常用动词搭配
常用动词搭配
look
link-v look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来，
look about 四周打量look about for 四处寻找
look ahead 预测未来look as if 看起来好像
look well看起来不错look at看，望，看待
look after照看，照管，照顾，负责处理look back on回顾，回想
look down upon (on)看不起，蔑视look for找寻，自找（麻烦），
look forward to盼望，希望；预计会有look in作短时间的访晤（参观），look in on拜望，顺便来看望look into调查，了解，研究
look on旁观，在旁边看look on … as…把．．．看作
look out查找，找出；当心，注意look out for当心，提防；找寻注意；
look over翻阅，审读；复习look round审视，到处看看；回头望
look through 翻阅，查看；读一遍look to照顾，注意，负责
look up查出，了解；看望，拜访look up and down 上下打量
come
come to a conclusion做出结论come about 发生、产生，造成come across （偶然）遇到，找到，想到come to an end结束
come alone vi.跟上去；快点；进行come back回来
come down vi.下降come down from 从．．．传下来
come from来自，是（某地的）人come into being (existence)开始存
在，建立，产生
come into effect (force)开始生效come near (close) to doing sth.差一点就．come to + 数词共计、达到come true 变为现实，实现
come off 从．．．离开，脱落come on (upon)= come across
come out vi. 出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，发芽come of出生于．家庭/由．．造
成的，是．．的结果
come up 抬头/上来/上升,走过来/到来；提及，被提出长出来come up with产生，发现
（解决办法、答案等）
come along 一起来come by努力获得
come to + 名词来到（某地）come to + 名词谈到，涉及到
come to恢复知觉苏 come to do/ like/understand/realize/see/knowsth：“逐渐take(1)
take a look at 看一看take a nap 小睡
take a taxi 打的take a job接受(工作)
take a bet打赌take a chance 碰碰运气，冒．．．风险
take a risk冒风险take a seat坐下
take an interest in对．．．有兴趣take a photograph ( of ) 照一张相
be taken up with忙于（某事）；喜欢take after 长得像，性格等像
take aim瞄准take along 随身携带
take ．．．as．．．看作，认为take away 拿走；减去；
take back收回（诺言，话语等）送还；退（货）take back to使回想起
take cold感冒，伤风take ill (sick)突然生病
take control of控制住，管住take．for (to be) sth.（错）当作，以为是
take ．．．for example以．．．为例take hold of抓住；吸引住
take down拿下来，取下来；记下来take effect开始起作用；生效
take delight (pleasure) in sth.喜欢（做）某事take delight (pleasure) in doing sth.
take care当心take care to do sth. take care that．．．
take care of照料，料理，当心，注意；处理，对付take charge (of)负责（处理某事或照料某人）；接管
take sth.拿，取，带；吃，喝；占领，赢得；
take．．for granted想当然认为（会是某种情况）；认为是理所当然take it for granted that．．．put
put sth.放，搁put sth. +介词短语使．．．处于某种状态
put sb. to do sth.使．．．做．．．put aside放下，放在一边
put away收起来put back放回原处；推迟
put down放下，写下；镇压，取缔put ... in prison 把…投进监狱
put off put off + n. put off + doing sth.推迟，延期
put on 穿上，戴上，上演，表演，装出put on weight 发福、增加体重
put out 扑灭．使熄灭；出版；广播put though接通电话
put sb. to the trouble of 麻烦某人（做…）put up with忍受，容忍
do
do a good deed 做件好事do away with 废除，破除，取消，消除，干掉do well 做得对，做得好do with 处理，安排，多和what连用）
do with 想要，需要（多和can连用）do with 受不了，不能（多和can’t连用）do good做好事do wrong 做坏事、犯罪
do about sth.对．想某种办法或采取某种行为do up 收拾，整理，打扮；包，扎，系
