979

Metrics in English Poetry By Samuel Schuman, Univ. of MN, Morris

Metrics How to go about the analysis of the rhythm, the meter and the rhyme scheme of an English poem.

(作者通篇都是用下面这首简单的小诗来介绍诗歌)

A Stupid Poem

I put my hat upon my head And walked into the strand And there I met another man Whose hat was in his hand.

First, divide the lines into syllables(音节), and count them:

I / put / my / hat / up/on / my / head (8) And / walked / in/to / the / strand (6) And / there / I / met / a/noth/er / man (8) Whose / hat / was / in / his / hand (6)

(诗歌分析的第一步是划分音节。对我们这样非英语母语的人可能有点困难。基本的方法是一个元音一个音节,例如 upon是两个音节,another是三个音节。有的时候诗人为了强调方言等原因,会使用省略字,这种情况就要具体问题具体分析了。也有的时候是为了凑音节而省略的)

Which syllables are accented or “stressed?”(重读)

“Stress” in English poetic metrics means “said loudly.” It has nothing to do with the tension in your life. The symbol u means unstressed; the symbol / means stressed(诗歌里的重读,与一个单词本身发音里的重读未必是一回事。一般来说,重读的词,都是有实际意义,在句子中起重要作用的词。只要听清重读的词,就能够理解一句话的意思。比如第一句,听清了 put/hat/pon/head 这四个字就大致知道说的是什么,而只听清楚 I/my/u/my 这四个字的话......)

u / u / u / u /

u / u / u / u / I put my hat upon my head u / u / u / And walked into the strand u / u / u / u / And there I met another man u / u / u / Whose hat was in his hand

Notice the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables:

In this poem, there is a repeated pattern of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable: (在这首诗里面,总是一个重读的音节跟着一个非重读的音节)

I PUT / my HAT / upON / my HEAD

The smallest unit (always 2 or 3 syllables) of repeated patterned stress is called a “poetic foot.”(音步? 我译的对吗?) Here, the first foot is “I put” the second “my hat” and so on.(若干个重读/非重读的音节重复出现,就构成了诗歌里最小的组成部分 - 音步)

In this idiotic poem, the lines are made up of alternating numbers of “feet:” Line 1 has 4 feet, line 2 has 3 feet, line 3 has 4 feet, and line 4 has 3 feet.(这首诗的音步是交替的四音步/三音步)

Here, I’ve indicated the “feet:”

I put * my hat * upon * my head (4 ft.) And walked * into * the strand (3) And there * I met * anoth*er man (4) Whose hat * was in * his hand (3)

Types of Poetic Feet

u / Iambic (抑扬格) - unstressed, stresssed (u /) - re peat

/ u Trochaic (扬抑格) - (/ u) - un it

u u / Anapestic(抑抑扬格) - (u u /) - in ter cede

/ u u Dactylic(抑扬扬格) - (/ u u) - wash ing ton (这个单词字典上没查到,是我自己杜撰的)

/ / Spondaic(扬扬格) - (/ /) - heart break

Types of Poetic Lines (Number of Feet)(下面就简单了,学过字根的应该都认识哦。单音步,二音步,以次类推。)Monometer - 1 foot (e.g. “I put.”) Dimeter - 2 (I put my hat) Trimeter - 3 (I put my hat upon) Tetrameter - 4 (I put my hat upon my head) Pentameter - 5 Hexameter - 6 Heptameter - 7So...for example, “trochaic tetrameter(扬抑格四音步)” is a line with 4 feet (8 syllables) with a pattern of stress-unstress in each foot: (一句题外话,中文的什么五音步抑扬格,除了考试,还得是中文考试,或者骗骗MM, 一点用处也没有。)

/ u * / u * / u * / u Lovely Morris figures rebates

and, “iambic pentameter” means five feet (10 syllables) with each foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable:

u / * u / * u /*u /* u / “Which alters when it alteration finds”

Most of Shakespeare’s verse is “iambic pentameter.” (知道莎翁用的大部分是五音步抑扬格,就可以开始骗人喽)

What is the form of the “stupid poem” we have been examining?

u / u / u / u / I put * my hat * upon * my head u / u / u / And walked * into * the strand u / u / u / u / And there * I met *anoth*er man u / u / u / Whose hat * was in * his hand.

ANSWER:It is all iambic, with alternating lines of TETRAMETER (4 feet - lines 1 & 3) and TRIMETER (3 feet - lines 2 & 4). No problem, right?

