翻译练习材料参考答案

（一）汉译英

1.2009手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。会议室的门口通常贴着一张通告，

请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机依然响成一片。我们都是普通

人，没有多少重要的事。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手

机象征着我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症。"最为常见的是，一个人在路上走着走着，忽然停下来盯着手机屏幕发短信，

不管是在马路中间还是厕所旁边。

Cell phones have altered human relations. Usually there will be a note on the door of a conference room, which reads “Please turn off your cellphone”. However, cellphone rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and rarely have things of great urgency to do. But usually we won’t turn off the phone. Cell phones at work symbolize our connection with the world and reflect our “thirst for social contacts.” We are familiar with the scene that when a person stops his steps to edit short messages, he would keep his eyes glued to his phone, disregarding whether it is in the center of a road or beside a restroom.

? 2.来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生

来，成果出得较多。

?我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”

?这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅

程。

?Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously.

?Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories.

?Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful.

?My supervisor is of Asian origin.

?He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp / irritable temper.

?Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind.

?Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia.

?He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Nothing but work durin g the working hours.”

?This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness.

?During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees.

?In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.

3.2003 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

?Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs (in my family) owing to my doting parents.

?Feeling like being deposed into a cold palace, I began to taste the bitterness of depression and frustration immediately after I was segregated and confined in a small house on a hillside in our garden.

?On a spring evening, my parents gave a banquet in the garden where

a profusion of flowers were in full bloom.

?In no time, crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.

?I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests/helping treat(host) the guests.

?Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.

? 4.温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印

第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。

?.The prosperity of Vancouver, to which many ethnic groups have contributed, is the crystallization of its people’s wisdom and industriousness.

?Canada, a sparsely populated big country, has a territory larger than that of China, but only a population of less than 30 million. ?Admitting immigrants has therefore become the long-term national policy pursued by Canada.

?It is safe to say that the Canadians, aside from the Indians, are all immigrants, who differ from each other only in how long they have lived in the country.

?Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. ?Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. ?The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver.

?Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia.

? 5.这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。

?虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。

?在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。

?世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。

?When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange program, despite the tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make new ones.

?At every get-together, one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century.

?Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of the Chinese culture

and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation.

?The turn of the century has ushered in a great epoch during which our motherland is becoming stronger and more prosperous day by day.

?The people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will strengthen exchanges and work together to bring about an earlier reunification of their motherland.

?The precious opportunities and tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the forefront of history.

?What attitude should be adopted by the cross-century younger generation to meet the new century of hope? This is a question that demands our answer.

(二)英译汉

1.The study, published in the current issue of the Journal of Experiment Education, found significant increases in ninth-grade math test score among the students who had spent early grades in smaller classes, with the gains even more pronounced among minority students. (40words) ?发表在最近一期《实验教育杂志》上的一项研究表明，那些在低年级以小班上课的学生在九年级数学测试的成绩有明显的提高，尤其是少数

族裔的学生的提高更为明显。

? 2.Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.

?人类把自己和其它动物区别开来。与此同时，人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造

环境。人类就这样一代代生存下来。

? 3.And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.

?由于受到顽强地抵抗，吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。

4. In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and

finished.

Cooper was illustrating distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming(会变成什么样子), never being（现在是什么样子）.”【参考答案】

詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀在其经典小说《拓荒者》中，讲述了主人公，一个土地开发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。他说，这是一个熙熙攘攘的大都市，街道宽阔，房屋林立。而他的表妹却环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。她不禁问道：“你要给我看的美景在哪，被你改造了的地方又在哪?”。开发商没料到他的表妹竟看不到他所讲的一切，惊讶地回答说，“哪儿?到处都是啊!”虽然这一切还未在大地上建成，但他已经在脑海里建好了，对

在这里库珀揭示了美国人的一个典型特点：那就是着眼未来，也就是说，他们能够从未来的角度看待现在的一切，可以不为过去所羁绊看待现在，在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样：“对美国人来

5.Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃） society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的） to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse （冲动） towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就） in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石） for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire （立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.

译文：

欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受，而且人们不可避免地要为此支付昂贵的费用。然而，只要你不放弃对社会权利的选择，高档享受不可避免地成为富人的特有的领域。我们可以让歌剧和其他费用昂贵的文化形式面向那些个人承受不起费用的大众。然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。没有人会否认食物、居所、安全、健康与教育的必要性。但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，或者是单纯地为了搏杀，也可以是为了刻画。人们对文化的冲动，对表达的渴望，以及通过想象和表述对世界的探索等，才是最根本的。在欧洲，人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等杰作的成就形式实现了这一愿望。这些杰作是检验人类努力程度的标准，也是检验人类追求的思想和想象能力的标准，它们承载着丰富的信息，并得以在彼此之间相互传播。

6.In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy（使…忙（有事干） the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption（设想、假设 consumption 消费）that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined（突出、显现） by its converse（反面、相反）: in some societies the failure to bear children（养孩子） (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.

Beyond all that（除了这些）is the profound（深刻的、深远的） significance of children to the very institution（结构） of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（完整的）—they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子）, to validate（使…有效） its family character（家族的特征、风格）, to gather （增加、集合） the redemptive（赎回的, 用于补偿的）influence of offspring.

另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。

后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。

7.2001Effort is the gist（要点，主旨） of it. There is no happiness except as we take on(接纳) life-engaging（有魅力的、迷人的） difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms（相同的表达、看法） when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw （致命的缺陷）in the

advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports（宣称、声称） to be effortless.

We demand difficulty even in our games（体育比赛、游戏）. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary （武断的） imposition（强迫接受） of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

努力是问题的关键。如果不经历艰难困苦，就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗人叶芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于我们愿意克服的困难有多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐”时，也表达了相同的看法。出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，那就是，不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福。

即使在体育比赛中，我们也需要克服困难。我们需要克服困难，因为没有困难就没有比赛。比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难，以便难中取乐。制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难。违反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，高兴怎么走就怎么走，你很容易取胜。然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则。没有困难，也就没有乐趣。