任务型阅读经典试题(含答案)

任务型阅读经典试题(含答案)
任务型阅读经典试题(含答案)

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

After a long day at work, coming home is a breath of fresh air. Home is a comfortable place to sit back and relax. ________ Below are a number of things we can do to create a healthy home environment that will help to ease the workday stress and promote our physical and mental health.

Cleaning the house regularly is the first thing we should do. It may seem like a tiring thing to clean but there is a reason for doing so. We can remove dust by cleaning the house. Leaving layers of dust everywhere means that there is a build-up of dust. And where do these layers of dust go?________

Making sure the rooms are full of sunlight is also important. We may not realize it but sunlight is an important part of our growth. We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions. ________ Think about using a Parans system where sunlight does not reach. This technology gathers the sunlight by using solar panels. It can send out sunlight wherever we are.

________ Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素)in the air. They also give off oxygen, which can lower stress and improve our moods.

Along the lines of being green, it can also be vital to think about what things we are bringing into the house. Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health. ________ They may contain poisonous chemicals that can be breathed in, or simple absorbed through the skin.

A. However, is it as healthy as it can be?

B. Is our home as comfortable as it used to be?

C. Into our lungs.

D. The same thing applies to certain carpets and paint.

E. Besides, it can reduce both stress and high blood pressure.

F. It is also a good idea to add more plants in our house.

G. It is acknowledges that a greener lifestyle is linked to better health.

【答案】 A;C;E;F;D

【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文,家是一个让人感到舒适温馨的地方,介绍营造健康家庭环境的方法。

(1)根据后一句以下是几件值得做的事情来创建健康的家庭环境,以此缓解我们的压力,改善我们的身体和精神健康,A选项,我们现在的家还一如既往的健康吗?后一句是对这一句的回答,一问一答,切题,故选A。

(2)根据前一句And where do these layers of dust go?可知,这些灰尘去哪里了?本空是对上一句的回答,故C选项,这些灰尘进入了我们的肺部,切题,故选C。

(3)本段主要讲述阳光的重要性,以及前一句We all know that sunlight promotes better working conditions.,阳光可以改善我们工作条件,E选项,除此之外,还可以减轻压力和降低高血压,同样陈述阳光的好处,切题,故选E。

(4)本空是本段第一句,根据后一句Going green will help to remove toxins(毒素)in the air.

可知,本段讲述绿色植物的重要性,故F选项,家里种绿色植物是个好主意,切题,故选F。

(5)根据前一句Try to avoid specific plastics that are harmful to health.可知,努力避免使用对身体有害的塑料制品,D选项,同样也适用某些地毯和涂料,都阐述避免进入家里的物品,切合主题,故选D。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1)分析选项,串联主题:了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。 2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。3)复读短文,核对答案:为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。

2.(2019?天津)阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.

Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children," Mabry said.

On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.

"He won't brag(夸耀)on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building," said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.

Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.

Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: "Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”

(1)What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper?(no more than 5 words)

(2)How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday?(no more than 15 words)

(3)What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean?(1 word)

(4)Why is Mabry's presence at the school important?(no more than 10 words)

(5)Who is the "sunshine" in your life?Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】(1)Cleaning the(school)building.

Or: Doing(the)cleaning.

Or: He cleans the(school)building.

Or: He does(the)cleaning.

(2)By lining the hallways,blowing noisemakers,singing a song,handing him cards,and hugging him.

Or: By lining the hallways with(handmade)cards,blowing noisemakers,singing a song,and hugging him.

Or: They lined the hallways,blew noisemakers,sang a song,handed him cards,and hugged him.

Or: They lined the hallways with(handmade)cards,blew noisemakers,sang a song,and hugged him.

(3)Love.

Or: Liking.

Or: Fondness.

(4)(Because)he loves/cares about(the)students and works hard.

Or: (Because)he loves(the)students and is devoted to his work.

Or: (Because)he is kind/caring/helpful to the students,and hard-working.

Or: (Because)he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.

(5)My father/mother. (Because)he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.

Or: My teacher. (Because)he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.