do sb. a favour (kindness)帮一个忙do sb. the favour to do sth. (that．．)帮忙做．do wonder = work wonder 创造奇迹do one’s bit (duty) 尽一份力（履行职责，做份内的事）do everything (all) one can 尽一切努力，尽力去做
do sb. good (harm) = do good (harm) to sb. 对．．．有好处（害处）
do one’s best= try one’s best尽．．．最大的努力
do something (nothing , anything, little, much) to do with 与．．．有．．．关系
do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb. 委屈，冤枉某人，做对不起某人的事
have
have sth. = have got sth.有；have sth. 吃，喝，
have a good trip 一路顺风have a talk with 与．．．谈话have a seat 坐下have a test 参加测验have to 不得不做．．．had better do sth.最好（做．．．）have a ．．．time 过得．．．have．．．about (on) sb. 身边带有．．．have a word (a few words) with和．．．讲（几）句话have an effect on (upon)对．．．有影响have difficulty in ( doing ) sth.（做）．．有困难（麻烦）have pity on 可怜，同情
have none of 不允许have on着，带着有事、有约会have something to do with 有．．．要做have．．．to do with和．．．有关系have sports 进行体育活动
have sb. do sth.have sb. done have sb. doing sth. have sb. + 介词短语／副词
have a talk (rest, look at, drink, wash, fight, walk, dream, bath, dance, smoke．．．
call
call sb. 叫(喊)某人, 给某人打电话call sb. + 名词/adj.说．．．是．．．,认为．．．call attention to 引起对．．．的注意call away叫走了
call back 回电话；叫回去call for 要求、号召、约请
call in 召集、招来,找来；请来；收回call names骂（人）
call at ( a place ) 访问（某地）call on 拜访、访问
call out to sb. = shout at sb. 向某人吼（叫喊）call up给某人打电话；叫．．．起床
call on (upon) sb. = call at sb’s house 拜望，去会（某人）
call on (upon) sb. to do sth. 叫（请）某人作某事；号召；要求；呼吁
n．pay (make) a call on sb. 访问某人=pay a visit to sb.
give sb. a call = male a calltosb. 给．．．打电话on call 随叫随到，随时可用go
vi. 去；离开；走link-v. go + adj. /bad 变为
be going to 准备或打算做某事go about到处走动；vt.着手干．．．
go after追（捕），追求go against违背，违反；对．．．不利
go ahead开始做．．．；进行；往前走；用吧go all out to do sth.全力以赴做．．．
go along和．．．一道去，和．．．一样干go around(round)到处走；流传，传开go away 走开、离开、逃跑go back to 可追溯到
go bad （食物）变坏、坏掉go beyond超出，超越
go by过去，经过；根据．．．行事；从．．．来看
go down（太阳等）下落，（船）下沉/下降/下跌；传下去
go down on one’s knees跪下，屈膝go Dutch 各付各的钱，打平伙go in for从事（某种职业或工作），有某种爱好go into调查；了解，研究，讨论
go off 离开, 走开go over研究，检查，审阅；复习，讲解，排演；查看go on 发生，进行，进展go on to do sth.接着做．．．
go on doing sth. = go on with sth. 继续做．．．go out出去，出国；熄灭
【辨析】go to bed 上床睡觉（未睡着）go to sleep 睡着
go to pieces破碎go to the dogs变得不可救药，情况变得糟糕极了
go to work干起来go together相配，和谐
go up to向．．．走过来go with相配；和．．．交朋友
go up上涨，涨价；上升，增长；（楼房）盖起来
go through 审阅，检查，讨论；查看，翻找，搜寻；看一遍，做一遍；经理，经过；通过，go fishing (hunting, shooting, cycling, swimming, walking, drinking, shopping．．．)去干某事get
get sth.得到，收到；买；找
link.v. 变得get + adj.get + done/hurt/burnt/paid
get to do know ,realize, understand 逐渐get up 起床，举办，组织；打扮，装饰，化妆；get sb. to do sth.使．．．做．．．get sth. + p.p. 请别人做某事；使某事完成
get sth. + adj.get to do sth. = have to do sth.
