_中国文化失语_我国英语教学的缺陷南京大学外国语学院从丛

_中国文化失语_我国英语教学的缺陷南京大学外国语学院从丛

类号:B I22

光明日报/2000年/10月/19日/第C01版/

/中国文化失语0:我国英语教学的缺陷

南京大学外国语学院从丛

改革开放二十余年来,我国英语教学所取得的成就是有目共睹的。然而,以往以应试教育为重心的教学体系所具有的严重弊端,尤其是对语言实际运用能力的忽视,亦已得到愈来愈充分的显现,促使多层次英语教学改革如火如荼地展开。

许多大、中、小学均摒弃了以灌输语法知识为轴心的传统教学体系而采用侧重实际交际能力、能使学生在实际语境中学习英语的体系。笔者在承担南京大学非英语专业博士生英语教学工作中,也进行了适应博士生需要的、以国际学术交流实用英语教学为重心的教学体系改革。经过9届的教学实践,取得了一定成效。正是在从事这种最高学历层次上的英语教学改革实践的过程中,笔者逐步认识到我国英语教学迄今仍普遍存在着一个重大问题,即/中国文化失语0现象。

由于社会语言学、文化语言学、语用学与跨文化交流等学科的兴起与发展,外语教学/不仅仅是语言教学,而且应该包括文化教学0这一理念,已逐步成为我国外语界的共识。加大外语教学的文化含量,已成为我国外语教学特别是英语教学改革的一个重要方面,这是非常值得欢迎与肯定的。然而,纵观我国多层次英语教学,在增大文化含量上却有着一种共通的片面性,即仅仅加强了对英语世界的物质文化、制度习俗文化和各层面精神文化内容的介绍,而对于作为交际主体的一方的文化背景$$中国文化之英语表达,基本上仍处于忽视状态。

的确,对一种自然语言所负载的文化意蕴及其多层面背景有相当的了解,是成功地习得该种语言并运用其进行文化交流的必要条件。但是我们不应忘记,无论是汉语/交流0,还是英语的/c o m m u n i c a t i o n0一词,其所表示的交际行为都是/双向0的。跨文化交流决不能仅局限于对交流对象的/理解0方面,而且还有与交际对象的/文化共享0和对交际对象的/文化影响0方面,在某些情况下,后两者对于成功交际则更为重要。如果说,由于以往英语教学西方文化含量的缺乏,导致了我们在国际交往中的多层面交流障碍(主要是/理解障碍0),那么英语教学中中国文化含量几近于空白的状况,对于国际交流的负面影响则更为严重。我们不难观察到,许多有相当英文程度的中国青年学者,在与西人交往过程中,始终显示不出来自古文化大国的学者所应具有的深厚文化素养和独立的文化人格。当西方同行怀着敬意探询

C o n f u c i a n i s m/T a o i s m(儒/道)的真谛时,我们的学者却心有余而力不足,只能顾左右而言他。更

有甚者,为数不少的中国学者不知令西方人也十分崇敬的孔夫子的英文译名是C o n f u c i o u s,还有人闹出把M e n c i u s(孟子)奉为异国圣者而译为/门修斯0的笑语。在笔者从事博士生英语教学过程中也发现了如下绝非个别的现象;有些博士生有较高的基础英语水平,也有较高的中国文化修养,但是一旦进入英语交流语境,立即呈现出/中国文化失语症0,在日常汉语交流中所表现出的中国文化底蕴就显得苍白,这不能不说是我国基础英语教学的一大缺陷。

近年来,在南京大学博士生英语教学中,我们正在逐步把博士生英语阅读课程之重心改为有关中国哲学、历史、宗教及文学艺术的英文文献阅读,并将其作为国际学术交流实用英语教学的重要组成部分,此举受到广大博士生和博士生导师的普遍欢迎。但是,这种/亡羊补牢0之举的作用自然是十分有限的。要真正克服我国英语教学的上述缺陷,就应当把中国文化的英语表达教育贯穿到各层次英语教学之中。我国英语界和中国文化界同仁应携手研究有关教学内容的合理配置,使学生使用英语表达中国文化的水平与基础英语水平的提高及对西方文化背景的了解呈同步增长之势。只有这样,才能使我们的学者与国人在使用英语进行交流过程中具有坚实的文化主体性和文化操守。

许多中外学者都预言二十一世纪将是中国文化发挥愈益重要作用的世纪。然而,在短期内使汉语成为国际交流的主体语言,显然是不可能的。面对英语作为实际的/世界语0的现实,中国文化的英语表达,无疑是博大精深的中国文化在新时代发挥其应有作用的必经途径。所有从事国际交流的中国人,尤其是各界学者都应担负起传承中国文化,与世界人民共享人类宝贵精神财富的责任。在多层次英语教学中系统引入和加强中国文化教育,既是成功地开展跨文化交流的需要,也是全球化大趋势下文化互补与融合的时代需求。唯有如此,才能为世人所期盼的一批学贯中西的学术大师在新世纪的产生提供必要的文化积淀。因此,中国文化英语表达之教学,无疑应成为我国各层次英语教学共同担负的重要任务。