Or: My friend. (Because)he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,清洁工Mabry的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生,关心学生。学生们也尊敬他,喜欢他。在他80生日那天,学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日,表达了对Mabry的热爱。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school ke eper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工,他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为:Cleaning the (school) building. /Doing (the) cleaning. /He cleans the (school)building. /He does (the) cleaning.

(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug h im.”可知,上个周五,他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队,拿着手制卡片,吹口哨,为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌,拥抱他。因此答

案为:By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him. /By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him. / They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him. / They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They're like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生,把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动,故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”,故填love /Liking /Fondness.

(4)考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“...he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段中的“Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot.”可知,Mabry 关心爱护孩子,帮助孩子,是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。因此答案为:(Because) he loves/cares about(the)students and works hard. / (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work. /(Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working. / (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.

(5)考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目:who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光?只要在生活或学习中帮助过你,关心你、爱护你的,鼓励你,安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为:My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties. Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career. Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测以及综合表达能力等题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握所给材料,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而做出正确答案。

3.阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Why not carry on her good work?

I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university?I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.

By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sicknees. Why did she write that?Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice?I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if

they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.

Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.

By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and ……

(1)When and where did the author read the article about Lin Qiaozhi?(no more than 5 words)

(2)For what purpose did Lin Qiao zhi write a little book about how to look after babies?(no more than 20 words)

(3)What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean?(no more than 10 words)

(4)What does the author think are the most important qualities that a successful doctor should have?(no more than 5 words)

(5)Do you think the author will study at a medical college?Why or why not?(no more than 20 words)

【答案】(1)On the Internet/computer one evening.

(2)To help the women in the countryside who could not reach a doctor if they had an emergency.

(3)Girls' education wasn't attached importance to compared with boys'.

OR: Boys always receive better education than girls.

(4)Kindness and consideration.

(5)Open.

【解析】【分析】短文大意:文章主要讲了正在作者不知道如何选择大学专业时,偶然读到了一篇关于林巧稚的文章。作者深受感动和影响,决定继续林巧稚医生伟大的事业。(1)细节理解题。根据第一段I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. (直到一天晚上,我坐在电脑前研究中国伟大的女性时,我才知道答案。)由此可知一天晚上,在电脑上,作者读到了一篇关于林巧稚的文章,所以填On the Internet/computer one evening。

(2)细节理解题。根据第二段I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor. (我仔细看了这篇文章,意识到这是写给农村妇女的。可能如果她们遇到紧急情况,却找

不到医生。)由此可知林巧稚写《怎样照顾婴儿》一书的目的是帮助有紧急情况不能去看医生的农村妇女,所以填To help the women in the countryside who could not reach a doctor if they had an emergency。

(3)推理判断题。根据第三段Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 意思是突然,我意识到当时一个女人接受医学培训是多么困难。由此推断出That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys. 的意思是在那个年代,女孩的教育总是排在男孩之后,所以填Girls' education wasn't attached importance to compared with boys'. OR: Boys always receive better education than girls。

(4)细节理解题。根据第三段What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 可知作者认为一位成功医生应该具有的最重要的品质是善良和关心,所以填Kindness and consideration。

(5)题干询问你认为作者会在医学院学习吗?为什么或为什么不呢?该空答案开放,同学们可以按照自己的观点回答。

【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及细节理解题和推理判断题,细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案;推理判断题要注意联系上下文推断出所需信息。本题没有选项,须由考生自己组织语言作答,考生要注意根据题目要求组织语言,既要言之有理,又要准确精炼。

4.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques

Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life,________. We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life.

⑴Start small

The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes.________. Instead, stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target.

The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.

⑵________

Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven't made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you've done and encourages you to keep going.

⑶Exercise your willpower

________. Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain.

The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective.

