英语人教版九年级全册动词时态(教学设计)

英语人教版九年级全册动词时态(教学设计)
英语人教版九年级全册动词时态(教学设计)

动词时态(教学设计)

一、教学内容

六种动词时态

二、教学目标

(一)复习六种时态的定义,构成规则

(二)能正确的运用动词的三种时态

三、重点难点

(一)初中英语动词六种时态的定义、规则

(二)初中英语动词六种时态的用法

四、教学过程

(一)动词的时态

在英语中,由于谓语动词发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化,这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态。英语共有16种时态,现阶段学生已学习6种。现以动词do为例,将这6种时态构成列表如下:

①现在:一般现在时:①do ②does;现在进行时:am/is/are doing;现在完成时:has/have done

②过去:一般过去时:did;过去进行时:was/were doing

③将来:一般将来时:①am/is/are going to do ②will/shall do

1.一般现在时:

(1)构成:①动词原形②动词第三人称单数形式

(2)形式:

①be动词:

肯定句:主语+am/is/are+表语(n./pron./adj.)

eg:I am/I’m a student. You are/You’re a student. He is/He’s/She is/She’s a student.

否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+表语(n./pron./adj.)

eg:I am not/I’m not a student. You are not/You’re not/You aren’t a student.

疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+表语(n./pron./adj.)

eg:Am I a student? Are you a student? Is he/she a student? Is it an apple?

②其它动词:

肯定句:主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I/You/We/You/They study English every day.

否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t(第三人称单数)+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I/You/We/You/They don’t study English every day.

疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:Do I/You/We/You/They study English every day?

(3)用法:

①表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态

eg:I go to school every day except Sunday.除了星期日,我每天都上学。(动作)

②表示一种客观事实或普遍真理(注:无论在什么情况下,都用一般现在时,包括在宾语从句中)

eg:The earth is round.地球是圆的。

③表示主语的性格、能力、兴趣等心理状态和情感的动词,往往用一般现在时(了解)

eg:She likes basketball games.她喜欢篮球比赛。(兴趣)

④在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作, “主将从现”

关键词:if, when, as soon as等

eg:As soon as I get there, I’ll call you up.我一到那就打电话给你。

(4)时间状语(标志):always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, on Sundays/Mondays/…,

2.一般过去时:

(1)构成:动词的过去式

(2)形式:

①be动词:

肯定句:主语+was/were+表语

eg:I/He/She/It was there. We/You/They were there.

否定句:主语+was/were+not+表语

eg:I/He/She/It was not there. We/You/They were not there.

疑问句:Was/Were+主语+表语

eg:Was I/he/she/it there? Were we/you/they there?

②其它动词:

肯定句:主语+动词的过去式(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I/You/He/She/We/You/They worked there. It rained yesterday.

否定句:主语+did not/didn’t+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I/You/He/She/We/You/They did not/didn’t work there.

疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:Did I/you/he/she/we/you/they work there?

Did it rain yesterday?

(3)用法:

①表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态

eg:He went to Beijing yesterday morning.他昨天早上去北京了。(动作)

②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作

eg:Mary got up too late, and didn’t have enough time for breakfast.

③有些表示主语心理状态的词,用一般过去时时,要注意其含义(了解)

eg:I di dn’t know you were in Paris.我本不知道你在巴黎。(因为我在说话时,已经知道你在巴黎了.这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示.实际上这句话暗指:But now I know you are in Paris.)

eg:I thought you were ill.我还以为你病了呢。(但现在我知道你没病)

(4)时间状语:yesterday, the day before yesterday, ago, just now, the other day(前几天), once upon a time(从前), in the old days(在过去的日子里), in 1980, when I was seven…,

3.一般将来时:

(1)构成:①will/shall+动词原形②am/is/are going to+动词原形

(2)形式:

①will/shall形式:

肯定句:主语+will/shall+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I shall/I will/I’ll/We shall/We will/We’ll go there.

否定句:主语+will/shall+not+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语):注意缩写形式

eg:I shall not/I shan’t/I will not/I’ll not/I won’t go there.

疑问句:Will/Shall+主语+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:Shall/Will I/we go there?

②am/is/are going to形式:与现在进行时类似

肯定句:主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I am/I’m going to learn English next term. You are/You’re going to learn English next term.