get away from 离开，走开；逃走，跑掉，躲开get married 结婚
get back 回来；放回去；要回来；恢复get by （走）过去，通过，过下去
get close to 接近get down下来；去下来，吃下去；跪下来get down to sth. 开始认真干．．．get hold of抓住，找到
get in 收庄稼get in touch with 和．．．联系
get on 上车（船等）穿上；继续干get out出来；传出去；出版，拟出来get out of 从得到，逃避，避免；改掉（习惯）get over克服，摆脱；痊愈；
get rid of摆脱，除掉，处理掉get together聚首，欢聚，碰头，聚会
get into the habit (hobby) of养成．的习惯（爱好）get into 进入，陷入
get to到（某一时刻/年龄/地方），开始（做某事）；
get off下车；离开，动身，起飞；脱下来；下班；寄走
get about vi. = get around（消息）传开，传出去；四处走动
get along (well) with get on (well) with进展（顺利）；情况（好）；相处（好）
get through 做完，办完，看完；通过（考试）；通过（议案）；接通．的电话;度过；穿过keep
keep sth.保持，保留，留下，保留
link.v. 保持，继续keep + adj. / adv.keep + 介词短语keep sb. (sth.) + 分词keep sb. (sth.) + adj. / adv.keep sb. (sth.) + 介词短语
keep a close watch on密切注视keep a diary记日记
keep a record 作记录keep an eye on瞧着点，照看keep doing sth.老是做．．．keep on doing sth. 老是不断做．．．keep body and soul together维持生命keep ．．．from．．．阻止．．．做．．．keep back忍住, 留下keep fit 保持健康keep in touch with 与…保持联系keep on ( doing sth. ) 继续（做某事）keep one’s word守信keep ．．．in mind 记住
keep silence保持安静，保持沉默keep up保持，继续（做．．）
keep up with 跟上
break
break aw突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；改掉（习惯）；破除（旧做法）
break away from脱离．．．
break down 身体）垮了；（谈话）中断；（机器）坏了；压倒，克服
break forth 突然（迸出）break in 突然进入，非法进入；插嘴，打岔
break into 破门而入；突然，一下子．．．；打扰，打断
break out爆发；突然（大声地）vt. break off vt. 打断,折断；中断，断绝（关系）break through 突破，打通break up 分散,折散；分解；腐蚀
break the rule 违反规定
think
sb. think 想，思考think that．．．想，认为，以为
I don’t think he is good student.（注意否定的转移）
What do you think she would feel ?(do you think 是插入语)
think sb.(sth.) + adj. think sb. (sth.) + 名词
think + it + adj. / 名词+ to do sth. think + it + adj. / 名词+ doing sth. think + it + adj. / 名词+ that．．．think sb.(sth.) to be．．．
think to do sth.打算做．．．；想到，预料think that．．．想到，预料
think about想，考虑think aloud = (out / loud )把想的事情说出来think back (to) 回忆think highly(well, much．．．) of 赞扬．．．think little (badly, nothing) of认为．．．不好（评价不高）
think of想到，想起think of．．．as．．．以为，认为
think out想出think over仔细考虑
What do you think about (of)．．．？对．．．觉得怎么样？
bring
与take相反bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 拿来，带来，送来
bring about vt. 引起，突现，造成bring in 引进、引来、吸收
bring back 归还，带回来bring back to life (health) 使复生，使恢复健康
bring out 显示出来，表现出来，讲清楚；出版；生产；提出bring on 使．．．前进bring up 提出；抚育大，教养bring down 1. 降低 2. 使．．．倒下
take (2)
take it easy不要着急；慢慢来take note of注意
take notes作笔记，记笔记take notice of理会；注意
take off one’s hat to佩服；敬重take on接受，从事（工作）；雇用；上车，接受乘客take one’s time慢慢来，从容不迫take out取出，使退色；领取
take over接替(职务)；接管take part in参加，参与
take pity on(upon)可怜，怜悯take place发生，举行
take (a) pride in为．．感到自豪（骄傲）take sth. lying down甘心忍受（而不反抗）take the chair担任主席take the place of 代替、取代
take sides ( in ) 站在….一边take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦的做．．．take to sth.喜欢；养成某种爱好take to doing sth.
take turns to do sth.轮流做．．．take turns (at) doing sth.