________, and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.

A. Build a support system

B. Measure your goals

C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand

D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people

E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management

F. However, it is easier said than done

G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day

【答案】 F;G;B;C;D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍三大自律的技巧。

A. Build a support system建立一个支持系统。

B. Measure your goals测评你的目标。

C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand意志力和自律相辅相成。

D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people自律是在很多成功人士身上都能找到的特征。

E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management自律和有效的时间管理有联系。

F. However, it is easier said than done然而说起来容易做起来难。

G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day你不会在第一天跑10公里来训练马拉松。

(1)根据上文提示自律是通向更健康、更快乐、更成功生活的关键。下文提示我们在下面分享一些自律技巧。承接上下文,However, it is easier said than done切题,该项中的However表示该句与上文构成转折关系,故选F。

(2)根据上文提示千里之行,始于足下。下文说相反耐力是通过比前一天的目标多做一点来建立的。承接上下文You don't train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day 切题,下文中的Instead表示前后句是一种转折关系,故选G。

(3)本题为标题选择。本段主要说保持自律需要动机,但是如果你很久没有取得进步你就很难保持动力。追踪系统让你知道你做了多少,鼓励你坚持下去。此处的tracking progress应该指的是对你目标的测评,故选B。

(4)根据本段小标题Exercise your willpower (锻炼你的意志力) ; 再根据下文提示有时候,坚持完成任务是很困难的,但是通过提醒自己目标的意义和目标对你的意义,你就可以忽略暂时的诱惑而获得长期的利益。可知C项Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand.切题,故选C。

(5)上文提示上述自律技巧已被证明是非常有效的。再根据下文提示这是快乐充实生活的关键。承接上下文D项Self- discipline is a feature found in many succesful people. 切题,故选D。

【点评】在做七选五时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what's more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文,起着承上起下的作用。像but(但是)、however (然而)表示转折,这说明前后的内容相反或相对。同时还要注意选项中代词的指代和小标题选择时是对段落的总结。

5.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Lemon water is pretty popular. It's offered as a free upgrade to regular water at pretty many restaurants.________, others are devotees of the possible health benefits. Here's what may happen if you take up the lemon water habit.

Easier weight loss

Studies in mice indicate that the antioxidants(抗氧化剂) in lemons can reduce weight gain despite a high-fat diet. More studies are needed to determine if the results can be applied to humans, but anecdotal evidence is favorable. People who drink lemon water regularly report easier weight loss, though it is unclear if the combination of lemon and water is the fundamental driver.________.

Get enough vitamin C

Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that has a ton of health benefits. It can only be gotten from food as our bodies don't produce it alone. Getting your RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) of vitamin C can lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. Vitamin C is good for your skin and bonds with free radicals (自由电子) that accelerate aging.________, but they're a great source nevertheless.

Stabilized moods

Studies have found that smelling lemon scent reduces stress hormones that regulate mood. Drinking lemon water offers this benefit as well as the vitamins and potassium(钾) in the fruit. ________, and high blood pressure is related to stress, so not getting enough potassium can certainly affect your mood. All in all, lemon water can be a calming drink.

In the end, drinking water is never a bad call, and there is absolutely no reason not to add lemon to it. Drinking lemon water provides some helpful nutrients and antioxidants. Give it a try!________.

A. Lemon is a common smell in all manner of cleaning products

B. Potassium plays a huge part in regulating blood pressure

C. There is nothing to lose

D. Lemons aren't the highest in vitamin C

E. While some people drink it simply because of its taste

F. If adding lemon to water can encourage people to drink more

G. It could be that drinking more water helps dieters to feel full and avoid overeating

【答案】 E;G;D;B;C

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。从三个方面说明了柠檬水能够有益健康的原因。(1)下文中的others可知此处表示的some people的看法,因此推断E项:而有些人仅仅因为它的味道而喝它,其他人则是健康益处的忠实信徒。符合语境,故答案选E。(2)本句位于段尾,有承接总结上文的作用。上文中提到经常喝柠檬水的人更容易减肥,段尾总结说明原因:这可能是因为多喝水有助于节食者感到饱腹感,避免暴饮暴食。G选项代入文中前后连贯通顺,故答案选G。

(3)本段主要说明了柠檬中富含维生素C,D选项中的vitamin C对应小标题,且与后文中的指代柠檬的代词they相对应,故D选项符合题意。

(4)首先本句位于段落中间,有承上启下的作用。且B选项中的Potassium 对应上文Drinking lemon water offers this benefit as well as the vitamins and potassium(钾) in the fruit.

