高英修辞复习资料
1.Simile(明喻):
Maggie’s brain’s like an elephant’s
2.Metaphor(暗喻):
They will be rounded up in hordes.
Means of existence is wrung from the soil...
cataract of horrors
rid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke
The scene will be clear for the final act.
something hit me … of my feet
They live in a palace of a house.
Before him stood a little shrimp of a fellow.
The town was stormed after a long siege.
"Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them，and bobbed up down repeatedly in little bows…
3.Onomatopoeia(拟声法):
splash sounds similar to the noise of something falling into water.
thud sounds like a falling object hitting the ground.
buzz is the sound an insect makes when flying.
4.Assonance(谐音)：
My words like silent raindrops fell.
that “no” is a word the world never learned to say to her.
"that dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea" William Butler Yeats.
Tinkling, banging, clashing; easier and safer prey
creak and groan; oozes ; squeaking, rumbling , grinding; grunts and sighs
5. Personification（拟人）
Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.
dancing flashes（第二页）
6. Parallelism（排比）
The din of the store-holders crying their wares, of donkeys-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy. 2. the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector
Any man or state... Any man or state...
Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.
Let us redouble our exertions…
We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts.
We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources
7. Pun (双关)
He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.
A bicycle can't stand on its own because it is two-tyred
8. Rhetorical question（反问）
“Aren’t you ashamed of yourself?” ( You should be ashamed of yourself.)
“What business is it of yours?” (It is none of your business)
“Was I not at the scene of the crime?” (“Really I was at the scene of the crime.”)
When did Dee even have any friends?
9. Anti-climax（反高潮）
"Seldom has city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known through about world for its-oysters.“
10.Alliteration（头韵）
"I felt sick and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.
Let us go forth to lead the land we love.
11. Metonymy(借代):
In Latin, meta means change while onyma means name, so metonymy means the change of name. She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
The pen is mightier than the sword.
12. Euphemism（婉辞）：
earthly cares
He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.
13.Irony(讽刺):
the good fortune that my illness has brought me
Hang them, "she said. As if that was the only thing you could do with quilts
14. Hyperbole(夸张)：
Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them.
15. Understatement（轻描淡写）：
In 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now.
16.Symbol
Quilts in the story is the symbol of black’s culture.
17. Repetition(反复)
he has so long thrived and prospered
18. Antithesis(对立)：
Give me liberty, or give me death. 不自由, 毋宁死。
devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination “action, not words”
“they promised freedom and provided slavery”
高级英语第一册详细讲解
Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar 一．Background information 二．Brief overview and writing style This text is a piece of description. In this article, the author describes a vivid and live scene of noisy hilarity of the Middle Eastern Bazaar to readers. At first, he describes the general atmosphere of the bazaar. The entrance of the bazaar is aged and noisy. However, as one goes through the bazaar, the noise the entrance fades away. One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area. Then the author introduces some strategies for bargaining with the seller in the bazaar which are quite useful. After that he describes some impressive specific market of the bazaar particularly includ ing the copper-smiths market, the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenter‘s market which honeycomb the bazaar. The typical animal in desert----camels----can also attract attention by their disdainful expressions. To the author the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is the place where people make linseed oil. Hence he describes this complicated course with great details. The author‘s vivid and splendid description takes readers back to hundreds of thousands of years age to the aged middle eastern bazaar, which gives the article an obvious diachronic and spatial sense. The appeal to readers‘visual and hearing sense throughout the description is also a marked feature of this piece of writing. In short, being a Westerner, the author views the oriental culture and civilization as old and backward but interesting and fantastic. Through careful observation and detailed comparison, the author depicts some new and original peculiarities of the Middle Eastern bazaar which are unique and distinguished. 三．Detailed study of the text Paragraph 1 the general atmosphere of the bazaar 1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back…of years: 1) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey. 2) A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The word perhaps comes from the Persian word bazar.（中东和印度等的）集市，市场 Paraphrase: The bazaar can be traced back to many centuries ago. The architecture was ancient, the bricks and stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West. 2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered…: 1) is entered..: The present tense used here is called ―historical present(历史现在时)‖. It is used for vividness. 2) Gothic: of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries, with pointed arches , arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows. 3) aged: having existed long; very old 3. Y ou pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern…: 1) Here ―the heat‖is contrasted with ―cool‖, ―glare‖with ―dark‖, and ―open square‖with ―cavern‖. 2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as ―bright sunlight‖.强光， 耀眼的光 3) ―cavern‖here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. From the text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.
