新编英美概况(许鲁之)Chapter 6 word for PPT
Chapter 6
American Expansion and the Civil War
1. The Louisiana Purchase
?Completed 1803,
?Negotiated by Robert Livingston during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson
?Acquired from France for $11,250,000.
?A vast region of more than 2.6 million square kilometers.
2. West Florida
West Florida was declared by President James Madison to be a U.S. possession in 1810.
?Parts of the territory were held at various times by France, Spain, Britain, and the United States (as well as the short-lived "Republic of West Florida").
?Eventually, the United States assumed control over the entire region, which now forms parts of the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida.
?It is about 155,000 square kilometers
Monroe Doctrine
Introduced on December 2, 1823
?The United States would not interfere in the affairs of colonies still owned by European nations in the New World.
?Further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention.
?The United States would not interfere with existing European colonies nor in the internal concerns of European countries.
?The Manroe doctrine laid the basis for a foreign policy that would make the United States the economic and political leader in the West.
James Monroe
?Came to the presidency at age 61 and after 40 years of government service
?Jefferson: so honest that if you should turn his soul inside out there would not be a spot on it. ?His style of dress reminded a
?Americans of the old days of the Founding Fathers.
Contribution of Monroe:
?Bought Florida from Spain in 1819;
?Peacefully resolved the problem of the admission of Missouri as a slave state;
?Put forward the Monroe doctrine.
3. Red River Basin
?Acquired in 1818 by treaty from the United Kingdom, namely the Anglo-American Convention of 1818.
4. Webster-Ashburton Treaty
?1842
?Finalized the border between United States and Canada (a British colony at the time).
5. The Texas Annexation
?1. Mexican independence in 1820
?2. American immigration into Mexico
?3. March 2,1836 Texas independence
?4. Sam Houston, commander of the army of the Texas Republic captured the Mexican leader. At knifepoint, Santa Anna agreed to the Treaty of Velasco = the Rio Grand as the southwestern boundary of Texas.
?5. 1845, Texas was offered statehood by President Tylor
?President John Tyler signed a treaty of annexation with Texas in April 1844.
James Polk as president
?A humorless individual with a secretive bent; physically, he was a sickly small man with a thin face and piercing gray eyes.
?The Oregon question
?Polk’s platform in 1844: the reoccupation of Oregon
?1846 the Oregon Treaty
6. Oregon Country,
?The area of North America west of the Rockies to the Pacific, was jointly controlled by the U.S. and the United Kingdom following the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 until 1846 when the Oregon Treaty divided the territory at the 49th parallel
?1845 US offered 20million for Mexico and California
?Polk sent Taylor to occupy the bank of the Rio Grand, 16 Americans were killed
?Polk: shedding of American blood on American soil
?We have just as good a reason for it [war] as a strong nation ever had against a weak one. = the precise expression of Manifest Destiny天定命运
?He was the first president to retire after a single term without seeking re-election. He died of cholera 霍乱three months after his term ended.
?Polk secured the Oregon Territory (including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), amounting to 738,000 km2, then purchased 1,360,000 km2 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican–American War.
7. Mexican Cession lands
?a product of the Mexican-American War and the subsequent Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848. In this treaty, Mexico gave the U.S. parts of what is Texas, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico and Wyoming, and the whole of California, Nevada and Utah and recognized the Rio Grande as Texas' Southern border.
?The United States paid Mexico $15 million. In addition, the United States agreed to pay claims made by American citizens against Mexico, which amounted to more than $3 million.
8. Gadsden Purchase of 1853
United States purchased a strip of land along the U.S.-Mexico border for $10 million, now in New Mexico and Arizona. This territory was later used for the southern transcontinental railroad.
9. Alaska Purchase
?from the Russian Empire for $7,200,000 in 1867.
?The area is twice as large as the origional 13 colonies
Secretary of State William H. Seward
?Engineered the purchase of Alaska from Russia in an act that was ridiculed at the time as "Seward's Folly," but which exemplified his character.
?Carl Schurz: Seward as "one of those spirits who sometimes will go ahead of public opinion instead of tamely following its footprints."
Nicknames given to the place:
?"Seward's Folly,"
?Seward's Icebox,"
?Andrew Johnson's "polar bear garden."
?His last words were to his children saying, "Love one another."
?Alaska is the largest state in the United States in land area at 1,518,800 km2, much larger than Texas, the next largest state.
