英语专业四级语法之主谓一致
主谓一致
主谓一致即句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。大致有三个基本原则：
1．语法一致原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语如是复数形式，谓语动词则相应的为复数形式。
2．意义一致原则，即主语、谓语不参照主语的语法形式，而是取决与主语所表述的实际意义为单数还是复数。
3．就近原则，即谓语动词和它最相邻的名词、代词或其它词在人称或数上保持一致。
专四考点：
1．语法一致
?当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as
等词引起的短语时，位于动词与前面的主语一致。如：
Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party. 汤姆和他的两个同学被邀请去参加聚会。
The president of the college, together with the deans, is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. 该大学的校长准备和院长们一起开会制定校规。
?如果主语是由“a committee of, a panel of, a/the board of + 复数名词”构成，
谓语动词通常用单数。如：
A panel of scientific advisers to the agency is expected to make a formal
recommendation on Monday. 药监局的科学顾问小组将在周一提出正式建议。
The board of manager is responsible for the firm. 经理委员会对公司负责。2．意义一致
?代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含
有each, every,谓语需用单数。如：
No one except my parents knows anything about it. 除了我父母外没有人知道这件事。
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每个人都有一个录音机。
?当主语是一本书或一条格言时，位于动词常用单数。如：
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者所熟知的一本书。
?表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作
一个整体，谓语一般用单数（用复数也可，意思不变）。如：
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 规定在3周内做好必要的准备。
3．就近原则
?当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最近的主语保持一致。如：
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌子上有一支笔，一把小刀和几本书。
?当either…or…与neither…nor…, not only…but also连接两个主语时，谓
语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如：
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。
Neither I nor he is to blame. 既不怪我，也不怪他。
4. 其他情况
?动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语，谓语用单数。如：
To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far. 要全面地了解局势，需要比现在更深入的思考。
?当用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词构成的主语时，动词通常与of
后面的名词、代词保持一致。如：
Most of his money is spent on books.它大部分的钱都花在书上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大多数学生积极参加体育活动。
?关系代词作主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词之致。如：
Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood. 尽管做了很多研究，人们仍然无法完全理解昆虫生活周期中的某些元素。
?以-s结尾的疾病（如arthritis, bronchitis, diabetes, mumps, phlebitis, rickets
等）、游戏、地理名称等词语作主语，谓语用单数。如：
?以-s结尾的学科名称（如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics,
politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletic等）作主语时，谓语用单数；
但是如果用作其他意义时，谓语用复数。请注意对比：
Acoustics studies the science of sound.声学是一门研究声音的科学。
The acoustics of the new concert hall are perfect. 这家新音乐厅的音响效果棒极了。
?英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的有两部分组成的物体分词，如：glasses, pincers,
pliers, scissors, shorts, suspenders, trousers等，这类名词作主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。如：
These trousers are made in Shanghai. 这些裤子是上海产的。
The pair of trousers is made in Shanghai. 这条裤子是上海产的。
?英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词，如：archives, arms, clothes, contents, eaves,
fireworks, goods, minutes, morals, remains stairs, suburbs, thanks, wages 等，这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：
The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security. 国家的档案保存在安全部。
?某些固定结构中谓语的数
a number of + 可数名词复数谓语用复数
the number of +可数名词复数谓语用单数
an amount of + 不可数名词谓语用单数
the amount of +不可数名词谓语用单数
the majority of +可数名词复数谓语用复数
a great many +可数名词复数谓语用复数
many a +可数名词单数谓语用单数
more than one +可数名词单数谓语用单数
one and a half +可数名词复数谓语用单数
each /every +可数名词单数谓语用单数
neither / either of +可数名词复数谓语用单数
the greater part of 谓语的数与of后面的名词一致
a large proportion of 谓语的数与of后面的名词一致
50% of / one third of / plenty of / the rest of 谓语的数与of后面的名词一致
关于主谓一致的更多例句分类和练习如下：
1．集合名词作主语与谓语动词的一致的要点提示
（1）集合名词如people，police，cattle，poultry（家禽），等通常都用作复数。如：
The police are after a robber.
警察们在追赶一个强盗。
（2）集合名词如clothing，baggage，luggage，furniture，machinery，stationary, greenery, merchandise, equipment等通常用作单数。如：
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
这家工厂所有机器都是中国制造。
（3）集合名词如audience，army，band（乐队），board（委员会），class，company，couple，club，committee，crew，crowd，faculty，firm（公
司），gang，government，group，public，team，troop，staff等作主
语时，如把集合名词视为不可分割的统一整体，动词应用单数形式；
如强调团体中每一个成员，则要用复数形式。如：
The audience was enormous. （作为一个群体/整体来看）
观众人很多。
The audience were greatly moved at the words.
