高中英语词语辨析(八)

高中英语词语辨析(八)
高中英语词语辨析(八)

高中英语词语辨析(八)

anyway与any way

这一对词的意思并不一样。anyway和anyhow同义,但前者多用于美国英语,后者多用于英国英语。anyway 在句中用作副词和连接词,义:“无论如何”、“不管怎样”,相当于in any case和at any rate。例:Anyway,we can try.

不管怎样,我们可以试试看。

I will not change my mind anyway.

无论如何,我不愿意改变我的宗旨。

“I can give you a lift if you

wait”—“No,I'll walk Thanks,anyway.”

“如果你等一下,我可以驾我的车送你去。

”——“不用了,我步行好了。谢谢你(尽管我不坐你的车)!”。

Any way的意思是“任何方法”、“任何方式”,way 是名词,any是修饰它的定语。例:

If there is any way in which you can help me tide over the difficulties,let me know.

如果你有什么办法帮助我度过难关,请告诉我。

He could not find the way to the village in any way.

他怎么也找不到那条通向村庄的马路。

I cannot manage it any way.

我无法做到此事。

在上面第一个例句中,any way是用作条件状语从句的主语;在第二个例句中,any way作介词in的宾语;在第三个例句中,any way用作状语,修饰谓语动词cannot manage。

as well as与as well

这一对短语仅差一字之微,意义相近,故很易引起混淆。

作为习语用作介词时,as well as的涵义是“还有

”、“不但…而且…”。值得注意的是,在A as well as B的结构里,语意的重点在A,不在B。因此,“He can speak Spanish as well as English.”的译文应该是:“他不但会说英语,而且会讲西班牙语”,决不能译作:“他不但会说西班牙语,而且会讲英语”。如果这样翻译,就是本末倒置了。as well as和not only… but also…同义,但前者的语意重点和后者的语意重点恰好颠倒。

如果as well as用作连词引出比较从句,其义为“和…一样好”。因此,“He speaks Spanish

as well as English.”应译作:“他说西班牙语像说英语一样好”。语意的重点依旧在前部,不在后半部。

请注意as well as以下的用法:

She called on you as well as I.

不但我来看你,她也拜访了你。

She called on you as well as me.

她不但拜访了我,也拜访了你。

在下列句中,as well as表示“像…一样”的涵义:

She as well as you is an English teacher.

她像你一样也是英文教师。

这里的谓语动词用is,不用are,因为句中的主语是she,不是she和you。

As well是副词短语,其义为“也”,相当于too,它一般放在句末,有时和连词and或but搭配使用。例:He is a worker,and a poet as well.

他是工人,但也是诗人。

China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well.

中国拥有大量煤炭,其他的矿藏也很丰富。

Mr.Liu can speak English,but he can speak Cantonese as

well.

刘先生会说英语,但他也能讲广东话。

asleep与sleeping

这两个词都表示“入睡”、“睡着

”的意思,但用法各异,主要区别有以下几点:(一)asleep是表语形容词,在句中放在

verb“tobe”之后;它不能放在名词之前,例如我们不可以说:Look at the asleep baby,应把asleep改为sleeping。例:

She was fast asleep;I couldn't wake her up.

她睡得很熟,我喊不醒她。

The old man has fallen asleep.

那个老人睡着了。

请注意,be asleep是指“睡着”的状态,如果表示“入睡”的意味,就要用fall asleep。上面两个例句反映了这个区别。

(二)sleeping 是定语形容词,它放在它所修饰的名词之前,如the sleeping baby。如果放在verb“to be”之后(He is sleeping),sleeping不是形容词,而是动词,is sleeping 是现在进行时。例:

Who is that sleeping man?

那个在睡觉的人是谁?

Keep an eye on the sleeping baby.

照看好那个在睡觉的婴孩。

Let sleeping dogs lie.

莫惹事生非。

sleeping一词有构词能力,它能和另一些词构成复合名词。如:sleeping-bag(睡袋);sleeping-car(卧车);sleeping-pill (安眠药);sleeping-sickness(昏睡症);sleeping-partner ((不参与经营的)匿名合伙人)。

Sleeping有一近义词,即sleepy。sleepy既可作表语,又可作定语。作表语时,义:“困倦”、“

想睡觉”,用作定语时,义:“贪睡”、“寂静的”。例:

The children fell sleepy;put them to bed.

