英语说明文写法汇编
英语说明文写法
(五)说明文写作方法
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型:
1.例证法
这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。
2.定义法
下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。
3.分类法
分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。
4.因果关系法
事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括"由果推因"(由结果去推测原因)和"由因推果"(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。
5.过程分析法
过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是"What happens";因果关系研究的对象是"Why it happens",而过程分析研究的对象是 "How it happens"
还必须说明的是,在实际写作中,我们很少单独采用上述几种方法中的某一种。不少段落(或文章)的写作都是综合使用各种不同的写作方法。同时还应明确,在写作中有意识地侧重使用某一种方法是有好处的。此外,上述这些说明文的写作方法在议论文中也常被采用。如何使用这些方法,写出一篇好的文章来,需在平时认真积累,勤加练习。
范文
关于能源的问题成为了近年来大家关心的热点问题。很多不可再生能源需要大家去保护，节约。为了帮大家理清写这类作文的思路，我们来看一篇范文：
Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It plays an important role in many fields such as industry, agriculture and the daily life of men. Electricity is a source of energy that makes it possible for the
factories to turn out products and for people to create comfortable living conditions, for example.
If there were no electric power, things would be quite different. Machines could not run and people would have to fall back on their hands to produce what is essential for them to keep alive. Traffic would have to stop at night because there would be no lights in the street. A world in darkness would no longer be a pleasant one. In a word, things would be in a mess.
Therefore, we should realize the importance of electricity. As electricity is insufficient in our country, we should be frugal in using electricity. We should make great efforts to produce more electricity.
Attend Your Classes Regularly
大学生出勤率问题
1：大学校园里，迟到，早退，旷课是常见的现象2：保证学生出勤水平对大学教育的重要性3：作为学生应该怎么做
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way of communication in people’s life in recent years”及讲述影响的过渡句“With these changes，people’s pace of life has__been__quickened__and people’s work has__been__made more efficient ”。相对来说，本文用第三人称容易把握。 Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years. In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time.What’s more，people have easy access to the Internet，which enables them to send and receive emails whenever they like.With these changes，people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient.It used to take several days to hear from each other，but now it takes only
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英语作文说明文
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英语图表作文范例
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英语概要写作模板
.提取信息的技巧 1.阅读材料若是一个故事 ,找出5个W和1个H。其中。最重要的要点是"某人(who)做了做事(what"。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上故事的寓意(即5W1H+moral)。 2.议论文的阅读材料,则要根据文章结构找出其论点论据和结论。 3.现象类说明文的阅读材料,要找出“现象”“造成这种现象的原因”“解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议”。 二、夹叙夹议文的概要 Version1: The passage 1 writer highlights 1 stresses 1 emphas izes the importance/value /significance o.) by sharing anilumi nating story/an unforgettable try...(5W1H) Version2: The instructive story that 1 The writer' s unfor gettable experience that..(5W1H), conveys 1 shows 1 displays 1reflects/indicates a truth/lesson that.... (èê) 灵活运用 阅读下面短文,用约30个词概括其主要内容。 1.(2011J -l- - t#) Good morning , Ladies and gentlemen. This is Li Hua from Senior Three. I' m here today to share with youa good lesson from an overseas Chinese student living in Germany. It