听了这话听众们都很感动。
（4）如果主语时是由a committee of / a panel of / a board of 加复数名词构成，随后的动词常用单数。如：
A committee of seven students is to consider the matter.
由七个学生组成的委员会将来考虑这个问题。
2．不定代词或限定词与谓语动词的一致的要点提示
（1）由合成代词some（any，no，every）＋thing（body，one）或由代词one，each （one），every （one），either，neither，another，the other
等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
我们两人都没受过正规训练。
（2）由限定词either，neither，each，every等修饰名词时，用单数形式。
（3）表示复数的限定词more than one，many a（n），no等加单数可数名词时，虽然表达的是复数意义，但按照毗邻吸引原则，谓语动词仍用
单数。如：
There is more than one answer to your question.
你的问题答案不只一个。
（4）none作主语时，如作为单数概念看，用单数，否则用复数形式。如：None of the books are easy enough for him.
这些书全太难，不适合他。
None of us has got the computer.
我们都没有电脑。
3．并列结构或复合主语与谓语动词的一致
（1）主语中有and / both…and连接时，意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如指单一概念或同一事物或人物，谓语动词遵循意义一致原则，用作单
数。如：
The iron and steel industry plays an important role in our economy.
钢铁工业在我国经济中起重要作用。
My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.
我的密友和顾问又改变他的想法了。（密友和顾问指同一个人）
The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall.
食品跌价时，受损失的是农民而不是城市居民。
同样，在某些成语里，由and 连接的两个成分指同一件事，同一个概
念，这时谓语也常用单数。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早起早睡使人健康，富有和智慧。
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.
尝试和失败同是学识之源。
（2）主语后有as well as，as much as，along with，with，together with，in company with，rather than，more than，no less than，like，besides，except，
but，in addition to，including，instead of等引导的词组时，遵循语法
一致原则，谓语动词与真正的主语保持一致。如：
Some of the students as well as the teacher were concerned about it.
不仅老师，也有一些学生关心着这件事。
（3）each…and （each）…，every…and （every）…，或no…and （no）…
等之后通常用作单数。如：
No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.
很长时间没有听到一点声音。
（4）由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not…but…，not only…but（also）…
等连接的复合主语，谓语动词根据毗邻吸引原则，与靠得最近的词在
数上保持一致。如：
Either you or your brother is to do the work.
不是你就是你弟弟来做这工作。
4．表示数量或种类概念的名词（词组）与谓语动词的一致
（1）主语带有all，most，half，some，none，plenty of，part of，a lot of，the majority of，the minority of，the rest，the remainder，the last或是
分数及百分比时，谓语动词遵循意义一致原则。如：
One fifth of the population are workers.这里五分之一的人口是工人。
（2）主语是a kind of / pile / sort / type / series / species / portion of或this kind / sort / type of等加名词，谓语动词用单数。但是如果kind / sort / type of
之前的限定词是these / those，同时of后的名词是复数，则动词用复
数。如：
A series of accidents has been reported.报道了一系列的事故。
（3）主语含a number of，a variety of或both，(a) few of, a good/great many,
a couple of, several修饰，要用复数形式。如：
A good many people present are against his plan.
在场的许多人都反对他的计划。
（4）quantity of+不可数名词，谓语只用单数。
quantities of + 可数与不可数名词，谓语要用复数。如：
Great quantities of fish are caught on high seas.公海里捕获大量的鱼。
There is a large quantity of milk.有大量的牛奶。
（5）如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数，如果被看作组成该数量的一个个的个体，则动词用复数。如：
Two more dollars are missing.又丢了两美元。
Two dollars was not much to ask.两美元不值得一问。
（6）两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数。如：
Eight and four makes / make twelve.八加四等于十二。
5．分句与存在句与谓语动词的一致
（1）由what / who / why / how/ whether或all that引导的主语从句，主句的谓语动词形式遵循意义一致原则。如：
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
造成这场事故的原因完全是个迷。
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it are a
mystery.
造成这场事故的原因以及谁负这个责任是个迷。
（2）由“one of＋复数名词＋who/which/that”引导的定语从句中的谓语通常用复数形式，但当one之前有the only或the来修饰时，关系代词
的先行词是one而不是靠近它的复数名词，所以从句中谓语用单数。
如：
John is the only one of the players who has learned all the plays.
约翰是惟一一位学会了所有游戏的玩家。
（3）以非谓语动词，主要指不定式和-ing分词作主语，动词用单数。由and 连接的并列非谓语动词，如果指两件事，动词用复数；如果指一件事，
动词用单数。如：
To know merely the main facts is not enough.