孩子们困了,把他们放到床上睡吧。

John is a sleepyhead.

约翰是个贪睡的人。

Here are the outskirts/suburbs of Kowloon.Do you like this sleepy valley?

这里是九龙的郊区。你喜欢这寂静的山谷吗?

at ease与with ease

这两个介词短语的词义范围和使用场合并不相同。at ease

的意思是“安逸地”、“安心地”、“自在地”(feeling confident or relaxed),其反义短语为ill at ease;with ease的意思是“轻松地

”、“容易地”(easily or without difficulty)。

就使用场合而言,at ease即可作表语,亦可作状语;with ease 只能用作状语。例:

The old couple are now quite at ease as their son is out of danger.

这一对老夫妻现在可安心了,因为他们的儿子已经脱离危险。With good social security,the aged can live at ease.

有好的社会保障,老年人都过得很安逸。

Her promise of support set my mind at ease.

她答应支持我,就使我放心了。

I don't know why he is ill at ease.

我不知道为什么他心神不宁。

They fulfilled the task with ease.

他们轻松地完成了任务。

Our football team gained the day with ease.

我们的足球队很轻松地就赢了这场球。

Every day we marched twenty miles with ease.

每天我们毫不费力地行进二十英里。

注:stand at ease是军事术语,义“稍息”;take one's ease是“休息”或“无拘无束”。例:

The soldiers are standing at ease now.

士兵们现在在立正稍息。

We are now taking our ease.

我们现在是优哉游哉。

Please sit and take your ease while enjoying a cup of coffee.

请坐下来舒舒服服地喝杯咖啡。

at heart与by heart

这一组短语的涵义也各不相同。

At heart 的意思是“在心里”、“心底里”或“本质上”(from the heart,from the bottom of one's heart or essentially)。by heart 的意思是“背诵”、“熟记”(by rote;to learn so well that one can remember it perfectly)。请看

下面例句:

That socialite is a rascal at heart.

那个知名人士实质上是个坏蛋。

A councillor should have the collective interest of society at heart.

议员应当关心大众的利益。

At heart,Mr.Lin does not approve your proposal.

林先生的心里并不赞同你的建议。

Mr.Wang looks stem,but he is kind at heart.

王先生看来严肃,但买质上他很仁慈。

I know this poem by heart.

我熟读/我能背诵这首诗。

I don't see the point of learning by heart all the dates in the history book!

我真不明白为什么要把历史书里所有的日期都要记下来!

请注意下列短语的意思:(跟前例have something at heart 相近)

in one's heart of hearts 在内心深处

take something to heart 认真考虑/关注某事

set one's heart on something 决心做/得到某事/物

cut(or touch)sb to the heart 触及某人痛处

one's heart is in something 把整个心放在某事上

与此类似区别的词语有:

in demand 非常需要的,受欢迎的

on demand 一经要求

at fault 有过失的;有错

to a fault 过份地

at hand to hand in hand on hand

at last与at length

这一对短语都有“终于”、“最后

”的意思,但涵义和使用场合有所不同。

At length 这个词组共有三个意义:(1)长时间地。例如:He spoke at(great)length.(2)详细地。例如:They treated the subject at length.(3)终于;最后。例:After flying for ten hours,they got to San Francisco at length.

作第三种意义使用时,at length与at last同义,但它们的内涵却有所不同。当人们做某事时,遇到了困难,经过奋斗,最后得以完成,在这种场合,我们用at last。如果在做的过程中,经历了很长的时间才得以完成,这时候,不论困难大小,都可用at length表示。为此,我们说,at last强调的是“经过努力奋斗”;at length 强调的是“经历很长的时间”。通过下列例句的对比,不难看出

它们之间的区别:

Before they climbed down the side of the cliff,they met with many obstacles,but they surmounted them at last.

从悬崖的侧面爬下来之前,他们遇到了许多障碍,但终于把它们克服了。

In spite of every obstacle,they have at last arrived at the destination.

尽管障碍很多,他们终于到达了目的地。

After a voyage of five months,they at length arrived safe and sound.

经过五个月的航行,他们终于安全抵达。

请注意,用length构成的介词短语很多,常见的有:

Hong Kong Exhibition Centre measures 200 metres in length.

香港展览中心长达二百公尺。

They discussed this problem at great length.