(喝柠檬水提供了这种好处以及维生素和水果中的钾。),选项中的blood pressure 对应后文的 high blood pressure is related to stress(高血压与压力有关)。故B选项符合题意。(5)段尾综合上文提到了的柠檬水的好处,所以提出give it a try试一试的建议,因为喝柠檬水反正没有什么可失去的,是没有坏处的。故C选项符合题意。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1)分析选项,串联主题:了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。 2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。3)复读短文,核对答案:为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。

6.请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile. "With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed(有缺陷的) concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects.

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

performance;varieties/ranges;resulting;highly/much

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了据GDP显示,英国拥有令西方国家羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据,但英国民众的幸福感不强,这说明GDP不能真实地反映出民众的幸福指数,政策制定者应该将精力重新集中在改善民生上,而不仅仅是担心GDP数据。(1)考查形容词。根据第一段中的“If everything was going so well, then why did over 1 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects.”可知,如果英国真拥有令人羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据的话,为什么还有那么多英国民众不顾本国经济前景而支持英国脱欧呢?由此可知,英国虽然拥有高GDP,但是英国民众的幸福感不足,修饰名词well-being用形容词,故填Inadequate。(2)考查主语从句。根据第一段中的“Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”可知,Robert F. Kennedy认为,GDP衡量了除了让生活与意义以外的所有东西,从句中缺少主语,故填what。

(3)考查动词。根据第一段中的“It meas ures things that do not matter and misses things that do.”可知,GDP衡量的是无关紧要的东西,而忽略了真正重要的东西,故填counts/matters。

(4)考查名词。根据倒数第三段中的“When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.”可知,GDP被视为衡量一个国家成功与否的唯一标准受到民众的广泛质疑,故填success。

(5)考查名词。根据第一段中的“If everything was going so well, then why did over 1 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects.”可知,如果英国真拥有令人羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据的话,为什么还有那么多英国民众不顾本国经济前景而支持英国脱欧呢?低失业率对应高就业率,故填employment。

(6)考查副词。根据第二段中的“Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.”可知,在确保经济增长转化为对本国居民有意义的改善方面,英国是表现得最差的国家之一,修饰动词transformed用副词,故填poorly。

(7)考查名词。根据第二段中的“Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.”可知,人们不仅关注GDP,还衡量了来自卫生、教育和公民社会参与等40多套不同标准,以更全面地评估各国的表现,故填performance。

(8)考查名词。根据第二段中的“over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.”可知,人们衡量了来自卫生、教育和公民社会参与等40多套不同标准,故填varieties/ranges。

(9)考查非谓语动词。根据倒数第二段中的“It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being. ”可知,它不包括重要的因素,如环境质量或教育成果,所有有助于一个人的幸福感的事情,result in表示“导致”,things与result之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作后置定语,故填resulting。

(10)考查副词。根据最后一段中的“But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.”可知,如果政策制定者将精力重新集中在改善民生上,而不仅仅是担心GDP数据,就能避免预测中的厄运,甚至会看到进展,think highly/much of表示“重视、看重”,故填highly/much。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤:(一)先“少”后“多”;(二)锁定关键信息:抓实词;(三)信息匹配题1.寻找同义、相同的词或词组;2.寻找近义词或词组;3.留意数字(包括时间);(四)读懂省略文字;(五)学会“认”生词;(六)巧用标注记号。

7.阅读理解

When was the last time you sat on a park bench(凳子)? Did you stay for long? A new kind of park benches will limit the amount of time you can sit there. If you don't get up in time, it could be very painful: there are many sharp spikes (钉子) on the part that you sit on!

Visitors who want a rest on the bench need to put a coin in a machine next to it. Once the money was accepted, the spikes disappear into the bench. Then visitors can sit down comfortably, but only for half an hour. When the time's up, the spikes slowly start moving up again. It doesn't hurt at first, but after a minute, they start coming up even more quickly. They aren't long enough

to cause serious hurt, but they do cause pain, as tests have shown. But why have they been installed (安装)?