?Alaska is larger than all but 18 sovereign countries.
?Alaska has more than three million lakes.
?Alaska has half of the world's glacier's.
?Alaska ranks second in the nation in crude oil production.
?Substantial coal deposits are found in Alaska;
?2,420 km3 trillion of undiscovered, technically recoverable gas from natural gas ;
?Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, gold, precious metals, zinc and other mining, seafood processing, timber and wood products.
1. Missouri Compromise
?Allowed Missouri to be admitted as a slave state, while Maine was to be admitted as a free state.
?An imaginary line across the Louisiana Purchase territory at 36 degree north was drawn, the further spread of slavery was to be prohibited ―forever‖ north of the line.
?The Missouri Compromise postponed further tension between North and South for a few years.
2. Compromise of 1850
?In late 1849, California drew up a constitution outlawing slavery and applied for admission to the union.
?The Utah and New Mexico territories were waiting to be organized as free areas.
?The balance between slave and free states in the Senate would be destroyed, probably forever.
Henry Clay’s Package
?Immediate admission of California as a free state,
?The organization of territorial governments in New Mexico and Utah without mention of slavery,
?A new and stringent fugitive-slave law逃亡奴隶法, and the abolition of domestic slave-trade in the District of Columbia.
Henry Clay:
The Great Compromiser
?Spoke in favor of his resolutions; he argued that the Union must be preserved and that the spirit of compromise must carry the day.
John C. Calhoun:
?―The Federal Union can be saved only by satisfying the South.‖
?―The South’s fate now lay in the hands of God.‖
Daniel Webster
?Argued in favor of concession.
?―I speak today for the preservation of the Union. Hear me for my cause.‖
Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois
?Gather support for each section of Clay’s package.
?With congresional approval the only hurtle that remained was President Taylor, who had earlier indicated he could probably veto the measures.
?What was the final result of the bill?
?Make a guess!!
Millard Fillmore,
?a strong advocate of compromise, became president
Douglas:
?It would ease relations in both North and South, because the South could expand slavery to new territories but the North still had the right to abolish slavery in their states.
?Opponents: as a concession to the slave power of the South.
?The new Republican Party, which was created in opposition to the act, aimed to stop the expansion of slavery.
?On January 29, 1861, just before the start of the Civil War, Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state.
Abraham Lincoln
?On March 4, 1861, Abaham Lincoln took the oath of office.
?―We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies.‖
?on April 12, 1861, a bombardment of Fort Sumter began. The first shot of the war had been fired.
?With the attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln called for 45,000 volunteers and a naval blockade of the South. The states of North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia left the Union and joined the Confederacy.
Abraham Lincoln
?16th President of the United States
?Born on February 12, 1809, to two uneducated farmers, in a one-room log cabin on the 348-acre (1.4 km2) Sinking Spring Farm,
?The first president born west of the Appalachians
Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president
?Lincoln had been a country lawyer,
?An Illinois state legislator,
?A member of the United States House of Representatives,
?Twice an unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S. Senate.
Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president
?Lincoln had been a country lawyer,
?An Illinois state legislator,
?A member of the United States House of Representatives,
?Twice an unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S. Senate.
?Lincoln's formal education consisted of about 18 months of schooling, but he was largely self-educated and an avid reader.
?'A house divided against itself cannot stand.'(Mark 3:25) I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other."
Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858
?Lincoln: "The Slave Power" was threatening the values of republicanism
?Stephen Douglas: emphasized the supremacy of democracy,
?that local settlers should be free to choose whether to allow slavery or not and could overrule judicial rulings.
1860 Presidential election
?Reasons:
?His expressed views on slavery = as more moderate than those of rivals William H. Seward and Salmon P. Chase.
?His "Western" origins also appealed to the newer states:
?On November 6, 1860, Lincoln was elected as the 16th President of the United States, beating Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge of the Southern Democrats, and John Bell of the new Constitutional Union Party.
?He was the first Republican president, winning entirely on the strength of his support in the North: he was not even on the ballot in nine states in the South, and won only 2 of 996 counties in all of the Southern states.
?Lincoln was the first U. S. President elected from Illinois.
American Civil War
Part Two
?December 24, 1860 : Secession of South Carolina
?Before Lincoln took office, seven states had declared their secession from the Union. ?They established a Southern government, the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861
?Seven Deep South cotton states seceded by February 1861:
?South Carolina,
?Mississippi,
?Florida,
?Alabama,
?Georgia,
?Louisiana,
?Texas.