And now, for something easier--

Rhyme Schemes(韵律安排?)The sound of the last syllable of every line is assigned a letter, beginning with “a”(韵律划分是诗歌分析的关键。每一行的最后一个音节是一个韵律,用字母表示。第一个韵律是a, 以次类推。遇到和前面重复的韵律就用和前面相同的字母标记。)

I put my hat upon my head (a) And walked into the strand (b) And there I met another man (c) Whose hat was in his hand (b) The rhyme scheme is: a b c b

Stanzas(节)

The combination of rhythm (that is, “iambic, trochaic, dactylic”, etc.), meter (that is, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, etc.), and rhyme scheme (for example, “a b c b”) can create certain stanzaic forms which have become accepted poetic conventions.(又是一个很重要的概念。简单的说,一个 rhyme scheme 就可以当作一个 stanza)

Some of these historically important stanza forms in English poetry are:

Couplets(对句)Any two lines which rhyme, regardless of rhythm and meter(couplets 是诗歌最早的形式,压韵即可)

Example of a COUPLET

Candy Is dandy

Heroic Couplet(我找不到准确的译法,好象是英雄双韵体英雄双句体)Two lines which rhyme (a couplet) which are written in iambic pentameter. The “Heroic Couplet”was the dominant form of English poetry in the 18th century, and lots of authors from Chaucer to the present have used this form.

Example of an HEROIC COUPLET英雄双韵体

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英语诗歌赏析:Whatever You Say, Say Nothing

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(完整版)英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)

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<普通版>: 你说你爱雨, 但当细雨飘洒时你却撑开了伞; 你说你爱太阳, 但当日当空时你却往荫处躲; 你说你爱风, 但当它轻拂时你却紧紧地关上了自己的窗子; 所以当你说你也爱我,我却会为此而烦忧。 <文艺版>: 你说烟雨微芒,兰亭远望;后来轻揽婆娑,深遮霓裳。你说春光烂漫,绿袖红香;后来内掩西楼,静立卿旁。你说软风轻拂,醉卧思量;后来紧掩门窗,漫帐成殇。你说情丝柔肠,如何相忘;我却眼波微转,兀自成霜。<诗经版>: 子言慕雨,启伞避之。 子言好阳,寻荫拒之。 子言喜风,阖户离之。 子言偕老,吾所畏之。 <离骚版>: 君乐雨兮启伞枝,君乐昼兮林蔽日, 君乐风兮栏帐起,君乐吾兮吾心噬。 <七言绝句版>:

中国诗翻译成英文

1.The West Lake in June,when all is said and done For all the seasons never the same is the scene The lotus leaves touching the sky in boundless green The lotus flowers specially red in shining sun 毕竟西湖六月中 风光不与四时同 接天莲叶无穷碧 映日荷花别样红 2.I Left home when a mere stripling,and returned in old age. My native accents remained unchanged,but my ear-lock had grown thin. The children could not recognize me when they saw me. They asked smilingly ,"From where did you come?" 《回乡偶书》 少小离家老大回, 乡音无改鬓毛衰。 儿童相见不相识, 笑问客从何处来。 3.《枫桥夜泊》 月落乌啼霜满天, 江枫渔火对愁眠。 姑苏城外寒山寺, 夜半钟声到客船。 Maple Bridge Night The moon vanishes The crows chats As autumn struts Maples on the riverside Bring out the shine of boat lights In sorrow, I cannot sleep at night Outside of Gusu City

英语诗歌鉴赏课教学设计

Teaching Plan for Poetry Appreciation Class < A Perfect Day > Wuxi NO.3 Senior School Grade Two By Wu Yan

A Perfect Day When you come to the end of a perfect day, And you sit alone with your thought, While the bells ring out with a carol gay, For the joy that the day has brought Do you think what the end of a perfect day Can mean to a tired heart, When the sun goes down with a flaming ray, And the dear friends have to part? Well, this is the end of a perfect day, Near the end a journey too; But it leaves a thought that is big and strong, with a wish that is kind and true. For memory has painted this perfect day, With colors that never fade, And we find at the end of a perfect day, The soul of a friend we’ve made

经典英文诗歌赏析(全)

经典英文诗歌赏析(全) 一 nothing gold can stay 1简介:《美景易逝(Nothing Gold Can Stay)》罗伯特弗罗斯特 的代表作之一。此诗于1923年写就,即于当年十月在《耶鲁杂志(The Yale Review)》上刊印出版,随后就被收录到弗罗斯特的一本名为 《新罕布什尔州(New Hampshire)》的诗集中。 2诗歌翻译: Nothing gold can stay 岁月留金 Nature's first green is gold, 大自然的第一抹新绿是金, Her hardest hue to hold. 也是她最无力保留的颜色.。 Her early leaf's a flower; 她初发的叶子如同一朵花,; But only so an hour. 不过只能持续若此一刹那。 Then leaf subsides leaf, 随之如花新叶沦落为旧叶。 So Eden sank to grief. 由是伊甸园陷入忧伤悲切, So down gose down to day, 破晓黎明延续至晃晃白昼。 Nothing gold can stay. 宝贵如金之物岁月难保留。 3诗歌赏析:这首诗揭示了一切真切而美好的事物最终定会逐渐消失的哲理。它同时也使用了独特的技巧来表现了季节的变化。想到了 小时了了,大未必佳。一切都是转瞬即逝的,浮世有的仅仅转丸般的 繁华。 二 the road not taken 1诗歌简介:这首名诗《The Road NotTaken》形式是传统的抑扬 格四音步,但音步可变(含有很多抑抑扬的成分);每节的韵式为abaab 。