"Our public park is very popular in summer," a spokesperson for the park explained. "But with all the thousands of people who visit the park, there aren't enough benches for everyone. We want to make sure that the benches are shared by more visitors, and to stop people taking a bench and staying there all day. Installing spikes seems to be the fairest way of stopping people doing this."

(1)How is the new kind of park bench different from other benches?

(2)What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

(3)Why are the new benches installed?

(4)The passage says, "Installing spikes seems to be the fairest way of stopping people doing this." Do you agree with this? Please state your reasons.

【答案】(1)It can limit the amount of time people sit on it (with sharp spikes). / If you don't get up from it in limited time, it could make you painful./ There are many sharp spikes on it to limit the amount of time people sit on it.

(2)It's mainly about how the new kind of benches work.

(3)They're installed to solve the problem that some people take a bench too long and others can't share it.

(4)Yes. If people are asked to pay for benches, they will not take it too long when they don't really need it. Thus, every visitor will have the chance to share it. / No. Benches in parks should be free to visitors. The park can build more benches to solve its problem instead of limiting the time when visitors have a rest on benches.

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文,介绍了一种新型公园长椅,其不同之处在于它上面有很多尖刺,用来限制人们坐在上面的时间。安装这种椅子的目的是为了让更多的人都能分享到长椅。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“If you don’t get up in time, it could be very painful: there are many sharp spikes on the part that you sit on!”如果你没有及时起来,那将是非常痛苦的:你所坐的部位有许多锋利的刺!可知新型公园长椅与其他长椅的不同之处在于如果你不能在有限的时间内离开它,它可能会让你痛苦。故答案为:It can limit the amount of time people sit on it (with sharp spikes). / If you don’t get up from it in limited time, it could make you painful./There are many sharp spikes on it to limit the amount of time people sit on it.。

(2)考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Visitors who want a rest on the bench need to put a coin in a machine next to it. Once the money was accepted, the spikes disappear into the bench. Then visitors can sit down comfortably, but only for half an hour. When the time’s up, the spikes slowly start moving up again.”想要在长椅上休息的游客需要在旁边的机器里放一枚硬币。一旦这笔钱被接受,钉子就会消失在板凳上。然后游客可以舒服地坐下来,但只能坐半个小时。当时间到了,尖峰又开始慢慢地向上移动。可知第二段主要介绍了这种新型长椅是如何工作的,故答案为It’s mainly about how the new kind of benches work.。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We want to make sure that the benches are shared by more visitors, and to stop people taking a bench and staying there all day.”我们希望确保更多的

游客可以共享这些长椅,并阻止人们坐在长椅上一整天。可知安装它们是为了解决有些人坐了太长时间的板凳,而有些人却无法分享的问题。故答案为:They’re installed to solve the problem that some people take a bench too long and others can’t share it.。

(4)本题为开放性题目,言之有理即可。故答案为:Yes. If people are asked to pay for benches, they w ill not take it too long when they don’t really need it. Thus, every visitor will have the chance to share it. /No. Benches in parks should be free to visitors. The park can build more benches to solve its problem instead of limiting the time when visitors have a rest on benches.。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,段落大意以及开放题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生准确掌握细节信息,根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行推理,概括归纳,从而写出正确答案。

8.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Little Habits Make a Big Difference

Everything around us is changing at amazing speed, it seems ?but some things will always remain the same.________ Some of our daily habits have the power to always give us happiness and lead us toward success. Here are some little habits that can make a big difference:

________

Many studies have linked early rising with success. An early morning wake-up carries benefits including better planning and anticipation(预料)of problems, and more time to do the things that make you happy.

Happiness comes to those who are curious.

________ As long as you live, there will always be something to learn, and as long as you follow your heart and your passions, you won't miss out on learning.

Believe in yourself and all that your are.

________ Confidence is the key to success ?the thing that lets you look at the past without regret, stay grounded in the present, and prepare for the future without fear.