Confederate States of America
?Funded on February 4, 1861)
?Jefferson Davis as president
?a governmental structure closely modeled on the U.S. Constitution.
Within two months:
?Virginia,
?Arkansas,
?North Carolina
?Tennessee.
?West Virginia joining the Union as the new state of on June 20, 1863.
?Missouri, Kentucky were divided by the end of 1861
?Lincoln's victory in the presidential election of 1860 triggered South Carolina's declaration of
secession from the Union.
Lincoln’s inaugural address:
?―We are not enemies, but frie nds. We must not be enemies.‖
?His speech closed with a plea for restoration of the bonds of union.
One day after the address:
?Major Anderson of Fort Sumter, in the Charleston harbor asked for reinforcement.
First shot of the Civil War:
?On Jefferson Davis’s advice, the Southern commander ordered Anderson to surrender. When he did not, on April 12, 1861, a bombardment of Fort Sumter began.
?Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers and a naval blockade of the South.
?In May 1861, Lincoln enacted the Union blockade of all Southern ports, ending regular international shipments to the Confederacy
Advantages of the South
?The South had able military leaders in Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson and a strong military tradition.
?The Northern task was to invade the South and occupy it.
?Southerners were fighting to defend their own soil
The Emancipation Proclamation
?announced on September 22, 1862
?put into effect on January 1, 1863,
?freed slaves in territories not already under Union control
Lincoln later said:
?"I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right, than I do in signing this paper." ?The Thirteenth Amendment to permanently abolish slavery throughout the nation.
Battle of Gettysburg:
The Turning Point
?May 1863 Lee invaded the North through Pennsylvania.
?On the hills near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the Confederate forces of Lee met the Union army of General George Meade.
Turning point of the war
?For three days in July the outcome of the war seemed to hang on the 168000 soldiers engaged in bloody combat.
?When the smoke cleared Lee’s Southern forces had been repulsed, and Lee once again returned to Virginia.
The Turning point
?it was also the bloodiest battle of the war
?Never again would Lee feel strong enough to invade the North
?After the Union victory at Gettysburg, Meade's failure to pursue Lee and months of inactivity for the Army of the Potomac persuaded Lincoln to bring in a western general, Ulysses S. Grant. Gettysburg Address
?dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863,
?Abraham Lincoln's carefully crafted address, came to be regarded as one of the greatest speeches in American history.
?not only to consecrate the grounds of a cemetery, but also to dedicate the living to the struggle to ensure that "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth".
?On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia;
?The rest of the Confederate army finally surrendered on May 26, 1865.
The Richmond Evening Whig published the following obituary notice:
?―Died: Confederacy, Southern. At the late residence of his father, J. Davis, Richmond, Virginia, Southern Confederacy, aged 4. Death caused by stra ngulation. No funeral.‖
Lincoln’s assassination
?By John Wilkes Booth, a well-known actor
?Assigning his co-conspirators to assassinate Vice President Andrew Johnson
?Secretary of State William H. Seward
?Lincoln's funeral train carried his remains, as well as 300 mourners and the casket of his son, William, 1,654 miles (2,662 km) to Illinois
?Abraham Lincoln's birthday, February 12, was formerly a national holiday, now commemorated as Presidents Day.
1864 election
?Under the fear of losing the election, Lincoln wrote and signed a pledge that, if he should lose the election, he would still defeat the Confederacy before turning over the White House:
?This morning, as for some days past, it seems exceedingly probable that this Administration will not be re-elected. Then it will be my duty to so co-operate with the President elect, as to save the Union between the election and the inauguration; as he will have secured his election on such ground that he cannot possibly save it afterwards.
?With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan —to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.
新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习地的题目选择填空
实用标准文档 精彩文案Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources 1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world. 2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley. 3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains 4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin. 5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer. 6.The western part of Washington State h as the highest rainfall in the US. 7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan 8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah. 1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. 2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas: A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachians B. the Mississippi River Basin C. the Rockies west to the Pacific 3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile. 4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables. 5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, a nd from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma a nd California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges. 6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive. Chapter 2 American Population 1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry. 2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s. 3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 195 4. 4.American Indians now mainly live in the South. 5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain. 6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population. 7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes. 8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South. 1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world. 2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race, and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter. 3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants,but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves.The blacks were formally freed in1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line. 4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a “ model minority” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990. Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World 1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia. 2.“The ambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century.