take up开始学习（课程），选修；从事；向．．．提出；占用（时间）；占掉（空间）take in接受（房客，客人等），留宿；理解，明白；包括，涉及；（把衣服）改小，改瘦；take off脱下（衣，帽等）；起飞；匆匆离开；休假，请假；取
英语常用不规则动词分类表
动词原形过去式过去分词中文意思
1．A-A-A型
bend bent bent 使弯曲
bet bet bet 赌
cast cast cast 抛
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
hurt hurt hurt 伤
let let let 让
put put put 放下
quit quit quit 放弃
read read read 读
rid rid / ridded rid / ridded 骑
set set set 安置
shut shut shut 关上
spit spat / spit spat / spit 吐出
set set set 安置
spit spat / spit spat / spit 吐出
we他wet / wetted wet / wetted 淋湿
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。burn burnt burnt 燃烧dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt 做梦
spoil spoilt spoilt
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
deal dealt dealt 分配
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 改建
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
spill spilt spilt 溢出
spell spelt / spelled spelt / spelled 拼写
smell smelt smelt 发出气味send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
（3）其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 战斗
think thought thought 想
seek sought sought 寻觅sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept 扫
feel felt felt 觉得2．改变元音字母。（11个）
meet met met 遇见
bleed bled bled 流血
shoot shot shot 射击
feed fed fed 喂
lead led led 引导
spit spat spat 吐痰
lose lost lost 丢失
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
baby-sit baby-sat baby-sat 临时照顾sit sat sat 坐
dig dug dug 挖
swing swung swung 摇摆
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂stick stuck stuck 困住
have had had 有
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光擦亮hold held held 盛，握
light lighted/lit lighted/lit 点亮3．改变辅音字母。（1个）
make made made 使让制作4. 改变元、辅音字母。（4个）
leave left left 离开留下5．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
6. 把-ell变为-old。
sell sold sold 卖
tell told told 告诉
5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
forbid forbade / forbad forbidden 禁止forgive forgave forgiven 原谅
shake shook shaken 摇
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
rise rose risen 上升
arise arose arisen 出现
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画show showed shown 展示
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
awake awoke awaked / awoken 醒来
bite bit bitten / bit 咬
hide hid hidden / hid 隐藏
forbid forbade / forbad forbidden 禁止
forgive forgave forgiven 原谅
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿戴
tear tore torn 撕裂
swear swore sworn 发誓
6、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）
can could
may might
will would
shall should
形容词&副词比较级，最高级不规则表
原形比较级最高级
good, well better best
ill, bad, badly worse worst
little less least
old older/elder oldest/elder
many, much more most
far farther/further farthest (表距离)/furthest
(表程度)
late later/latter latest (用于时间)/last (用
于顺序)
书面表达常用句型
一．系表结构七．感叹句结构
二．主谓结构八. 疑问句结构
三．主谓宾结构九否定式结构
四．双宾语结构十. 并列句结构
五．复合宾语结构十一.复合句结构
六．祈使句结构十二.强调句结构
一．系表结构
主语+系动词+表语
Notes 1. 常用的系动词有:
1). 静态(表性质、特征、状态)：be seem remain appear
2). 动态(表变化): become go turn get grow
3). 感官(表示感觉): look sound taste feel smell
2. 可以用做表语的有:
1)名词2)名词性物主代词3)不定代词4)人称代词5)形容词6)数词7)副词8)动词不定式(短语) 9)动名词(短语)
10)现在分词(短语) 11)过去分词(短语) 12)介词短语13)从句
e.g.1) Smith was the boss of a garage.
2) Is this pen yours?
3) This is something you should always keep in mind.
4) It is she who is singing next door.
5) All the walls are white
6) My son will be fourteen next year.
7) Class is over.
8) His wish is to become a scientist.
9) Her favorite sport in summer is swimming.
10) The news was exciting.
11) They were not discouraged.
12) We are all against the proposal.
13) He is no longer what he used to be.
3. 常用句型:
1) It + be + n. + to do 2) It + be + adj. + to do
3) It + be + n. + for / of sb. + to do 4) It + be + n. + doing
5) It + be + adj. + doing 6) It + be + n. + clause
7) It + be + adj. + clause 8) There + be + S.
e.g. 1) It is a pity to hear that.
2) It is not easy to master a foreign language.
3) It is a big mistake for her to have bought the clothes.
4) It was hard for him to support such a big family.
5) It is no use going there today.
6) It’s use less keeping books without reading them.
7) It’s a pity that she is out.
8) It is true that he has passed the examination.
9) She looks happy today.
10) The little girl felt shy.
11) It’s getting dark.
12) There will be a new play at the heatre tomorrow.