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英语说明文的写作方法 1.罗列法（listing） 在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。 罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习 There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，… We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first，second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。 2.举例法（examples） 举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example，for instance，still another example is…等词语引出 举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。 3.比较法（comparison and contrast） 比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法 在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。 4.定义法（definition） 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语比如 A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird. 5.顺序法（sequence of time，space and process） 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 6.分类法（classification）分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法 Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed，and some few to be chewed and digested， that is，some books are to be read only in parts，others to be read，but not curiously，and some f ew to be read wholly，and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others；but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…
考研英语图表作文写作方法和模板
图表作文（一） 第一节图表作文的类型 图表作文可分为两大类：表作文和图作文。 表作文 表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化，便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。如下表： 用表格表达的信息具体准确，而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系，表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如，上面的表格中的数字说明，和1978年相比，1983年大学入学的人数在增加，而小学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。 图作文 图作文又可分为三种：圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。 (1) 圆形图作文 圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如：This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure. (2) 曲线图作文 曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说，曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等，然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如： 这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份，纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知，前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39)，此后一直呈下降的趋势，十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见，1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。 (3) 条形图作文 条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时，常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示：1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时，要先看图例，再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量，每一个刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如： 左边的条形图的横轴代表时间，纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy)，这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间，纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant Mortality)，这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁，而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。
新版高考英语 说明文阅读理解技巧点拨
说明文阅读理解技巧点拨 科普说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁，包括自然科学类和社会科学类，反映和总结处于世界前沿的自然科学和技术工程（如太空探索、环境保护、生物进化、人体生理、物质微观探索、植物转基因研究等）及社会科学方面的发展状况、科研动向和最新科研成果。 一、文体特点 科普说明文是阅读理解考查的主要体裁之一，地位举足轻重。2017年高考科普说明文的占比继续提升（见下表），全国7套试卷中，除了天津卷以外的6份高考卷均有科普说明文的考查，江苏卷延续2016年的风格，考查了两篇科普说明文。了解此类试题的命题特点及解题策略，对于考生提升高考阅读理解的分数十分重要。 2017年高考英语科普说明文考查情况统计表 目录试卷位置主要内容 全国新课标I 卷阅读D篇介绍了一种可以自己亲手制作的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原理。 全国新课标II 卷阅读C篇介绍了新型交通工具陆空两用汽车的独特性能和前景。 全国新课标III 卷阅读D篇介绍了老年人开车会面临的问题及相应的解决办法。 北京卷阅读D篇随着科技的发展，人工智能(AI)可能会超出人类的控制。 浙江卷阅读B篇介绍了当今美国青少年晚睡的坏习惯，以及产生的原因和应对措施等。 江苏卷阅读B、D篇 B：介绍了一项新发现：幼鸟在被孵化前母鸟便教它们识别声音了。 D：世界各地适应如今全球变暖的气候的方法。
1. 阅读材料的选择 由上表可见，科普说明文的取材具有如下特点：（1）说明性。科普说明文的写作目的在于介绍科学知识，如全国新课标Ⅰ卷D篇。（2）单一性。一篇科普说明文，一般只说明一个科学现象，介绍一种科学知识，2017年各地的试卷中的科普说明文都具备这一特点。（3）通俗性。科普说明文介绍的知识多是普及性的，所以要求用通俗有趣的语言，深入浅出地进行说明，如浙江卷B篇。值得关注的是，最近几年的科普说明文的取材有新的趋势；（4）专业性。少数选题表现为篇幅长、生词多、逻辑性强、长难句多、话题陌生且枯燥，表达方式专业化的特点，如江苏卷B篇。 2. 语篇结构/文体特点 科普说明文强调知识性，以说明为主要表达方式，无论是自然科学类和社会科学类，篇章结构都具有结构严谨、逻辑性强等特点，因此识别和理解科普说明文的语篇结构往往是读懂文章的关键因素之一。科普说明文在结构上常用的写作方法有：（1）总分式。在说明事物或事理时，段落（层次）之间常为由总到分、由分到总。（2）承接式。各层次之间按照时间、因果、条件、发展过程等关系安排，前后之间相互承接。（3）递进式。说明的事物以发展进程为序，由简单到复杂、由低层到高层、或由开始到终结，各层次之间的关系由浅入深，后面的内容为前面内容基础上的进一步说明。 3. 语言特点 科普说明文的词汇具有单一性、准确性和学术性的特点，一般不带有感情色彩；句式结构复杂、长难句多；语法分析较为困难，常使用被动语态、虚拟语气等；修辞手段丰富，容易造成理解的障碍。其中，常见的修辞手段有：（1）下定义。为说明的对象给出一个明确的概念或界定。（2）举例子。举出有代表性的恰当的例子来真切地说明事物的特征。（3）做比较。对事物外部或内部关系的比较增加说明事物的效果。（4）打比方。适当运用比喻以增强说明对象的形象性和生动性。 4. 设题特点 科普说明文的设题方式很多，可以考查学生多种阅读技能，加之素材和话题陌生的因素，科普说明文往往是学生阅读理解的重灾区。从阅读微技能的角度，科普说明文的题目设置常为： （1）细节理解 48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by ______.（2016年天津卷第48题）