他们非常详细地讨论了这个问题。

Yesterday I had my picture taken at the studio at full length.昨天我在照相馆拍了一张全身照。

They travelled through the length and breadth of the country.

他们走遍全国。

at(the)least与not(in)the least

这一对短语的涵义有很大的差异。

At least的意思是“至少”(指数量或程度上)也可解作“反正就是…”。它与at the least,at the very least同义,可互换使用,但后两者有强调意味,远不及前者用得普遍。

下面请看例句:

The total enrolment of the university in the academic year 1991-1992 was at least 10,000,including undergraduate and postgraduate students.

在1991-1992学年期间,该大学至少有一万名大学生,包括本科大学生和研究主。

Even if you cannot help him,you can give him encouragement at least.

就算你未能帮助他,至少你可以鼓励他。

Whether you like it or not,at the very least,this is reality.不管你是否喜欢,反正这是个现实。

Not the least 的意思是“毫不”、“一点也不”(by no means),也可写作not in the least。但后者一般不用作定语。现今,后者更常见。

Are you cold?—Not(in)the least.

你冷吗?—一点也不冷。

Spanish has not the least interest for them.(作定语,没有in)

他们刘西班牙语毫不感兴趣。

(此句亦可改写为:They do not take the least interest in Spanish)

You shouldn't relax your vigilance(in)the least.

你们不能丝毫放松警惕。

另一方面,not least义为“尤其是,特别是”:That film caused public revulsion,not least among the education circles.

该电影引起公愤,特别是教育界的深恶。

短语least of all的涵义是“最不”。例:That's the thing I like least of all.(这是我最不喜欢的东西)。

at the end of与by the end of

这一对短语的意思都是“在…的末了”、“在…的一端”,意义上相似,但使用场合有所不同。

一般说来,at the end of用于表示具体事物或场所的场合,

它也可以用来表示比喻意。例:

The school is situated at the end of the street.

该校位于这条街的尽头。

We'll have an exam in English at the end of January.

一月底我们要参加英语考试。

They were at the end of their patience.

他们忍无可忍。

He is at the end of his wits.

他智穷才尽,束手无策。

By the end of用于表示时间的场合,往往含有“不迟于”的意味。值得注意的是,at the end of亦可用于表示时间的场合(见上面第二个例句),但其义和by the end of有所不同。试对比下面两例:

at the end of January

一月底(指一月份的最后一天)

by the end of January

一月底之前(指一月份结束前的几天)

We are to complete the task by the end of the year.

年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。

Their communication is at an end.

他们的交往到此为止。

短语in the end的涵义是“终于”、“

最后”,其义相当于at last。例:

I'm sure everything will turn out satisfactory in the end.

我确信,最后一切都会令人满意的。

In the end things will mend.

船到桥头自会直。

await与wait

这两个词都是动词,又都有“期待”、“等候”之意,但用法有所不同,它们的区别如下:(一)await是及物动词,后面直接接宾语;wait虽然也可用作及物动词,但在现代英语中,一般作不及物动词用,与for,to,till,until等词连用。

(二)await的宾语大都是抽象名词,如:decision,reply,arrival,announcement,return等;wait for的宾语一般是人或事物。

The judge awaits the coroner's inquest before giving a verdict.

法官在作裁决前等待验尸官的调查。

I have been waiting for her for an hour at the bus stop.

我在公共车站等候她已一小时了。

(三)await之后接动名词;wait之后接动词不定式。例如:

We shall await hearing further from them.

We shall wait to hear further from them.

我们在静候他们进一步的消息。

(四)await多用于书面语;wait 多用于口语。如:

This plan awaits the approval of the board of directors.

这项计划有待董事局批准。

I have been waiting here for a long time.

我已在这里等了好久了。

(五)wait 除作动词外,还可用作名词。例:

I had a long wait for the train.

我等火车等了好久。

They pursue a policy of wait and see.

他们采取等待和观望的政策。

如上所述,wait在特定情况下也可以用作及物动词,例如:to wait your turn;to wait one's opportunity。

请注意下列句子中await和wait的使用场合:

We await (or wait for)your reply.

We wait for(不能用await)you to reply.

I shall wait to bring her home.(不能用await)

I await (or wait for)your ruling on the matter with some impatience.

当await的主语是没有生命的事物而宾语是人时,await表示

be in store或lie in wait for之意。如:

On arriving at the guest house,he found a telegram awaiting him.