二．主谓结构
主语+（不及物动词）谓语+状语
Notes:1. 谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何分。2. 状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、
不定式短语、分词短语、从句等
3．常见句型：
1) S. + vi. 2) S. + vi. + n.
3) S. + vi. + adv. 4) S. + vi. + prep. ph.
5) S. + vi. + to do 6) S. + vi. + doing
7) S. + vi. + for sb./sth. to do sth.
8) It + seem / appear + adj. / n. + to do
happen
9) It + seem + clause
appear
10) There + vi. + S.
e.g.
1)The sun has risen. 2)They worked day and night.
3) They all went out. 4) She came into the library.
5)He got up early to catch the first bus.
6)She stood smiling at me.
7)It seemed impossible to solve the problem.
8)She waited for her husband to come back.
9)It happened that they were out when we called on them that evening.
10)It seems that the boy has realized the importance of learning a foreign language.
11)Long, long ago there lived a king.
三．主谓宾结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+宾语
Notes:1. vi.+ prep.== vt.
2. 可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，从句等.
常见句型：
1) S.+ vt. + n 2) S.+ vt. + pron.
3) S.+ vt. + num 4) S.+ vt. + adv. + n. / pron.
5) S.+ vt. + to do 6) S.+ vt. + whether / wh + to do
7) S.+ vt. + doing 8) S.+ vt. + object clause
9) S.+ vt. + object + prep. ph. 10) S.+ vt. + it + prep. ph. + that clause 11) S.+ vt. + object + to do 12) It+ vt. + object + to do
13) S.+ vt. + it + adj. / n. ( + for sb.) + to do
e.g.
1) She is watering the flowers.
2) He loves her very much.
3) Who are you going to take these three?
4) She couldn’t keep back her tears=She couldn’t keep her tears back.
5) She decided to give it up.
6) He tried to do a good deed each day.
7) She hardly knows how to write a composition.
8) I wondered whether to stay or to leave.
9) I remember seeing her somewhere before.
10) I hear (that) she has come back.
11) I agree to what he has said.
12) He didn’t know whose side he should take.
13) We spend a lot of money on books.
14) He explained it to his students that he was ill that day.
15) He entered the room to look for his pencil-box.
16) It took more than ten years to build the houses.
17) I think it necessary (for him) to learn a foreign language.
四．双宾语结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Notes:1. 不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。可用于此句型的动词有以下三类：
1). give tell teach write bring lend hand show send offer pay pass allow
2) buy do get fetch save make sing choose
3) ask answer
2. 1）=vt. + D.O. +to+ I.O.2）= vt. + D.O. + for + I.O.
3）vt. + D.O.1 + D.O.2
3．常用句型：
1) S. + vt. + D.O. +I.O. 2) S. + vt. + D.O. + to / for + I.O.
3) S. + vt. + I.O. + clause 4) It take + O. ( n. / pron.) + n. /pron. + to do 5）Sth. + cost + sb. + n.
e.g.
1) He gave me some beautiful pictures.
2) He handed the purse to the teacher.
3) Would you fetch some water for the children?
4) She told the students (that) the old man was her father.
5) We’ll show you whose order it is.
6) It took him quite some time to find the elephant at all.
7) The new bike cost him 300 yuan.
五．复合宾语结构
主语+（及物动词）谓语+复合宾语
Notes:1复合宾语是指“宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
2．可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在分词，过去分词。
3．常见句型：
1) S. + vt. + n. / pron. + n.
pay get beat find
2) S. + vt. drive + n. / pron. + adj.
wish /prove /leave /make /feel /hear /listen to /make /let
3) S.+ vt. make /think/consider +it + n./adj. + for/of sb. to do /doing
4) S. + vt. + adj. / n. + that clause n. 5) S. + vt. + pron. + to be + adj./n. clause
6) S. + vt. + object + to do 7) S. + vt. see + object + do
look at /watch/notice/observe
8) S. + vt. + object + doing
feel/find 9) S. + vt. + object + done
10) S. + vt. + object + W + to do 11) S. + vt. + object + adv.
12) S. + vt. + sb. / one’s + d oing 13) S. + vt. + object + prep. ph.
e.g.
1) We elected him monitor of our class.
2) The boy kicked the door open.