高中英语满分写作模板：说明文写作模板
高中英语满分写作模板：说明文写作模板 万能句型 (1)It is located in/situated in... 它坐落在…… (2)China is a large country with a long history and much population. 中国是一个历史悠久、人口众多的大国。 (3)The Great Wall of China dates back to more than 2，500 years ago. 中国长城的历史可以追溯到2 500多年前。 (4)New Zealand has a population of about 3.8 million people, of which about fourteen percent are Maori. 新西兰有大约380万人，其中约14%是毛利人。 (5)You will never regret if you pay a visit to it. 如果你参观它，你将绝对不会后悔的。 (6)It is really a great feast for your eyes. 它真的会让你大饱眼福。 (7)A trip to China will make you know more about it besides/as well as/in addition to/apart from its culture and history. 中国之行，除了它的文化和历史之外，将会让你知道得更多。
(8)Go along the street until you come to the traffic lights. 沿这条路一直走到红绿灯那儿。 (9)My home is not far from here. It's only five minutes' walk. 我家离这儿不远，只有步行5分钟的路程。 (10)As a matter of fact, the main cause of it is... 实际上，它的主要原因是…… (11)To ensure success, there is one more thing that you must bear in mind, that is... 为了确保成功，还有一点你必须记住，那就是…… (12)If you can do what has been mentioned above, you can guarantee success. 如果你能做到上面提到的，你就可以取得成功。 黄金模板 模板A 解决问题型模板： 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径。基本结构是：(1)问题的现状和严重性;(2)怎样解决(不同解决方案的优点和缺点);(3)对解决该问题的看法。
说明文英语作文
英语说明文范文 1 2. something you must know this library is and english language teaching and learning library. if you want to borrow some books, you must fill out a library application form and put it in the box on the librarians desk. because of the large number of applications we receive each week, you must wait oneweek. please bring your student or work card to pick up your library card. library application forms which are not picked up within 2 months will be discarded and you will have to reapply. 3. english corner without you ,it would have never been possible. thank you. 4. this is a diagram of our schoolyard. it is four hundred meters long and three hundred meters wide. the school gate faces the south. our teaching building stands in the middle of our school yard. it is a building of five stories .the teachers offices are on the third floor. there is a garden in front of the teaching building. on the left of the garden is our library. our lab is on the right of the garden. there is a large playground behind the teaching building. many trees are planted around the school-yard. 5. english dictionaries most english dictionaries will tell you a number of things about the language. there are three important things, spelling, pronunciation and meanings. the first is the spelling of the words. if you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. the words are always given in alphabetical order. the second thing is pronuncia- tion, most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet, which is called phonetic. the third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words, many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will explain all of the words meanings. these are some of the important facts that you can learn from dictionaries. 6. hans christian anderson hans christian anderson was a world-famous writer of fairy tales. he was born in 1805. when he was eleven his father died. his family was then so poor that he could not go to school during his childhood. he learned sewing from a tailor. at the age of fourteen, he went to work in a theatre. later helped by some warm-hearted artists, he went to school. in 1828, he began to get advanced education. after graduation, he devoted himself to literature. he wrote plays, novels, poems and so on. he worked hard at literature. this led to his great success. he wrote more than 160 stories in all .he was famous for his funny fairy tales, which became popular all over the world. he died in 1875. 7. my favorite program nowadays radios and tvs play a more and more important role in our daily life.