Little did he realize what a surprise awaited him at home.A hearty welcome will await you.

请注意,Time and tide wait(s)for no man(岁月不待人)的wait既可以加s,亦可不加s。

award与reward

这两个词都可以用作名词和动词,作名词时,意义相近,但不是同义词。

作名词时,award的意思是“奖品”、“奖金”,其义与prize近似,两者都指因为作出杰出成就而受奖。例:

The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.He won the second award of $ 2,000.

而reward作名词时,其意为“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬。例:

We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case.

如果有人提供有关案件的情报,我们愿意出一万元赏金。

We don't expect substantial rewards.

我们并不期望得到优厚的报酬。

用作动词时,award的意思是“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”;reward则表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意。例:

He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design.

他获杰出工业设计一等奖。

We judge awarded him twenty thousand dollars as damages.

法官判给他二万元作为赔偿费。

You should reward them according to their deserts.

你应该对他们论功行赏。

Is that how you reward me for my help?

你就是这样来报答我给你的帮助吗?

reward也可以用于比喻意。例:

I would feel amply rewarded if my book—A Study of English Twins—could be of some help to the readers.

如果我的书《英语学生词语之研究》对读者有所帮助的话,我就感到心满意足了。

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became too big 1 him, 2 he bought a smaller one in the next street. There was a very nice old clock in 3 first house and when the men came to take his things to the new house for him. Peter thought,“I’m going to let 4 carry my beautiful old clock in their truck . Maybe they’ll 5 it and then it will be very expensive to repair. ”So he 6 it up and began to carry it down the road in his arms. It was heavy so he stopped two or three 7 to have a rest. Then suddenly(突然地)a small boy came along the road. He stopped and 8 at Peter for a few 9 . Then he said to Peter,“You are a foolish(愚蠢的) 10 , aren’t you Why don’t you buy a watch like everybody else ” Once there was a king. He was very rich and 1 great power. But he wasn't happy. He was 2 . It made him feel sad all the time. No doctor knew what 3 wrong with him. One day one of them 4 to him, "After much thought and study, I have found out that there is only one way for you to get 5 . You must wear the shirt of a happy man. So the king sent(派遣) his men to every part of his land to 6 for a happy man. First, they visited the rich. They asked these people if they were happy. 7 every one of them answered that they didn't know 8 real happiness meant(意 为着). One day, one of the king's men met a woodcutter. "Are you happy" asked the king's men. "As happy as the day is long," answered the woodcutter. "Oh, good!" said the man. " 9 me your shirt." "Why" said the woodcutter. "I haven't got 10 ." 1 about my operation(手术). I was 2 on the operating table 3 the morning of April 16. You can guess how nervous(紧张) I was! One of the 4 told me not to worry about it. After she had got everything ready(准备好), the smiling doctor began to give me an operation. Time passed very 5 . I waited and waited when I was thinking about what had 6 . The great moment came. The doctor said in a loud 7 , “it’s over now, you may go home in six or seven days if everything is OK.” It was 8 for me to pass the 1st and 2nd days. I ate a little. I felt so tired that I only wanted to sleep. But I am much 9 now. Last night, I ate a big piece of cake. I wanted to eat 10 , but mother wouldn’t let me.`