3) I think it foolish of him to believe her.
4) We thought it better for you to take the medicine in time.
5) He had made it a rule never to cast his net more than three times a day.
6) I consider it a pity that he has given up studying English.
7) We found her to be mad.
8) He wanted her to be a dancer.
9) He believes what she said to be true.
10) The doctor advised him to have an operation.
11) The boss made the workers work long hours.
12) We found the boy crying in the street.
13) Have you ever heard this song sung in English?
14) The farmers showed us how to cut wheat.
15) Did you find them in?
16) Do you mind me /my closing the window?
17) They forced her into the room.
六．祈使句结构
1. Do + …
2. Be + predictive +…
3. Don’t + do + …
4. Don’t + be + predictive
5. Let + object + do + ...
e.g. 1) Come in, please. 2) Pass her a piece of paper.
3) Be a good boy. 4) Be careful not to touch it.
5) Don’t read in a moving bus.6) Don’t be so silly.
7) Let’s have a rest.8) Let the boy in, please.
七．感叹句结构
1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.!
2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.!
3. How + S. + v.!
4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!
e.g. 1) What a silly boy he is! 2) What terrible weather we are having!
3) How hard they are working! 4) How wonderful to be
invited to a palace ball!
八.疑问句结构
1．一般疑问句：
1) Be + S. + predictive? 2) Be + there + S. + … ?
Have
3) Has + S. + object + …?
Had
Do
Be
4) Have + S. + do + …?
Will
Shall
Can
May
5) Must + S. + do +…?
Need
Dare
e.g.
1) Were they busy yesterday? 2) Was there a pine tree
beside the house?
3) Have you (got) any red ink? 4) Is she lying in bed?
5) Did Tom go there with you? 6) Dare you say it again?
2. 特殊疑问句
1）作主语的疑问词+ 陈述语序?
(who; which; what)
2）作定语修饰主语的疑问词+ 陈述语序？
(what; which; whose; how many/much)
3）疑问词(作定语/表语/状语)+一般疑问语序？
e.g. 1) Who came to school the earliest yesterday? 2) Which book is yours?
3) What are you doing? 4) Where did you go yesterday?
3．选择疑问句：
1）一般疑问句+ or + 另一供选择部分？
2）一般疑问句+ or + not?
3）特殊疑问句, + A or B ?
e.g. 1) Do you like sports or music?
2) Do you like sports or not?
3)Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?
4. 反意疑问句：
助动词
1）陈述句肯定结构,+ 系动词的否定式+ 人称代词？
情态动词
助动词
2）陈述句否定结构,+ 系动词的肯定式+ 人称代词
情态动词
e.g 1) You are tired, aren’t you?2) You wouldn’t leave for long, will you?
九．否定式结构
1．S. + be + not + predictive.
e.g. He is not an engineer.
no
2. S. + has + have not a + object .
had any
e.g. I have no brother.
no
3. There + be + not a + S.
not any
e.g. There isn’t a book on the table.
4. S. + do/does/did + not + do
e.g. He didn’t come to school yesterday.
5. S. + 助动词+ not + do
e.g. 1) He is not crying.
2) I shall not ask him for help.
6. S. + 情态动词+ not + do
e.g. You needn’t worry.
to do
7. not + doing +…
done
e.g. 1) Not knowing the truth, he scolded her.
2) I regretted not attending the meeting.
3) We said so not to flatter(奉承) him.
all
both
8. not + each 部分否定
every
the whole
完全否定分别用：none , neither, nothing, nobody, no one
e.g.1) All the answers are not correct.
2) Everything doesn’t go well.
3) She hasn’t done the job completely.
4) Nobody can work it out.
5) None of the students is from Shanghai.
9.由nor, neither构成否定承接句：
Neither / Nor + 助/系/情态动词+ S.
Note: 如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型：It is / was the same with + S.
e.g. 1) I don’t like the film, nor does she.
2) He has no time. Neither have I.
10.由hardly, seldom, rarely, never, little, few等构成的含否定意义的句子。
e.g. 1) He hardly went out shopping.
2) Few of them know science.