A day well spent gets you a good night sleep.

Enough sleep makes you feel healthier and happier, and it's more than lifting up your mood or removing exhaustion. Adequate sleep is a key part of your health and inner happiness. ________ It doesn't take a huge effort to make a significant change in your life-using one or two tiny habits may be all you need. Get started today and you'll soon be experiencing the rewards.

A. That's why habits are so powerful.

B. The ground work of all happiness is good health.

C. Early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy, and wise.

D. The habit of respect means treating everyone with kindness.

E. Nothing will ever make you happier than having faith in yourself.

F. When you rest better, you can live better and achieve more happiness.

G. There is no stage in life when we can't be learning something valuable.

【答案】 A;C;G;E;F

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养成几个好习惯可以对人生有很有益的影

响。

(1)根据上文可知,虽然我们周围的一切变化的速度非常快,但是有些事情总是不变,这就是习惯的力量,故选A。

(2)根据下文可知,本段介绍的是早起的好处,早起经常与成功联系在一起,所以作为本段的标题,这里也应该说早起的好处,故选C。

(3)根据上下文可知,这一段讲述的是人只要活着,总有要学习的东西。时常保持着好奇心,好学习的人总会感到幸福。因此G选项“人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西”符合题意,故选G。

(4)根据上下文可知,这一段讲述的是要相信自己,自信是成功的关键,E选项中的have faith in yourself正是此意,故选E。

(5)根据上文可知,本段讲述了休息的重要性,休息得越好,才会感到更加幸福,故选F。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1)分析选项,串联主题:了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。 2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。3)复读短文,核对答案:为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。

9.任务型阅读How to Overcome Depression

Suffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month. Depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily existence. To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you're feeling are the symptoms of depression.________While medications can help relieve symptoms, it is still important for depressed persons to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for coping with it.

Keep yourself busy. Fill your schedule with events and activities you love. Keeping a busy schedule will force you to stay active, focused, and thinking about the next thing on your plate. You can draw up a schedule for each day at the start of the week, or simply plan out each day the night before.________

Improve your diet________Even if you're losing your appetite, you need to be determined to eat three meals a day. You don't need to try to lose weight or be incredibly healthy-conscious when you're dealing with your depression, but eating healthier food regularly will improve your mental and physical state.

Think positively. Being a more positive thinker will help you look at your life and world in a way that fills you with hope instead of despair. To think more positively, you should learn how to recognize your negative thoughts and to fight them with stronger positive thoughts whenever you can. For a jump start, find at least five things to be grateful for________

________ Neglecting personal hygiene (卫生) is a common side effect of depression. While you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself. Shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.

A. Control your emotions.

B. Improve your appearance.

C Most importantly be happy about every single day.

D. Whichever method you choose, make a goal of sticking to it.

E. However, not everyone knows depression has a positive side.

F. Eating a healthy, balanced diet can also help you beat depression.

G. If you are feeling sad, lonely, or worthless, you may be suffering from depression.

【答案】G;D;F;C;B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章针对如何克服抑郁提出了一些建议。

(1)根据前一句“To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you're feeling are the symptoms of depression.”可知,要克服抑郁症,首先你必须确定目前的情绪是抑郁的症状。按照文意,接下来应该是讲哪种情绪是抑郁的症状。选项G“如果你感到悲伤、孤独或毫无价值,你可能会患上抑郁症”是最切题的。所以答案选G。

(2)第二段主要讲了你要通过忙碌的日程转移自己的注意力,在最后提出两个做计划的方法:可以在一周开始的时候制定一个时间表,或者在前一天晚上计划好每一天。根据上下文逻辑关系,接下来只有选项D“无论你选择哪种方法,都要有坚持的目标”顺承句意。所以答案选D。

(3)由第三段第一句也即主旨句“Improve your diet”可知,这一段主要讲如何改善饮食。只有选项F“吃健康、均衡的饮食也能帮助你战胜抑郁”切题。所以答案选F。