仅仅知道主要事实还不够。
Where and when to hold the meeting is still unsettled.
何时何地开会还没定下来。
When to start and what to take depend on the weather.
何时动身该带些什么要看天气了。
（4）存在句中，看后面的实际主语。如是复数，则动词用复数，如是单数，则用单数。如果实际主语是个并列结构，只要第一个并列成分不是复
数，谓语动词可以用单数。如：
There is a notebook and two pens left on the desk.
桌子上留下一个笔记本和两支钢笔。
There exist several ancient temples in this area.
这个地区存有几座古庙。
Exercise
1. The government has discussed the matter for a long time but they have shown no
A B C
signs of reaching an agreement.
D
2. Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day,
A B
produce some change in the shapes of these mountains.
C D
3. It is said that of the total population of Bolivia fully 80 percent lives at an altitude
A B C D
of over 10,000 ft.
4. I am one of those people who by the general opinion of the world am counted both
A B
infamous and unhappy.
C D
5. The theory of falling dominoes（多米诺）comes from the word “dominoes”
A B
which are a game played with a set of dominoes.
C D
6. What makes each division different is a few things: time, place, tradition and
A B C D
leadership.
7. It seems the cattle on the sides of the hills was the only living creatures in these
A B
lonely surroundings.
C D
8. Not only the switches but also the old wiring have been changed.
A B C D
9. What appear to be disciplinary problems are easily solved by very elementary
A B C D
applied psychology.
10. Watering the flowers and looking after the children is all I have to do every day.
A B C D
11．Their office buildings as well as their apartment, though visually pleasing, usually
A has heating and cooling systems that require closed windows and consequently
B C
waste energy.
D
12. Under the present circumstances there seem fewer reasons for people to hug
A B C
illusions than there was before.
D
13. Many members of the Historical Society thought the last month’s lecture on
A
ancient civilizations were among the most interesting they had ever attended.
B C D
14. No one, at any rate no English writer, has written better about childhood than
A B C
have Charles Dickens.
D
15.The number of members in the exclusive golf club were limited to two hundred.
A B C D
16.There are a large supply of pens and notebooks in the storeroom to the left of the
A B C D
library entrance.
17.The influence of the nation’s literature, art, and science have captured widespread
A B C D
attention.
18.Although the body has been reduced in size by eighteen inches, there have been
A B C
little change in the engine of the new models.
D
19.The founder and editor of the magazine you are reading are occupying seat 7 on
A B C D
this plane.
20.Just outside the ruins are a castle surrounded by high walls and huge trees.
A B C D
Keys:
1. A错，应改为have discussed。
2. C错，应改为produces。
3. D错，应改为live。
4.B错，应改为are。
5.C错，应改为is。
6.D错，应改为are。
7.A错，应改为were。
8.C错，应改为has。
9.B错，应改为is。
10.C错，应改为are。
11.B错，应该为have.
12.D错，应该为were.
13.B错，应该为was
14.D错，应该为has
15.C错，应该为was
16.A错，应该为is
17.C错，应该为has
18.C错，应该为has been
19.C错，应该为is
20.C错，应该为is
例1：Perhaps surprisingly the main difficulties to realize this dream is neither technical nor commercial.
（正）Perhaps surprisingly the main difficulties to realize this dream are neither technical nor commercial.
题解：应把is改为are。因为主语是difficulties，谓语动词应保持一致，为复数形式。
例2：The replacement of shops such as the grocer’s and chemist’s by cafes have left the housewives with insufficient facilities for shopping.
（正）The replacement of shops such as the grocer’s and chemist’s by cafes has left the housewives with insufficient facilities for shopping.
题解：应have left改为has left。因为主语是replacement，谓语动词应保持一致，为单数形式。
例3：On each side of the highway was hundreds of billboards advertising everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit and
Vegetables.
（正）On each side of the highway were hundreds of billboards advertising
everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit and
Vegetables.
题解：本句为倒装句，主语是hundreds of billboards为复数形式，谓语动词应保持一致，改为复数形式were。
例4：It is the communication between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that promote their understanding of each other.