十. 并列句结构
1.由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连接为一体，就构成了并列句。
2. 常用的并列连词有：
and “和” or “否则” but “可是；但是”for “因为”so “因此”either… or… “不是…就是…” neither … nor … “既不…也不…”not only… but also…“不但…而且…”
3.常用的副词有：
yet “但是” however “然而” therefore “所以”
Note: 此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。
e.g.
1) Hurry up! It’s going to rain.
2) He had to come back home; he wanted some money.
3) Tears appeared in her eyes, but he didn’t notice it.
4) Spring came and the trees turned green.
5) She must be ill, for she didn’t come to school this morning.
6) He found nobody in the room, so he went away.
7) He is old, yet he is still active in his work.
8)The composition is all right; however there is room for improvement.
9) He was very tired, and therefore he fell sound asleep.
10) We must hurry, or we’ll be late.
11) Either he is wrong or you are wrong.
12) He doesn’t know her, nor do I.
13) Not only was my mother angry, but my father also.
十一. 复合句结构
1. 主语从句结构：
1）连接代词/副词+ 从句+ 主句谓语部分
== It + 主句谓语部分+ 连接代词/副词+ 从句
(常用连词that; whether; who; whom; whose; which; when; where; why; how)
e.g.
1) That we love peace is known to all.
==It is known to all that we love peace.
2) Whether we can solve the difficulty still remains a question.
==It still remains a question whether we can solve the difficulty.
3) Whose composition is better is hard to say.
==It is hard to say whose composition is better.
4) Where we’ll spend the summer holidays has not been decided.
==It hasn’t been decided where we’ll spend the summer holidays.
2）What + 主语和及物动词谓语+ 主句谓语部分
e.g. (1) What he said is not true.
(2) What we are doing is for building socialism.
Whoever
3）Whatever + 主语从句+ 主句谓语部分
Whichever
e.g. (1) Whoever wants to go may go at once.
(2) Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
happened
seems
4）It + is a pity + that-clause
is said
is reported
e.g. (1) It happened that he was ill when we found him.
(2) It seem s that she doesn’t like her job.
(3) It’s a pity that she has gone abroad.
(4) It is said / reported that our women’s football team had won again.
2.表语从句结构
that
连词if
主语+ link V whether + clause
连接代词( who; whom; which; what）
连接副词(when; where; why; how)
e.g. 1) His suggestion is that we go to Beijing to spend our holidays.
2) That is just what he wants.
3) The question is who will have a try first.
4) That is why the bat never fly out in the daytime.
5) The problem is whether we can find each other at the station.
3. 宾语从句结构
1) S. + vt. + that-clause
e.g. ①I wish I could enter college.
②The king replied that he would set him free.
2) S. + vt. + if / whether-clause
e.g.①The teacher asked if anyone was absent.
②I wonder whether he will come ( or not ).
3) S. + vt. + 连接代词/副词+ clause
e.g. ①He asked which exercise is the most difficult.
②No one knows what they are fighting about.
4) S. + vt. + sb. + 连接代词/副词+ clause
e.g. ①He didn’t tell me where he lived.
②Didn’t she tell you when we should start?
5) 主谓结构+ prep. + clause
e.g.①She should be praised for what she has done.
②The boss paid the workers according to how much they had done for him.
6) S. + vt. + to短语+ that-clause
e.g. He explained to us that he had failed to catch the first bus.
7) S. + vt. + it + adj. / n. + clause
e.g.1) We felt it strange that she could leave without saying good-bye.
2)We thought it a shame that they fought each other in class.
4. 定语从句结构
1) 主句主语+ 关系代词/副词+ clause + 主句谓语
e.g.①The man who is standing by the door is our English teacher.
②The watch (which / that ) I bought yesterday is made in Swiss.
③The days when we were cheated are gone for ever.
2) 主句+ 关系代词/副词+ clause
e.g.①This is the girl whose father died in the flood.
②I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party.
3) 主句中的被修饰词+ prep. + 关系代词+ clause
e.g. (1) The earth on which we live is a big ball.
(2)We visited the house in which chairman Mao once lived.
4) 非限定性定语从句：
which
who
主句中的被修饰词+ , + whom + clause
whose + n.
where
e.g.
①Wang Hai’s father, who works in Nanjing, has come back home.
②We visited the industrial exhibition, where we saw a lot of foreign guests.