新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习题选择填空.doc
Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources 1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world. 2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley. 3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains 4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin. 5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer. 6.The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US. 7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan 8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah. 1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico,on the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. 2.The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas: A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachians B. the Mississippi River Basin C. the Rockies west to the Pacific 3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile. 4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables. 5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges. 6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive. Chapter 2 American Population 1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry. 2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s. 3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 195 4. 4.American Indians now mainly live in the South . 5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain. 6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population. 7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes. 8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South . 1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world. 2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race , and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter. 3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in 1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line . 4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a model“minority ” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990. Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World 1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia. 2.“ Theambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15 th century. 3.On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India . 4.Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India. 5.John Cabot was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.
《英美概况》教学大纲
《英美概况》教学大纲 课程编号：12307058 课程名称：英美概况 学时分配：36学时，2-19 学分：2分 考核方式：考查，闭卷 课程类别：专业限选课 面向对象：外事二年级学生 一、课程的任务和目的： 《英美概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化入门的一门课程。开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。 培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。把学生培养成为高素质的人才，同时又能爱祖国、热爱社会主义，致力为祖国的繁荣、发达而努力的人才，培养学生树立正确世界观。 同时，通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。通过比较学习不同文化中具有特殊文化涵义的词语与表达式，可以促使学生掌握一些特殊词语的深层次意义，是对词汇的学习以及翻译水平的提高的有益补充；通过开展中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的因素有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，必将为英语学习者成功地参与国际商务活动，更有效地进行国际合作与交流打下坚实的文化基础。
二、课程的基本要求： 要求熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯，具有较强的跨文化交际意识。 三、课程的主要内容： 主要包括英美两国的地理、历史、政体制度、教育、新闻媒体、风俗习惯等内容，目的在于开阔学生的视野，扩大他们的知识面，并注意借鉴最新研究成果，合理吸收最新知识，进一步增强其实用性。 四、课程教学内容与要求 第一章：美国简况（国家的组成、国土等）（2学时） 教学要求：通过教学使学生掌握美国地理简况：国家的基本组成，国土等。以及美国国家形成的基本历史发展过程。 教学重点：美国国家形成过程中产生的几个重要的历史事件。 教学难点：分析并了解American Revolution产生的原因。
新编英美概况-许鲁之教学教材
新编英美概况- 许鲁之
Chapter 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources 1. Choose the correct answer 1-8 CDBACBBB 2. fill in the blanks 1. Ca nada\Mexico\the Cuff of Mexico\Atla ntic Ocea n\the Pacific Ocea n 2. The Atla ntic seacoast west to the Appalacha in s\The Mississippi River Basin\The Rockies west to the Pacific 3. most den sely\flat\fertile 4. productive\fruits\vegetables 5. Louisia na\Texas\Texas\Oklahoma\Califor ni a\i nsufficie nt\4O% 6.little\fresh\12%\richest\productive Chapter 2 America n Populati on 1. Choose the correct answer 1-8 CBDACDCB 2. fill in the blanks 1. third\250 2.1875\perma nent reside nce\morality\race\nati onal origi n\n ati onal origi n\skilled\relatives\270,000\700,000\675,000 3.i nden tured serva nts\slaves\1863 4.South\poverty line 5.i ndustrious'i ntellige nt'modle min ority'twice
英语国家概况课程标准
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
英语国家文化课程参考书目