题解：应改promote为promotes。此句是强调句型，真正的主语是communication，遵循语法一致原则，谓语动词与主语保持一致，为单数形式。
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题（6） 所属：专四专八阅读：1021 次评论：7 条[我要评论] [+我要收藏] 有关否定 1)双重否定最常见的形式有： no(not)...but...没有……不…… no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不 no(not)...unless没有……就不…… not...until直到……才…… 例如：There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。 2)can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over,too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。例如： You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。 We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。 近义词辨析 break, crack, crush, shatter,break, smash 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。 break 是这组词中最常用的，指使某件东西破碎。 If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得赔偿。crack 指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不会成为碎片。 You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 crush
强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形，或成小块，或可恢复原状。 To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒，需先将葡萄压碎。 shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。 The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼 的大部分窗玻璃。smash 突出暴力，击打时动作较猛，被击打的东西往往完全报废。 He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。 全真模拟试题 1. ____ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world. A. In spite of B. That it is C. It was D. Although 2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ____ in a short period of time. A. to have been created B. to becreated C. having been created D. beingcreated 3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation. A. did B. do do D. would do 4. It has been proposed that we ____ our decision until the next meeting. C. can delay D. are to delay 5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour____ originate over tropical ocean waters. A. which B. who to 6. ____ is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large-scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.
英语语法主谓一致
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英语专业四级语法汇总解析
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英语专业四级历年语法试题及答案
英语专业四级历年语法试题 虚拟语气部分 1. If you _____ in such a hurry, you _____ sugar into the sauce instead of salt. (TEM4-1992-50) A. were not, would not put B. were, would put C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put 2. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded. (TEM4-1992-55) A. Hadn’t been for B. Had not it been for C. It hadn’t been for D. Had it not been for 3. She asked that she _____ allowed to see her son in police custody. (TEM4-1993-50) A. would be B. could b C. be D. was 4. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.
(TEM4-1994-53) A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 5. It was recommended that passengers _____ smoke during the flight. (TEM4-1994-58) A.not B. need not C. could not D. would not 6. _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with questions. (TEM4-1994-62) A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized D. As I realized 7. _____, he would not have recovered so quickly. (TEM4-1995-65) A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 8. I _____ the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people
英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题及解析
2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers 选D。合成名词复数，man/woman这种，两种都要变成复数，比如women drivers。
英语语法主谓一致
英语语法主谓一致 指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。处理主谓一致问题，可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。根据这些原则，总结如下： 一.谓语动词用单数 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。 例如：To work hard is necessary.努力工作是必要的。 Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。 It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。 (2)事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品的名称(专有名词)用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The United States was formed in 1776.美国于1776年成立。 The New York Times still has a wide circulation.纽约时报发行量仍然很大。 Roots is a novel about a black family.《根》是一部关于(美国)黑人家庭的小说。 (3)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。 例如：Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。 Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。 Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。 4)表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.语言学是人类语言中的一个分枝。(5)有些名词形式是复数，意义为单数，作主语时，要求单数动词。 例如：The chaos was stopped by the police.混乱被警察阻止了。 The news is a great encouragement to us.这新闻对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。 Her present whereabouts is still unknown.她目前的行踪仍然不明。 (6)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟as well as (以及)，no less than (不少于……，多达)，rather than(而不是)，more than(不止是，超过)，but(除了)，except(除……外)，besides( 加之，还有)，with(和……一起，和……一块儿)，along with(跟……一起)，accompanied by ( 由……陪同)，combined with(加上)，in addition to(除……以外)，including(包括)，together with(与……一起)等，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 (7)某些不定代词，如：either,neither,each,one,other,another,anybody,anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 等，当他们作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如：Each of the boys has an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。 Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。 Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。 但是口语中当either或neither后+of+复数名词(或代词)作定语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。例如：Is (Are)either of the boys ready?两个男孩都准备好了吗? Neither of the novels is (are)interesting.哪一本小说都没意思。 (8)集合名词作主语表示整体概念时，动词用单数谓语形式。 例如：The government is made up of senior members of the four main right wing parties. 这届政府由四个主要右翼党的高级官员组成。 His family is not very large.他的家庭并不太大。 The staff of our school is opposed to the drastic changes in the system of education.
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题
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英语专四语法真题
综英专四真题 一、谓语动词 63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language. （2008） A. would make B. had made C. made D. makes 58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ____in the road construction project. （2007） A. arise B. will arise ? C. arose D. have arisen 59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____impossible to comprehend. (2006) A. had found B. finds C. has found D. would find（2007） 60.He would have finished his college education, but he______ to quit and find a job to support his family. （2007） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have 54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday. (2005) A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came 55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. (2005) A. I was and always will be B. I have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be 56.Jack __ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. 2003 A. has been missing B. has been missed C. had been missing D. was missed 2. For some time now, world leaders ___out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. 2002 a. had been pointing b. have been pointing c. were pointing d. pointed 二、非谓语动词： 非谓语动词–分词
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
English英语专八专四学习复习资料 英语专四语法重点汇总 版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权,禁止下载使用。 注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下： mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下： 如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事” 如：“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”
如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事” 如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下： 如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：It’s no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth. 如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句： There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句） 牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.