高英II翻译与修辞
Unit 1 How to get the Poor off our conscience 1.An imbalance between the rich and the poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics. 贫穷不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。 2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune: If they are poor and also meek, they eventually will inherit the earth. 他们的贫穷只是一种暂时的不幸；如果他们穷困但却温顺，他们最终将成为这个世界的主人。 3.Couples in love should repair to R.H. Macy’s, not their bedrooms. 一对对热恋的新婚夫妇应该上梅西百货公司过夜，而不是回到他们的新房。 4.The American Beauty Rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. And so is it in economic life. It is merely the working out of law of nature and the law of God. 美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒、赞不绝口。而她之所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期周围的花蕾被掐掉了。在经济生活中的情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。 5.(It has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的一个行业。 6.There is, we can surely agree, no form of oppression that is quite great, no constriction on thought and effort quite so comprehensive, as that which comes from having no money at all. 没有那种压迫形式比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种思想和行动的束缚比一无所有更全面彻底。 7.Freedom we rightly cherish. Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need. 我们珍惜自由是对的。正因为我们珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由。 8.Whether they can be in Ethiopia, the South Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, we resolve to keep them off our minds. 不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约市的南布朗克斯区，甚至是在洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心。 9.Murray is the voice of Spender in our time; he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles。 如上所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望。
高英修辞总结
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“C an I have these old quilts?” ② Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③ My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④ The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤ I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （1）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats )教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ① It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ② Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③ main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）. （2）metonymy 借代，转喻 用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。 The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq. He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。 He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。 ① The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's" ② ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐） （3）synecdoche 提喻 以部分指代整体
高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的 自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；
高英修辞总结
Unit 1 Where Do I Go from Here? 1.Antithesis: 1)···so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. 2)As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free) 3)Let us be dissatisfied until···will be judged on the basis of content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin. 4)There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair. 5)Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterday of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrow. 2.Parallel structure: 1)The tendency to ignore the Negro’s contribution to American life and to strip him of his personhood is as old as the earlier history books and as contemporary as the morning’s newspaper. (Para.5) 2)Let us realize that William Cullen Bryant is right: “Truth crushed to```” Let us go out to realizing that··· 3.Metaphor： 1)The negro will only be free when he reaches···and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation 2)We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life’s marketplace. 3)Personal conflicts among husbands，wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated. 4)Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps pf history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. 5)He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. 6)There will be still rocky places of frustration and meandering points of bewilderment. 7) A high blood pressure of creeds 8)The battering rams 4.Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.------Parallel structure and Antithesis 5.It is something like improving the food in the prison which the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.------ simile 6.Without recognizing this we will end up solutions that don’t solve, answers that don’t answer and explanations that don’t explain.-------Paradox and Parallel structure 7.Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery.-----Metaphor(compare the long history of slavery to a long night)、Antithesis (psychological freedom vs. physical slivery) 8.Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice.