5. 状语从句结构：
1) 时间状语从句
(1) conj. + clause + , + 主句
主句+ conj. + clause
(用于此类从句的连词有：when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as)
e.g. ①when he saw his mother, the boy began to cry.
②I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
(2) S. + had no sooner + done + than + clause
No sooner had + S. + done + than + clause
e.g.
The bell had no sooner rung than the teacher walked into the classroom.==No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher walked into the classroom.
(3) Hardly + had + S. + done + when / before + clause
S. + had + hardly + done + when / before + clause
e.g.
Hardly had I got home when / before it began to rain.
==I had hardly got home when / before it began to rain.
(4) Scarcely + had + S. + done + when / before + clause
S. + had + scarcely + done + when / before + clause
e.g.
Scarcely had he got to bed when / before he fell to sleep.
== He had scarcely got to bed when / before he fell to sleep.
2) 地点状语从句
主句+ where(ever) + 从句
Where(ver) + 从句+，+ 主句
e.g.
①I lost my pen where I wrote my composition.
②Wherever we are sent to work, we should work hard.
3）原因状语从句
Because / As / Since / Now that + 从句，+主句
主句+ because / as / since / now that + 从句
e.g.①He didn’t go to the meeting because h e was ill.
②As it is going to rain, you’d better stay at home.
4）条件状语从句
If / Unless / As long as + clause +, + 主句
主句+ if / unless / as long as + 从句
e.g.①You are sure to succeed if you work hard.
②As / So long as we keep calm, we can find a way out.
5）结果状语从句
①主句+ that / so that + 从句
②S. + v. + so + adj. / adv. + that-clause
③S. + v. + such (a) + adj. + n. + that-clause
④S. + v. + so + adj. (+ a ) + n. + that-clause
e.g. ①She is so kind to us that we all love her.
②He spoke so quickly that nobody could follow him.
③She gave us such an excellent lecture that everybody admired him.
==She gave us so excellent a lecture that everybody admired him.
6）目的状语从句
that
so that
主句+ in order that + 从句
in case
e.g. We took the front seats in order that we could hear clearly.
7）让步状语从句
常用连词有：
though (although) “虽然” even if/though “即使”whether … or … “不管事…还是…”
whoever (no matter who ）“无论谁” whatever (no matter what ) “无论什么”
whichever (no matter which ) “无论哪个” whenever ( no matter when) “无论何时”
wherever ( no matter where) “无论何地”
e.g.①She took care of the patients though she herself was also ill.
②No matter where you go, you must find time to study.
③Young as he is, he knows a lot.
8）方式状语从句
主句+ as / as if + clause
e.g. ①Let’s study as Lenin studied. ②He spoke as if he were a professor.
9）比较状语从句
（1）同级比较状语从句
S. + v. (+ not) + as / so + adj. / adv. + as + clause
e.g.
①He works as hard as Jack.
②The police were not as / so light-hearted as Tom.
(2) 比较级状语从句
S. + v. (+ no) + adj.-er /adv.-er + than + clause
e.g.
①He can jump higher than I.
②There are more students in Class One than in Class Two.
③It is no more hot today than yesterday.
(3) 表示递进的比较状语从句
The + adj.-er / adv.-er +, + the + adj.-er / adv.-er
e.g. The harder he works, the happier he is.
(4)表示最高级概念的比较状语从句
否定意义主语+ v. + adj. / adv + as + clause
否定意义主语+ v. + adj. / adv. + than + clause
e.g.
①Nobody is so sly (狡猾) as he is.
②No one studies harder than he does.
6．同位语从句
主句主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ that + clause
主句主语+ that + clause + 主句谓语
e.g.
1)We all know the fact that the earth moves around the sun.
2)The news that the Chinese women’s volleyball team has won the world’s championship soon spread over the whole country.
十二. 强调句结构
It is / was + 被强调部分+ that + 句子剩余部分
Note:1.本结构用于强调除谓语以外的句子成分,要强调谓语动词可用: S.+ do/does/did + V.+…
2. 原因状语从句被强调时只可由because引导。
3. 含not … until… 的复合句套用：
It is / was not until … that … (被强调部分用陈述语序)
e.g. ①It was your sister that I met in the zoo yesterday.
②It was yesterday that I met your sister in the zoo.