常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译

常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译 风水:Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历:solar calendar 阴历:lunar calendar 闰年:leap year 十二生肖:zodiac 春节:the Spring Festival 元宵节:the Lantern Festival 清明节:the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节:the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节:the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节:the Double-ninth Day 七夕节:the Double-seventh Day 春联:spring couplets 春运:the Spring Festival travel 把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运:turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year 庙会:temple fair 爆竹:firecracker 年画:(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱:New Year gift-money 舞龙:dragon dance 舞狮:lion dance 元宵:sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯:festival lantern 灯谜:lantern riddle 食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要,但甜食对于农历新年特别重要,因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year. 传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds. 四合院:Siheyuan/ Quadrangle 亭/阁:pavilion/attic 刺绣:Embroidery 剪纸:Paper Cutting 书法:Calligraphy 针灸:Acupuncture 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 偏旁:radical 战国:Warring States 人才流动:Brain Drain/Flow 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals ——仅供参考

100个中国传统文化英文单词

100个中国传统文化英文单词 1.元宵节:Lantern Festival 2.刺绣:Embroidery 3.重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4.清明节:Tomb sweeping day 5.剪纸:Paper Cutting 6.书法: Calligraphy 7.对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8.象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9.雄黄酒:Realgar wine 10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国:Warring States 12.风水 :Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.昆曲 :Kunqu Opera 14.长城 :The Great Wall 15.集体舞 :Group Dance 16.黄土高原 :Loess Plateau 17.红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19.花鼓戏:Flower Drum Song 20.儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21.中国结:Chinese knotting 22.古装片:Costume Drama 23.武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25.越剧:Yue Opera 26.火锅:Hot Pot 27.江南:South Regions of the Yangtze River 28.《诗经》:The Book of Songs 29.谜语:Riddle 30.《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.《红楼梦》:A Dream of Red Mansions 32.《西游记》:The Journey to the West 33.除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸 :Acupuncture 35.唐三彩 :Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.二人转 : Errenzhuan 37.偏旁 :Radical 38.孟子:Mencius 39.亭 / 阁:Pavilion/ Attic 40.黄梅戏 :Huangmei opera 41.火药 :Gunpowder 42.农历 :Lunar Calendar 43.印 / 玺 :Seal/Stamp 44.腊八节 :The laba Rice Porridge Festival 45.京剧 :Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 46.秦腔 :Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 47.太极拳 :Tai Chi 48.《本草纲目》: Compendium of Materia Medica 49.天坛 :Altar of Heaven in Beijing 50.小吃摊 :Snack Bar/Snack Stand 51.红双喜 :Double Happiness 52.国子监:Imperial Academy

上海高考英语作文之传统文化必备词汇

传统文化——必备词汇 1. Lantern Festival 元宵节 2. Embroidery 刺绣 3. Double-Ninth Festival 重阳节 4. Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节 5. paper cutting 剪纸 6. Siheyuan/Quadrangle 四合院 7. Warring States 战国 8. Kunqu Opera 昆曲 9. Flower Drum Song 花鼓戏 10. Confucian culture 儒家文化 11. Tang Poetry 唐诗 12. Tang Dynasty 唐朝 13. Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 14. Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 京剧 15. Beijing Roast Duck 北京烤鸭 16. Paper Cutting 剪纸 17. lunar calendar 农历 18. the Palace Museum 故宫博物院 19. traditional Chinese festivals 中国传统节日 20. protecting traditional Chinese culture 保护中国传统文化

传统文化——必备句子 1. There are lots of places of interest in Beijing. 2. There are many places of interest where you can experience the traditional Chinese culture in Beijing. 3. I'm glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals. 4. As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity in our country 5. My favorite Chinese festival is the Spring Festival which comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year. 6. In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture. 7. In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. 8. In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively. 一篇好的书面表达,不仅要有亮眼的词汇,语法正确的句子,还要条理清晰地阐述自己的观点,并做到有理有据。下面我们就结合考题来看一看有关传统文化写作的题目和范文。 传统文化——写作题目与范文 (一) 某中学生英文报就“保护中国传统文化”为主题举行英语征文活动。你准备给该报投稿,稿件内容包括: 1. 保护中国传统文化的重要性 2. 列举1-2个你所知道的国家或当地政府文化保护的事例; 3. 谈谈你对文化保护的建议。 注意: 1. 字数:120词。 2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