高级英语第一册修辞手法总结.docx
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4)metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.、metaphor simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed:“ Get us through this mess, will You”(Para. 17)alliteration 5. It seized a 600,000-gallon personification Gulfport oil tank and dumped it miles away. 6.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、onomatopoeia( 拟声 ) 7.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.（Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. （P ara. 20） simile 、 personification 9.and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)Synecdoche
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高英修辞手法Personification
高英修辞手法 Personification: 1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you... 2. dancing flashes 3. the beam groan ... and protesting 4. where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, 5. life dealt him profound personal tragedies... 6. the river had acquainted him with ... 7. ...to literature's enduring gratitude... 8. ...an entry that will determine his course forever... 9. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 10. Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. Hyperbole 1) ... takes you ...hundreds even thousands of ye ars 2) innumerable lamps 3) with the dust of centuries 4) I see the ten thousand villages … 5) ...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... 6) America laughed with him. 7) . The trial that rocked the world 8) His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world. 9) Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.
高英第一册第五课写作手法
Comment on writing skills In the passage “S peech on Hitler’s invasion of the U.S.S.R.” ,Churchill used many writings skills to make his speech more powerful, persuasive and impression .Here I will analyze some of the skills in the speech. I Rhetoric i. Alliteration For instance ,“I see also the dull, drilled, docile brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts”“...Russian fighting for his hearth and home...”In these sentences ,“dull ,drilled, docile ”and “hearth and home ”each have the same start words“d” and“h” .It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect so that makes his speech sound more powerful. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound . ii Onomatopoeia It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive of some action or movement. In paragraph 8,we can see the two words “clanking, heel-clicking”,“clanking ”refers to the sounds of swords and sabers , and “ heel-clicking ”means the heel sounds of Nazi . These two words makes audience easily hatred of Hitler’s Nazi regime. II Specific words Churchill pays particular attention to choose the words. i Absolute-sounding words In paragraph ten, he said,“…Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi régime.” “We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang .”Absolute words like “ever ,never, any” all strengthen his voice. ii Formal words Churchill replaced simple ,everyday words with the italicized words .e.g. “There only remained the task of c omposing it”,”Composing it ”means “preparing”;“H e devoted the whole day to it…”here ,“devoted”refers to “spent…on it”etc .These italicized words makes his speech more powerful. To sum up, in this speech, there are many writing skills such as use biblical allusion ,use six “I see”
高英修辞
高英修辞 Unit 10 1，community cannot complete with shopping malls……70-hour workweek (metonymy) 2，we tend these images like poisonous flowers in a nightmare garden (simile) 3，…as pre-9/11 world drifts away on its raft of memory (metaphor) 4，Meanwhile, post 9/11 era looms like an unmapped wilderness (simile) 5，…which assumes the public is thinking in red, white and blue, when actually the spectrum of emotions, ideas and opinion is, like America itself, multihued (metonymy) 6，This Frankensteinian creation asserts that consumption is an American value, extols the nepenthean powers of the dollar (allusion) 7，A mushroom cloud blooming over a seaport city, a human being with her skin burned off, a skeletal corpse embracing a child seize skeletal corpse (metaphor) 8，What messages do Hiroshima and Babi Yar, or Dresden and Antietam, have for us? (antonomasia) 9，How do we move from anxiety to action? From insecurity to confidence, from national paranoia to collective poise? (comrast) 10，Is our democracy so fragile that four airplane bombs can erode 335 years of liberty? (parody) Unit 9 1, the badger and the elk, the badger and the bear (alliteration) 2, descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain (metaphorically) 3, so exclusive were they of all mere custom and company (alliteration) 4, brittle and brown willow and witch hazed (alliteration) Unit 4 1, killing in the house (metaphor) 2, the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake (metaphor) 3, a room of one’s own (metaphor) 4, butcher’s bill (metonymy) 5, it was she who used to come between me and my paper when I was writing reviews (metonymy) Unit3 1, tectonic: metaphor 2, cloning: metaphor 3, fountainhead: metaphor 4, pocket: is used figuratively 5, marry: metaphor 6, it is still played all over Asia in the small rooms that are full of smoke (antonomasia) 7, it is also plated by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s Upper West Side (metonymy 8, A contrast is made between old shanghai and shanghai in the 1990s