否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+going to+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I’m not going to learn English next term. You aren’t going to learn English next term.疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+动词原形(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:Am I going to learn English next term? Are you going to learn English next term?

(3)用法:

①表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。

eg:I’ll go and see her on Friday.我星期五去看他(动作)

②表示将来经常发生的动作。

eg:From now on I’ll get up early every morning.从今以后,我每天早晨早起。

③“am/is/are going to”结构,表示打算好一定要做的事或根据迹象或预报肯定要发生的事。eg:He is going to be eighteen years old next year.他明年十八岁。

④注意将来时态中的there be句型,要用动词原形be.

eg:There will be more people in the future.将来回会有更多的人。

(4)时间状语:tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段, in the future, soon,

4.现在进行时:

(1)构成:am/is/are+动词的现在分词(doing形式)

(2)形式:

肯定句:主语+am/is/are+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I am/I’m working now. You are/You’re working now.

否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I’m not working now. You’re not working now.

疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:Am I working now? Are you working now?

(3)用法:

①表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作

eg:Who is the teacher waiting for?老师在等谁?

②表示在现阶段正在进行的动作,但不一定说话时动作正在进行

eg:We’re getting ready for the exam these days.这些天我们在为考试做准备。

③有些表示位置移动的动词的现在进行时,表示将来即将发生的动作。

如:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, move, stay, die等

④“am/is/are+always++现在分词”结构,表示经常性或习惯性的动作,带有强烈的感情色彩,

或赞扬、喜爱,或讨厌、厌烦。(初三学)

eg:You’re always getting ready for helping others.你总是时刻准备着帮助别人。(赞扬) (4)时间状语:now, at the moment, at this time, Look!, Listen!, 多数情况要根据上下文确定eg:─ Where is my father? ─ He is cleaning the car.

5.现在完成时:

(1)构成:have/has+动词的过去分词

(2)形式:

肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I have/I’ve/You have/You’ve/We have/We’ve/You have/You’ve/They have/They’ve done it.

注:区别he’s=he has和he’s=he is,如果he’s后是动词的过去分词,则he’s=he has.

eg:It’s been raining for a long time.=It has been raining for a long time.

否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I have not/I’ve not/I haven’t done it.

疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:Have I/you/we/you/they done it?

(3)用法:

①表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,对现在仍有影响。

eg:She has been ill for three days.她已经病了3天了。(影响:她现在身体很不好)

②表示过去已经开始,持续到现在并还可能继续下去的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时

刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。(注:此时的谓语动词多是延续性动词)

eg:I’ve known Li Lei for three years.我认识李雷三年了。

注:for+一段时间;

since+①一段时间+ago

②过去的时间点

③从句:从句的谓语动词用一般过去时

对for/since短语提问,要用how long

eg:She’s been there for over two years.→ How long has she been there?

③表示曾经经历的事情或表示同一动作发生了多次。

eg:She has never been to Egypt before.以前我从没去过埃及。

④终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词):如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作的

发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。

eg:I've left Shanghai for three days.(×)

eg:It has been three days since I left Shanghai.(√)

终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:

(1)将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时。eg. My brother joined the army two years ago.我弟弟参军两年了。

(2)若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,或用在how long句型中,则需将终止性动词

改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。⑤have/has been to+某地:到过某地,说明去过,而且说话时已经回来了,

常once, twice, ever, never等连用。

have/has gone to+某地:说明去某地,说话时还没有回来。

have/has been in/at+某地:表示逗留在某地已经一段时间,常和for ten days, since I came

here等连用

eg:She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)

(4)时间状语:already(肯定句), yet(否定或疑问句), still, just, ever, never, since, for, before, so far,

lately, recently, in the past/last three years…, once/twice…,…

6.过去进行时:

(1)构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(doing形式)

(2)形式:

肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I/He/She was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening.

否定句:主语+was/were+not+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:I/He/She was not writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening.

疑问句:Was/Were+主语+现在分词(+宾语)(+状语)

eg:Was I/he/she writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening?

(3)用法:

①表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。

eg:They were playing basketball at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午四点他们在打篮球。(某个时刻)

②when/while引导的时间状语从句也可以表示一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在发生。

(注:此时,习惯上,while后接过去进行时,when后接一般过去时)

eg:He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening.昨天晚上我回家时,他在家里看电视。

eg:While we were talking, the teacher came in.我们谈话时,老师进来了。

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