英语专四语法之句子成分
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英语语法主谓一致练习题
Exercise for subject-verb concord choice: manager or his assistant __ going to attend the meeting. A. were B. are C. is D. has 2. Two weeks __ enough for us to finish the task. B. are 3. Her politics __ neither conservative nor liberal. B. has been C. was D. is round and a square table __ in the shop window. A. was exhibiting B. was exhibited C. were exhibiting exhibited he got to the fair, what were left behind __ ten empty bottles. A. was B. were is always a possibility that the infection will return, but so far there __ been no signs of trouble. A. has D. had 7. George is the only one of the brightest students who __ from New York University. graduated graduated graduated D. are graduated 8. Hard work and plain living _ characteristics of the working class. A. were B. is C. has been the first part of the book is easy, the rest __ . A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 10. Every policeman and fireman __ on the alert. A. was B. were C. have been D. are 11. Since the Chernobyl nuclear explosion，The public__ great concern over the safety of nuclear power plants. A. has shown B. showed C. shows D. is shown 12. Ten percent of the workers in this city __ now on strike. A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be 13. Several of the cups in the set __ in delivery. A. were smashed B. was smashing C. was smashed D. were smashing 14. Bacon and scrambled eggs __ the standard American breakfast. A. is B. are C. is to be D. are to be 15. In cold climates, the wood-frame dwelling, properly built and insulated, _ warmest type of home. A. and the B. the C. is the D. where it is growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes __ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A. allow C. allowing D. have allowed 17. Television is one of the great advances in methods of communication that _ made in the 19th century. A. was B. were C. are D. has been 18. The office staff __ gathered to hear the president speak. A. will B. are D. has been 19. The auxiliary police __ to report for duty at the headquarters immediately.
英语专业四级语法重点汇总
英语专八专四学习复习资料English 英语专四语法重点汇 总 ,禁止下载使用。版权所有，违者必究，未经协议授权注：如恶意泄漏该资料，或通过该资料作为任何盈利的手段，作者有权追究其法律责任。 本资料为过来人的考试经验所整理，也需结合其他复习书籍一起备考哦 这份资料集结历年专四的考试重点，按考试经验已经过筛选 一、非谓语动词的主要考点 1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的，但是在意思上是有区别的，主要常考到的动词罗列如下： mean to do想要（做某事）VS mean doing意味（做某事）propose to do 打算（做某事）VS propose doing建议（做某事）forget to do忘记（要做的事）VS forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）VS remember doing记得（做过）go on to do继而（做另一件事）VS go on doing继续（做原来的事）stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾VS regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔 2. 不定式的习惯用法 典型句型整理如下： 如：“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事” 如：“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事” 如：“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”
“不能不做某事””——can do nothing but do“如： 如：“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事” 如：“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事” 例句：The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor. When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus. 3. 动名词的习惯用法 典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下： 如：be busy/active doing sth. 如：It's no good/use doing sth. 如：spend/waste time doing sth. 如：have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 如：have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. 如：There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth. 例句： There is no use crying over spilt milk.（典型例句） 牛奶洒了，哭也没用；后悔是没有用的；覆水难受 I really have problem solving these mathematic questions
英语语法主谓一致
主谓一致 1.主谓一致是指英语中谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词一致。 2.主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 （1）语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 I often help him and he often helps me. （2）意义一致原则：主语和谓语在意义上单复数一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。 The police are searching the woods for the murderer. （3）就近一直原则：当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词由靠近它的主语确定。 并列主语的谓语一致 1.And （1）两个单数名词用and连接，表示不同概念时，谓语用发复数。 Tom and Jack are close friends. （2）两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一歌人、同一个物，同一个概念，或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语用单数。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. （3）被every，each，many a，no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语仍用单数，其中，后一个限定词可以省略。 every ……and ……every，each……and……each，no……and……no, many a……and……many a。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. （4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数。 Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活简朴一种优良品质。 Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying. （5）由and连接的两个what的从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定单复数 What he says and does do not agree.（言行不一致） What he says and does does not concern me. 2.由either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和邻近的主语一致。 Either Tom or I is going there. 3、“with/along with/together with/as well as/as much as/expect/besides/including/rather than/but/等+名词”结构时，谓语单复数不受这些词影响。 You father as well as you is very kind to me, 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 1.集合名词 （1）表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。 如：family，company, committee, government, nation,
英语专业四级考试语法汇总
独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 表示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 *注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。