中国文化英语教程文本

Part I Wisdom and Beliefs Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu). Confucius on Heaven: the source of Everything In the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven”as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.” Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole. Confucius on People: ren and li Ren and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people. When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “ The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious about them while away from home. Confucius said again, “Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.” By ren, Confucius meant universal love based on love for one’s parents. How should people love one another then? Confucius said, “One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as oneself. While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.” He further said, “Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.” Thus from oneself to one’s family, from family to society, one should extend love to all people. Mencius (c. 372-289 BC), a great Confucian scholar, best summarized ren as, “loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.” Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of these, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, because they rose from human feelings. He said, “A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.” He naturally love his parents. The ritual of wearing mourning for a deceased parent for three years was an expression of the child’s love and remembrance. Confucius on the State of life

中国传统文化英语翻译.

1.香囊(scented sachet),古代也称“香袋”,通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子,里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案,每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如,双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品,而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。 翻译:Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness. 2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会,是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己,远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术,这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生,然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。 翻译:Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”,which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts. 3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏,源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长,共90个交叉点,构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争,部署马匹、战车,根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前,中国象棋已传至全世界,进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。

中国传统文化英文词汇100个

中国传统文化英文词汇100个 1、元宵节Lantern Festival 2、刺绣Embroidery 3、重阳节Double-Ninth Festival 4、剪纸Paper Cutting 5、书法Calligraphy 6、清明节Tomb-sweeping Day 7、对联(春联)(Spring Festival) Couplers 8、象形文字Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9、雄黄酒Realgar wine 10、四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11、战国Warring States 12、风水Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13、昆曲Kunqu Opera 14、长城The Great Wall 15、集体舞Group Dance 16、黄土高原Loess Plateau 17、红白喜事Weddings and Funerals 18、中秋节Mid-Autumn Festival 19、花鼓戏Flower Drum Song 20、儒家文化Confucian Culture 21、中国结Chinese knotting 22、古装片Costume Drama 23、武打片Chinese Swordplay Movie 24、元宵Tangyuan /Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25、越剧Yue Opera 26、火锅Hot Pot 27、江南South Regions of the Yangtze River 28、《诗经》The Book of Songs 29、谜语riddle 30、《史记》Historical Records /Records of the Grand Historian 31、《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions 32、《西游记》The Journey to the West 33、除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve /Eve of the Spring Festival 34、针灸Acupuncture 35、唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri- colored pottery 36、二人转Errenzhuan 37、偏旁Radical 38、孟子Mencius 39、亭/阁Pavilion/Attic 40、黄梅戏Huangmei Opera 41、火药Gunpowder 42、农历Lunar Calendar 43、印/玺Seal/Stamp 44、腊八节The laba Rice Porridge Festival 45、京腔Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 46、秦腔Crying of Qin People /Qin Opera 47、太极拳Tai Chi 48、《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica 49、天坛Altar of Heaven in Beijing 50、小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand 51、红双喜Double Happiness 52、国子监Imperial Academy 53、春卷Spring Roll(s) 54、莲藕Lotus Root 55、罗盘Luopan 56、故宫博物院The Palace Museum 57、相声Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 58、五行Five Phases 59、北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck 60、《桃花扇》The Peach Blossom Fan 61、木偶戏Puppet Show 62、敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves 63、电视小品 TV Sketch/TV Skit 64、甲骨文Oracle Bone Inscriptions 65、古筝Chinese Zither 66、二胡Urheen 67、门当户对Perfect Match /Exact Match 68、《水浒》Water Margin /Outlaws of the Marsh 69、文房四宝(笔墨纸砚) The Four Treasure of the Study (Brush, Inkstick, Paper and Inkstone) 70、兵马俑Cotta Warriors /Terracotta Army 71、旗袍Cheongsam

中国文化英语教程复习课件综合版

Review Outline for "English Introduction to Chinese Culture Course" Overview & Introduction: See the picture on the right, and describe them in English. Video: This is China BBC: Wild China Full Name of China: PRC-People's Republic of China National Flag: the red five-star flag Party in power: CPC-Communist Party of China CPPCC-Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Emblem Key words: Forbidden City/ Imperial Palace; Temple of Heaven; Summer Palace; Ming Tombs; The world-renowned Badaling section of the Great Wall; to be added more... Enjoy videos: NBC北京奥运会片头 《北京欢迎你》 Geography Location Southeast Asia , the Pacific Ocean, the world‘s third largest country. million square kilometers, 18,000 kilometers, a rooster. northern end: Mohe, Heilongjiang Province, south: Zengmu Ansha west: Pamirs east: the conjunction of the Heilongjiang (Amur) River and the Wusuli (Ussuri) River. Boundary East: Korea North: Mongalia Northeast: Russia Northwest: Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan West & Southwest: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan South: Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam

中国文化相关词汇英文翻译

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