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古诗词英文翻译 送杜少府之任蜀州 城阙辅三秦,风烟望五津。 与君离别意,同是宦游人。 海内存知己,天涯若比邻。 无为在歧路,儿女共沾巾。 FAREWELL TO VICE-PREFECT DU SETTING OUT FOR HIS OFFICIAL POST IN SHU By this wall that surrounds the three Qin districts, Through a mist that makes five rivers one, We bid each other a sad farewell, We two officials going opposite ways…… And yet, while China holds our friendship, And heaven remains our neighbourhood, Why should you linger at the fork of the road, Wiping your eyes like a heart-broken child? 鹊桥仙 纤云弄巧,飞星传恨,银汉迢迢暗度。 金风玉露一相逢,便胜却人间无数。 柔情似水,佳期如梦, 忍顾鹊桥归路. 两情若是久长时,又岂在朝朝暮暮! Immortal at the Magpie Bridge Clouds float like works of art; Stars shoot with grief at heart. Across the Milky Way the Cowherd meets the Maid, When autumn’s Golden Wind embraces Dew of Jade, All the love scenes on earth, however many, fade. Their tender love flows like a stream; This happy date seems but a dream. Can they bear a separate homeward way? If love between both sides can last for age,

英语小诗10首

英语小诗10首 1.Life By Langston Hughes Life can be good, Life can be bad, Life is mostly cheerful, But sometimes sad. Life can be dreams, Life can be great thoughts; Life can mean a person, Sitting in court. Life can be dirty, Life can even be painful; But life is what you make it, So try to make it beautiful. 生活 作者:兰斯顿·休斯 生活可能美满, 生活可能悲伤, 生活常常充满欢乐, 但有时令人沮丧。 生活可能是梦幻一场, 生活可能是智慧结晶; 生活也可能将一个人 送上被告法庭。 生活可能丑陋, 生活甚至可能痛苦; 但生活是你自己创造, 所以努力创造幸福。 2.A Question Some people live in the country Where the houses are very small

Some people live in the city Where the houses are very tall But in the country where the houses are small The gardens are very big And in the city where the houses are tall There are no gardens at all Where do you live? 3.Bell little bell, very warm, guests come, Dingling Dingling, Smile to them and say "Welcome !Welcome!" 门玲 小门玲, 真热情, 客人来了, 丁零,丁零, 笑对客人说: 欢迎,欢迎 4.英语小诗 William Blake/威廉.布莱克 To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild fllower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour. 从一粒沙子看到一个世界, 从一朵野花看到一个天堂, 把握在你手里的就是无限, 永恒也就消融于一个时辰。 5. Rain

中国古诗名英文翻译对照

中国古诗中英文翻译对照 2009-12-16 19:57 来自《英译唐诗名作选》作者:龚景浩 爱国华侨龚景浩先生数年前曾在商务印书馆出版《英译中国古词精选》,受到读者的欣赏和欢迎。他虽超过古稀之年,体力渐衰,但仍坚持诗歌翻译的爱好。夜间常失眠,默诵唐诗,译成英文诗来消遣。 静夜思李白 Musings on a Quiet Night Li Bai 游子吟孟郊 For Her Son Who'll Be Away for a While Meng Jiao 春晓孟浩然 Spring Morn Meng Haoran 登鹳雀楼王之涣 Going up the Stork Tower Wang Zhihuan 相思王维 Love's Yearnings Wang Wei 悯农二首(一) 李绅 Sympathy for the Peasants ( I ) Li Shen 悯农二首(二) 李绅 Sympathy for the Peasants ( H ) Li Shen 竹里馆王维 A Cottage Among Bamboos Wang Wei 寻隐者不遇贾岛 Visiting a Recluse but Finding Him out Jia Dao 江雪柳宗元 Snow on the River Liu Zongyuan 回乡偶书(一) 贺知章 Random Homecoming Writings ( Ⅰ ) He Zhizhang 九月九日忆山东兄弟王维 Missing My Brothers on Double Ninth Day Wang Wei 乐游原李商隐 A Spin Round Ancient Plain Li Shangyin 赋得古原草送别白居易 Seeing off a Friend at Ancient Plain Bai Juyi 山中送别王维 Seeing off an Old Friend from These Mountains Wang Wei 淮上与友人别郑谷 Parting from a Friend at Yangzhou Zheng Gu 送杜少府之任蜀川王勃 Sending off a Friend Who Has Been Appointed a County-Level Official in Far-Away Sichuan Wang Bo 望月怀远张九龄 Gazing at the Moon and Thinking of Someone Faraway

