1、认真第一,聪明第二:什么才是真正的执行

1、认真第一,聪明第二:什么才是真正的执行
1、认真第一,聪明第二:什么才是真正的执行

认真第一,聪明第二

----什么才是真正的执行

我在一本书上看过这么一个故事,讲的是在一片美丽乡间景色中的一间房子里,墙上装有三面镜子。

第一面镜子,表面凹凸不平,且有污点,看起来很脏。

第二面镜子,清洁精巧并装饰有精美雕刻的镜框。

第三面镜子,既没框子也没有装饰,只是一面洁净清楚的镜子。

当面对第一面镜子时,我们看到了什么?回答是:“一面不干净的镜子。”第二面镜子呢?回答是:“看到了一面精美的镜子。”第三面镜子呢?回答是:“看到一片美丽的景色。”

我觉得这个故事讲出了执行的真谛:真正的执行就应该如这第三面镜子──人们看到的是结果:从镜子中看到的是美丽风景,而不是表现自己作为镜子的特色(雕刻精美的镜框)。

但执行的难度也正在这儿。在所有的集体活动中,人的本性始终绕不过一个永恒的坎:以自我为中心。每个人都要在照出美丽景色的同时,告诉别人“这是我照出的,而不是别人照出的”。可一旦以“自我为中心”,客户或结果就可能会放置到第二位或第三位。

所以,真正有效的管理者,是用组织、制度或文化来实现执行,通过一套组织、程序来约束越轨行为,或者用文化(比如客户第一)内在地改变行动观念。这样一来,在大多数情况下,执行就是一种紧盯目标下的简单重复过程。

这种锁定目标简单重复的过程,甚至可以上升到职业化的程度。所谓的职业化就是在商业行为中始终坚守基本的商业规则与商业道德,以公司利益和目标而不是个人的好恶作为自己行动的准绳。所以,职业化中的执行讲的是“认真第一,聪明第二”。

然而,拥有“强烈自我”的个人在大多情况下是“聪明第一,认真第二”,特别是企业的领导人“极度聪明”的时候。这种时候企业表现出来的不一定是业绩的问题,而是企业制度性能力的缺乏。我觉得这可能就是大部分中国企业在“执行”问题上的真相:因为企业家执行能力太高,反而导致企业执行能力太低。

在这里,我们应当注意一点,企业家的执行能力与企业的执行能力是两个完全不同的概念。企业家的执行能力是个人能力,而企业执行能力是组织能力或制度性的能力。

企业家的执行能力是人治,而制度性执行能力是“法制”。人治的企业家能力通常是用“能人”,背后的哲学思想是“疑人不用,用人不疑”。而制度性执行能力背后的哲学思想是:人是一定要犯错的,所以用人就一定要疑,要建立一套制度来规范和约束人们的行为。

美国著名管理学家、《基业长青》一书的作者吉姆?柯林斯从 400 多位声名显赫的美国企业巨头中评选出了美国有史以来最伟大的 10 位 CEO(见《财富》中文版 9 月刊)。令人意外的是,许多赫赫有名的人物并未入选,如世界首富微软总裁比尔?盖茨、通用电气公司前 CEO 杰克?韦尔奇等。

相反,上榜的 10 位企业家有人当初根本就没想到自己是当 CEO 的料,例如波音公司总裁比尔?艾伦。柯林斯指出,这十大 CEO 的伟大之处在于:他们建立了在自己卸任之后,公司依然能够长久兴旺发达的企业机制;他们专心致志地构建一种大而持久的制度,并不刻意成为伟大的领袖;他们奠定了企业长盛不衰的基础,使企业能够持续发展。

所以,我觉得中国企业界谈执行问题的时候,千万不要本末倒置,为了速效而牺牲对企业基业长青的“基因”(制度与文化)的建设。我们应当懂得企业持续增长的源泉,在于制度与文化对“人性中善的弘扬与恶的抑制”,只有在这样一个“道”的前提下,对执行“术”的追求才有意义。

我将上述有关执行的思考归纳为这么几点:

首先,执行作为一种制度和文化,最基本的内核是什么? 我总结了十六个字: 认真第一,聪明第二;制度第一,能人第二。这里强调的显然是不要过分信赖个人的“聪明”和“才智”,而是要依靠制度和全体员工的认真。这同时也意味,大凡伟大的公司,文化必定是单一的,而凡是平庸的公司,都有各色花样的“上司文化”、“部门文化”。

其次是执行的方针问题,我也总结了十六个字: 结果提前,自我退后,锁定目标,简单重复。在执行的时候,要将客户利益和公司利益放在第一位,将“自我”隐藏在程序与流程之后,围绕目标培养员工的职业化精神,由此才能保证执行的效果。

最后是执行过程中需要把握的三个要点。在开始执行前,需要把握的要点是信心第一,成败第二。对已经决定了的任何事,信心是第一位的,对风险的估计应当是在决策前。一旦决定了,讨论成败就更多是借口。

在执行进行的过程中,需要把握的要点是速度第一,完美第二。我们在执行中常常有这种现象,曾经为得不到 100 而放弃,结果却是 0,若干成功经验和挫折告诉我们:0.1>0!

在执行结束之后,需要把握的要点是胜利第一,理由第二。责任是通过对行动结果的奖罚建立起来的,在大多数情况下(像 SRRS 这种特殊情况需要列为例外),要

建立一种对事不对人的执行文化,重要的不是去讨论失败理由,而是针对结果建立起责任与权利对称的机制。

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