英语国家文化课程参考书目 1、英美文化基础教程，朱永涛著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1991年11月 2、欧洲文化入门（European Culture: an Introduction）王佐良等著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1992年2月（英文版） 3、当代英国概况，肖惠云主编，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996年8月（英文版）16开本 4、当代美国社会与文化（Contemporary American Society and Culture）王恩铭著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997年6月 5、英语国家社会与文化入门（上）朱永涛主编，北京：高等教育出版社，1997年8月（英文版）16开本 6、英语国家社会与文化入门（下）朱永涛主编，北京：高等教育出版社，1998年1月（英文版）16开本 7、英美文化博览，李常磊著，上海：上海世界图书出版公司，2000年1月，32开本 8、英语国家概况，余志远主编，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000年3月，大32开本 9、英国文化（The Culture of England）范中汇著，北京：文化艺术出版社，2003年1月 10、当代美国概况，周静琼著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003年1月（英文版）16开本 11、美国文化与社会（American Culture and Society）王恩铭著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003年6月（英文版） 12、新编英美概况教程（A Survey of the United Kingdom and the United States of America）周叔麟（美）C.W.Pollard June Almes 主编，北京：北京大学出版社，2004年5月（英文版）16开本 13、跨文化研究读本，余卫华主编，武汉大学出版社，2006年2月，大32开本 14、西方文化史徐新主编，北京大学出版社，2007年7月，小16开本 15、主要英语国家概况（第2版）周玉娣主编，重庆大学出版社，2008年2月（英文版）小16开本 16、欧洲文化概况Duncan Sidwell （英）著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008年6月，大32开本 17、英美概况（Survey of Britain and America）（上下），张奎武主编，长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2008年5月第四版，大32开本 18、英语史，李赋宁编著，北京：商务印书馆，1991年1月第1版，大32开本 19、英国文学简史，常耀信著，天津：南开大学出版社，2006年1月第1版（英文版），大32开本 20、美国文学简史，常耀信著，天津：南开大学出版社，2003年12月第2版（英文版），（大32开本 21、中西文化比较，周义徐志红编著，北京：人民教育出版社，2004年8月第1版，大32开本 22、西方文化史，徐新主编，北京：北京大学出版社，2007年7月第2版，大32开本 23、语言学教程，胡壮麟主编，北京：北京大学出版社，2001年7月第1版，大32开本 24、西方文化导论，叶胜年著，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005年7月第1版（英文），大32开本 25、语言与文化，邓炎昌刘润清著，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1989年3月第1版，大32开本 26. Language, Culture, and Translating, Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign
新编英美概况许鲁之
Chapter 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources 1.Choose the correct answer 1-8 CDBACBBB 2.fill in the blanks 1.Canada\Mexico\the Cuff of Mexico\Atlantic Ocean\the Pacific Ocean 2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachains\The Mississippi River Basin\The Rockies west to the Pacific 3.most densely\flat\fertile 4.productive\fruits\vegetables 5.Louisiana\Texas\Texas\Oklahoma\California\insufficient\40% 6.little\fresh\12%\richest\productive Chapter 2 American Population 1.Choose the correct answer 1-8 CBDACDCB 2.fill in the blanks 1.third\250 2.1875\permanent residence\morality\race\national origin\national origin\skilled\relatives\270,000\700,000\675,000 3.indentured servants\slaves\1863
新编英美概况 许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案.
Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources 1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii) 2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. 1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America. 2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear. Chapter 2 American Population 1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”? It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world. ①The people of the US are predominantly white. ②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came from Africa. ③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent. ④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries. ⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent. 2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States? ①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration. ②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences in employment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers. ③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration. 3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs? ①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs. ②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another. ③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superior schools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children. Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World 1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas. 1) The Aztecs of Mexico 2) The Incas of Peru 3) The Indians of North America 4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects 2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?
来安方《新编英美概况》笔记和典型题(含考研真题)详解-美国-第2章 美国的历史【圣才出品】
第2章美国的历史 2.1 复习笔记 I. The Thirteen English-American Coloniesand the War of Independence 1. The Founding of the colonies 2. The Early Immigrants 3. Relation between England and Colonies 4. The Boston T ea Party 5. The First Continental Congress 6. The Second Continental Congress 7. Military Struggle and Final Victory II. Appearance of theAmericanConstitution andTerritorial Expansion 1. America Following Independence 2. The Constitutional Convention 3. The American Constitution 4. The Second War with England (1812) 5. The Monroe Doctrine (1823) 6. The Mexican War and Its Results (1846 - 1848) III. The Civil War 1. The Beginning of Slavery in America 2. Conflicts Arising fromSlavery
3. Lincoln’s Death and American Concept of a Hero 4. Effect of the Civil War 5. Economic Development 6. Progressivism 7. The Federal Reserve Bank 8. Imperialist Foreign Policy and War with Spain IV. America During and After World War I 1. America Entering the War (1917) 2. America after World War I 3. The Great Depression V. America During and After World War II 1. Background and Outbreak of General War 2. Changes of the US Policy 3. The Lend-Lease Bill 4. America’s Entry into the War 5. America after the War 6. Cold War and America’s Containment 7. Red Scare and the McCarthy Era 8. Demand for Reform 9. The Watergate Affair 10. Reagan Revolution and Clinton