(4)根据前一句“For a jump start, find at least five things to be grateful for”可知,首先,你要找到至少5件事值得感激。选项A控制自己的情绪,选项B改善你的外表和选项E并不是每个人都知道抑郁有积极的一面,都不顺承句意。只有选项C“最重要的是每天都要快乐”最切题。所以答案选C。

(5)根据“While you will not beat your de pression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself”可知,虽然你不会通过改变容貌来战胜抑郁,但如果你每天都花时间保持自己的外表和卫生,你就会感觉良好。所以这一段是关于改善外表的。只有选项B切题。所以答案选B。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1)分析选项,串联主题:了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。如果文章有标题,标题往往就点出了文章的主题。如果文章没有给出标题,就需要同学们快速分析出主题。

2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案:了解了文章主题,需要回到文中,重点阅读空格附近的句子,圈定线索词,再和选项进行比对,锁定和线索相关的选项,从而确定答案。3)复读短文,核对答案:为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。看文章从内容上、逻辑上是否通顺连贯,直白地说,就是检查文章是否读得通、读得懂,符合逻辑。

10.任务型阅读

Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you

need.

Most parents know that they need life insurance. But many would rather have a root canal than shop for the best life insurance policy.

“People don't think about, What will my family do if I am gone and not earning a living?'” says Peter Katt, a fee-only life insurance adviser.“ The whole point of this kind of planning is to provide the family with maximum flexibility so they're not stuck.”

Planning for your death is not a cheerful topic. Too often, parents make a quick decision, ignoring important considerations. Among their mistakes one is that they do not buy enough life insurance. ________“They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance,” says Greg Daugherty, executive editor of Consumers Union. But if that person dies, the other parent can't stop working and usually has to pay someone to help care for the family.

________ Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife.

At the same time, many families rely on employer-provided life insurance, but employer-provided coverage is rarely sufficient to support your family. Many employer-provided policies provide a death benefit of $10,000 to $25,000—barely enough to cover your funeral expense. Some employers provide a year's salary, but that may also fall well short of the amount your family would need to maintain its standard of living.

Some employers let workers buy group life insurance through payroll deductions. They may be a good deal for workers who have health problems that would disqualify them for an individual policy. But if you're young and healthy, you may be able to get a better rate on your own.

Another drawback is that if you leave your job, you may not be able to take your insurance.“ Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure,” Daugherty says.“________”

On the other hand, some families buy too much insurance. Not everyone needs life insurance. Some people buy life insurance for babies, which is unnecessary, unless the baby is a child model who is supporting the family, Daugherty says: The purpose of insurance is to replace the income that a family has been relying on. Single people and those who have no children to care for usually don't need life insurance.

Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs.“ I said none,” Katt says. “________”

A. There are people who don't need life insurance but have it and many more people who need it but are woefully uninsured.

B. Families don't always insure a parent who is staying home to care for the children.

C. Most people put off buying life insurance for any number of reasons if they even understand it.

D. Even if you have a lot of insurance at work, it makes sense to have some more insurance on your own.

E. If you fall seriously ill of suffer significant injury later, it will make it tougher to get that kind of policy, if any at all.

F. To make insurance more affordable, you may not need to buy the same amount of insurance for both parents.

【答案】 B;F;D;A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,大多数父母都知道他们需要生命保险,但不愿购买最优质的人寿保险。有些人不需要保险却持有着保险,而许多需要保险的人不幸的是,没有保险。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ They don't think that the person who is not bringing in an income needs life insurance ”因为他们不认为没有收入的人需要人身保险。可知前面说的是人们不会为在家照顾孩子的一个家长买保险。故选B。

(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Katt recommended that one young couple should buy $3 million for the husband who earns $100,000 a year and $1 million for the stay-at-home wife. ”凯特建议一对年轻夫妇给每年收入10万美元的丈夫买300万美元保险,给当家庭主妇的妻子买1百万。可以得知夫妻双方购买的保险数目不用相同。故选F。

(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Given the job market, most of us are not absolutely certain that our jobs are secure ”考虑到务工市场,多数人不能确定自己工作的保障性。因此即使你有工作保险,拥有一些保障自己的保险仍然是重要的。故选D。(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Katt says a man with substantial savings in stocks and bonds and other sources of income recently asked him how much life insurance he needs. ”卡特说,一个在股票、债券和其他来源上有大量储蓄的人咨询自己要买多少人寿保险,说明卡特想要指出有些人不需要保险却持有着保险,而许多需要保险的人不幸的是,没有保险。故选A。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

11.Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Spacewalk!