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(一) theyhebreakpicktimeforminuteandmanlookinso Peterlivedwithhismotherinaverybighouseandwhenshedied,thehousebecametoobig1him,2heboughtasmalleroneinthen extstreet.Therewasaveryniceoldclockin3firsthouseandwhenthemencametotakehisthingstothenewhouseforhim.Peterthough t,“I’mgoingtolet4carrymybeautifuloldclockintheirtruck.Maybethey’ll5itandthenitwillbeveryexpensivetorepair.”Sohe6itup andbegantocarryitdowntheroadinhisarms.Itwasheavysohestoppedtwoorthree7tohavearest. Thensuddenly(突然地)asmallboycamealongtheroad.Hestoppedand8atPeterforafew9.ThenhesaidtoPeter,“Youareafoolish(愚蠢的)10,aren’tyou?Whydon’tyoubuyawatchlikeeverybodyelse?” (二) illwhatandwellgivesaywrongbutonehavehowfindlookforbe Oncetherewasaking.Hewasveryrichand1greatpower.Buthewasn'thappy.Hewas2.Itmadehimfeelsadallthetime.Nodoct orknewwhat3wrongwithhim.Onedayoneofthem4tohim,"Aftermuchthoughtandstudy,Ihavefoundoutthatthereisonlyoneway foryoutoget5.Youmustweartheshirtofahappyman. Sothekingsent(派遣)hismentoeverypartofhislandto6forahappyman.First,theyvisitedtherich.Theyaskedthesepeopleiftheywerehappy.7everyo neofthemansweredthattheydidn'tknow8realhappinessmeant(意为着). Oneday,oneoftheking'smenmetawoodcutter."Areyouhappy?"askedtheking'smen. "Ashappyasthedayislong,"answeredthewoodcutter. "Oh,good!"saidtheman."9meyourshirt." "Why?"saidthewoodcutter."Ihaven'tgot10." (三) goodonslowputhappensomethinginvoiceharddoctormuchafraid BeforeIsaygoodbyetothedoctorandnurse.I’dliketotell1aboutmyoperation(手术).Iwas2ontheoperatingtable3themorningofApril16.Youcanguesshownervous(紧张)Iwas!Oneofthe4toldmenottoworryaboutit. Aftershehadgoteverythingready(准备好),thesmilingdoctorbegantogivemeanoperation.Timepassedvery5.IwaitedandwaitedwhenIwasthinkingaboutwhath ad6.Thegreatmomentcame.Thedoctorsaidinaloud7,“it’sovernow,youmaygohomeinsixorsevendaysifeveryth ingisOK. ” https://www.360docs.net/doc/d714929489.html,stnight,Iateabigp ieceofcake.Iwantedtoeat10,butmotherwouldn’tletme.` (四) takelikemakewesononegoodbewithdoctorstaysick Manyyearsago,therelivedadoctorinasmalltown.He__1__goodandkind.Everyoneinthetown__2__himandpeoplealway swenttohimwhentherewassomethingwrong__3__them. Butlater,asthemanbecameold,hehadabadmemory(记忆).It_4___himdosomefoolish(愚蠢的)thingssometimes.“Hemaygive__5__thewrongmedicine,”peoplethoughtandtheydidn’tgotothe__6__anymore.Thedocto rnoticed(注意到)that,buthedidn’tunderstand(理解)._7__heasked,“Whydon’tyoucometomenow?” __8_wantedtomakehimsad,sotheysaid,“Youmakeallofus__9__ingoodhealth.Nooneis__10__now.”Thedoctorwasver yhappywhenheheardthat. (五) andteachbookwithfinishlatehegoodnewspaperlessonsocome Mr.GreenisateacherofEnglish.Hecomes1fromAmerica.Heteaches2EnglishinChina.HespeaksEnglishquitewell3.

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英语中一些常见词语的辨析 alone为形容词,意为“单独的”,只作表语,不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人,没有助手或同伴,没有感***彩的只表示客观的状态。lonely意为“孤独的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有较浓的感***彩,指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词,在句中作表语或定语。作定语时,意为“荒凉;偏僻”,多修饰表示地点的名词。alone还可以作副词。 alone 副词adv. 单独;独自 She went home alone. 她独自回家去了。 After his wife died, he lived alone. 他的妻子死后,他一个人生活。 real既是形容词又是副词,其意为"真的,真实的",在作副词时与true在意义上的主要区别是:real指人的感官觉得某物像"真的",多指真实存在的,而不是想象出来的。如:

Was it real or was it a dream? 这是真的还是个梦? true既是形容词也是副词,意思是"真实的,真正的",其意义与real的区别是:true的"真实"是建立在已知的事实基础上,指与实际相符,不是"发明"或"编造"出来的。如:This is a true story. 这是一个真实的故事。 Is the news true? 这消息是真的吗? a movie based on a true story 一个以真实故事为背景的影片 true与real在某些情况下也可以通用,如在表示一件事情的实际情况与真实情况不符时,true与real都可以用。如:Tell me the real/true reason why he resigned. 告诉我他辞职的真实原因。 He seems quiet but reveals his true/real character on the football field. 他看起来很安静但是在足球场上却展现了他真实的一面。 另外,在说到某事物时举例说他/它有其应有的"重要"性质时,二者均可使用。如: She was his first real/true girlfriend. 她是他的第一个真正的女朋友。 This job will be a true/real test of the new system. 这项工作将会是对这个新系统的一次真实的检验。 real表示客观存在

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