《I am Afraid》一首英语诗歌的翻译-让人体会难以言喻的中国文字之美

一首英语诗歌的翻译,让人体会难以言喻的中国文字之美 【原文】: You say that you love rain, but you open your umbrella when it rains. You say that you love the sun, but you find a shadow spot when the sun shines. You say that you love the wind, but you close your windows when wind blows. This is why I am afraid, you say that you love me too. 译一(普通版) 你说你爱雨, 但当细雨飘洒时你却撑开了伞; 你说你爱太阳, 但当它当空时你却看见了阳光下的暗影; 你说你爱风, 但当它轻拂时你却紧紧地关上了自己的窗子; 你说你也爱我, 而我却为此烦忧。 译二(文艺版): 你说烟雨微芒,兰亭远望; 后来轻揽婆娑,深遮霓裳。 你说春光烂漫,绿袖红香; 后来内掩西楼,静立卿旁。 你说软风轻拂,醉卧思量; 后来紧掩门窗,漫帐成殇。 你说情丝柔肠,如何相忘; 我却眼波微转,兀自成霜。 译三(诗经版): 子言慕雨,启伞避之。 子言好阳,寻荫拒之。 子言喜风,阖户离之。 子言偕老,吾所畏之。

译四(离骚版): 君乐雨兮启伞枝,君乐昼兮林蔽日,君乐风兮栏帐起,君乐吾兮吾心噬。 译五(七言绝句版): 恋雨却怕绣衣湿,喜日偏向树下倚。欲风总把绮窗关,叫奴如何心付伊。 译六(七律压轴版): 江南三月雨微茫,罗伞叠烟湿幽香。夏日微醺正可人,却傍佳木趁荫涼。霜风清和更初霁,轻蹙蛾眉锁朱窗。怜卿一片相思意,尤恐流年拆鸳鸯。

英文诗歌鉴赏

The commentary of The Passionate Shepherd to His Love This term, we took the English Poem course, in which Mr. Luo guided us fling in the poem world to appreciate the beauty of poems. In all of the poems we have learnt, I appreciate The Passionate Shepherd to His Love most. Yet I really don’t know how to appreciate a poem. Indeed, I haven’t got to the level to appreciate poems. So, I just write my own understanding to this beautiful poem. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, was written by Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593○)who was an English dramatist and poet,translator of the Elizabethan area, born in Canterbury,England, died in Deptford, England. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian until his mysterious early death. Marlowe greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe’s death. Marlowe’s plays are known for the use of blank verse, and their overreaching protagonists. Marlowe was the first great English Dramatist. He brought to the English stage a new concept of tragedy, one in which the drama centers around the struggles of a man overwhelmed by his passions and ambitions. ○2This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English literature. It derives from the pastoral tradition, in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal country life, cherishing a pastoral and pure affection for his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature where lovers are not disturbed by worldly concern. The first time I read the poem, I just thought it was too directly for the shepherd to express his love to the girl he loved. For me, if I were the girl, I would not accept the shepherd’s love because his love was so intensely that I don’t know how to respond his love. But the second I read it carefully, almost word by word. I was deeply moved by the shepherd’s real and pure love. In the world he created for himself and his love, the girl lived an ease life like a princess. He showed a picture on what he would promise if she accepts to be his love. There was a heavenly like scene in the picture, he imagined them sitting upon the rocks, watching the other busy shepherd who had to work hard, and they relaxed themselves by listening to the birds' singing, and seeing the river falls. The shepherd also ensured her that he is willing to do whatever it takes to please her. He was so infatuated with the girl that I am a little jealous of her. The girl was so lucky to be loved by such a infatuated and romantic man. The structure of the poem is very clear. The poetry started out with a direct initiation. The speaker showed his purpose clearly, which is asking the woman he admired to be his lover. The following stanza showed a picture on what he would promise if she accepts to be his love. Then he drew different scenes when they were together. The shepherd also ensured her that he is willing to do whatever it takes to please her. This could be seen from the line 9~18. He made promises on difficult mission such as making bed of roses, thousand fragrant posies, and leaves of myrtle, coral clasps and amber studs…ext. From line 19, it responded to the idea of the first stanza that is to persuade the woman to be his love and to live with him. The repeating sentences "come live with me and be my love," may work as the function of emphasizing, and expression of eagerness. The style and writing type of the poem is very good. This poem is a typical pastoral, that is, a type of poem that deals in an idealized way with shepherds and rustic life. It sings

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