Most people don't know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.

________ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ________ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.

Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. ________ On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the

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The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒) left over from the numerous meteorite(陨石) strikes on the moon. ________ When astronauts would leave the moon's gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut's eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.

A. However, EVAs don't just happen in empty space.

B. It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail.

C. Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk.

D. Unfortunately, most people have no idea about space exploration or spacesuits.

E. Without the ability to work in space, we are unable to keep our space programs functional.

F. There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective 【答案】 F;C;A;B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。1965年3月18日,宇航员阿列克谢·列奥诺夫成为完成舱外活动(EVA)第一人。现在,宇航员穿着现代宇航服在太空从事许多复杂的工作。为了保证宇航员的安全,新宇航服的设计也有更高的要求。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后" In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide."可知宇航服必须保护人们免受极冷和极热的伤害,提供空气,并去除多余的二氧化碳。 F. There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective“为了使舱外活动在太空中既安全又有效,有几件事必须被考虑进去”承接上文,a few things就是指后文的protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. 故选F。

(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.”可知(气压)太高的话,宇航服就会变硬,很难穿进去。如果(气压)过低,宇航员回到飞船后可能会生病。连接下文, C. Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk.“宇航服还必须在(宇航员)太空行走时保持理想的气压。”切题。C项的air pressure与下文的代词it相呼应。故选C。(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits"可知宇航员现在穿着现代宇航服,在空旷的太空中从事复杂的工作;再根据空后“On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity”可知除了在太空工作,1969年美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗第一次登上月球。承上启下,月球上没有大气,但有地球引力。A. However, EVAs don't just happen in empty space.“然而,舱外活动并不只是发生在广阔的太空中。”切题,故选A。

(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles(颗粒) left over from the numerous meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon"可知月球表面覆盖着一种灰尘,这种灰尘由撞上月亮的陨石留下的小颗粒组成的。承接上文,B. It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail.“它可以粘在任何东西上,最终导致连接和密封(的东西)没法用。”切题。B项的it代指前文的a fine and flour-like dust。选B。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

12.Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

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Home delivery meal kits can slash(大幅消减)food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.

________ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals that are tailored for consumption, people won't over-buy and you have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people will actually eat.

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Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ________

The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. ________ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.

A. However, meal kits are likely heading for the mainstream.

B. If it's single-use and thrown away, the packaging is a killer.

C. In that case, you might replace dozens of car trips with one truck trip.

D. Meal knits arrive on your doorstep by truck filled with every ingredient you need.

E. Tailor-made meal kits save waste by providing precise quantities of fresh ingredients.

F. If food waste was a country, it would rank third in emissions behind the US and China.

【答案】 E;F;C;B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。套餐可以减少食物浪费,但包装是个问题。家庭送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费,但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装,使其更加环保。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ That means leftovers are

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(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bn tonnes.”"波士顿咨询集团2018年的一份报告发现,到2030年,全球食品浪费预计将达到21亿吨,预计垃圾将飙升三分之一。承接下文,F.If food waste was a country, it would rank third in emissions behind the US and China.“如果食品浪费是一个国家,它的排放量将排在美国和中国之后,位列第三。”切题。故选F。(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors.”那辆送货卡车可以为你和几十个邻居送饭。承接上文,C.In that case, you might replace dozens of car trips with one truck trip.“在这种情况下,你可以用一次卡车旅行来代替几十次汽车旅行。”切题。故选C。

(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.”所有的环境效益都丧失了。但是如果包装可以重复使用,您可以获得一些好处。承接下文,B.If it's single-use and thrown away, the packagi ng is a killer.“如果一次性使用并被丢弃,包装就是一个杀手。”切题。故选B。

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13.Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

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