英语48个国际音标发音规则及要领

48个国际音标表

/i/--/i:/--发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。

/e/--发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大。

//--发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形。

//--//是长元音。发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍收圆。 //--发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆。

//--它是长元音。发音时舌后部抬得比//即美式//美式//高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。 /u/--发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆，稍突出。

//--发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式读音//英式读音//高。双唇收圆并突出。 口形比/u/////稍小。

//--发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，开口度较大，与//相似。 //--//是长元音。发音时舌中部比发//音时略高。双唇扁平。

//--//是读短元音。发音时舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，双唇扁平。

/ei/--先发/e/音，然后滑向/i/音。双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。

//--它由元音//滑向后元音/u/即美音和英音的//，舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。注意将音发足。

/ai/--/ai/为双元音。先发/a/音，然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齿。发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足，注意从开到合的滑动。

/au/--/au/或//由/a/滑向/u///。舌位由低到高，口形由大到小。注意将音发足。

/i/--发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。发好这个音的关键是首先要把后元音/a/////发足，然后滑向/i/音。

/i /--其发音要领是从/i/音滑向//音，美音则滑向/r/音。前面的/i/发得较清楚，后面的//或/r/较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。

//--其发音方法是从///e/音滑向//音。发间时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，此音中的//有似于/e/音，//音较轻。

/u /--发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把/u///音发足，然后滑向//音。 /p/ /b/--/p/是p 的发音，/b/是b 的发音。双唇爆破辅音。发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突灰分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/p/是清辅音，声带不振动；/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。

/t/ /d/--/t/是t 的发音，/d/是d 的发音。舌齿爆破辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/t/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。

/k/ //--/k/是字母k 和字母c 的发音，//是字母g 的读音。舌后软颚爆破辅音。发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动。

元 音 12个单元音 长元音 [i:] [] [] [u:] [a:]

短元音 [i] [] [] [u] []

[e] [] 8个双元音 [ai] [ei] [i] [i ] [

] [] [u ] [au] 辅 音 10

对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [] [ ∫ ] [] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音

[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [] [ ] [] [dr] [dz] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] []

3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]

2个半元音

[w] [j]

/f/ /v/--/f/是f和ph的发音，/v/是v的发音。唇齿摩擦辅音。发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。/f/是清辅音，声带不振动；/v/是浊辅音，声带振动。

// //--////是th的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。//是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动。

/s/ /z/--/s//z/是s的发音，/z/又是z的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动；/z/是浊浦音，声带振动。

/∫/ //--/∫/是sh的发音，//是s的发音。舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，双唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形成摩擦音。/∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动。

/h/--/h/是字母h的发音。声门摩擦辅音。发音时气流送出口腔，在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦；口形随其后的元音而变化。/h/是清辅音，声带不振动。

/m/--/m/是m的发音。双唇鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂，双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔送出。

/n/--/n/是n的发音。舌尖齿龈鼻辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。

//--//是ng的发音。舌后软颚鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。声带振动。

/w/--/w/是w的发音。舌后软颚半元音。发音时舌后部向软颚抬起，舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出，声带振动。发音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音。

/l/--/l/是l的发音。舌端齿龈边辅音。发音时舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬颚抬起，气流从舌的旁边送出。当此音为尾音时，将舌端抵住上齿龈，舌前下限，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形。浊辅音、声带振动。

/r/--/r/是r的发音。舌尖齿龈(后部)摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖卷起，靠近上齿龈后部。舌两侧稍收扰。双唇略突出。气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦。浊辅音，声带振动。

/j/--/j/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是国音字母y在词首的读音，是舌前硬颚半元音。发音时舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，舌位较高，双唇伸展成扁平状。它是个浊辅音，声带振动。

//--//是ch的发音，//是dge的发音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。//是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动。

/ts/ /dz/传统的国际音标读音符号，新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分别是字母组合ts和ds的读音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，/dz/是浊辅音。

/tr/ /dr/传统的国际音标读音符号。新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内。/tr/、/dr/分别是tr、dr的发音。齿龈后部破擦辅音。发音时舌身与/r/相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，/dr/是浊辅音。

[i:] ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece

[æ] a--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

[e] ea e a --head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any

[]ir ur ear er or --girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard

[ε] er or ou ar o a e u --teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada

[a:] ar a --car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm

[]u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood

[]al or au our ar--small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter []o a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch

[u:]oo o u--food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude

[u] oo ou u o--look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf [ei] a ay ea ai ey--name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey

[ai] i y--bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye

[au] ou ow--house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town

[]o ow oa--home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal

[i] eer ear--beer deerear near here fierce idea

[]ear air ere--pear bear chair air fair there where care

[u] our ower--hour tour flower shower

[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city

[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary

[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky

[g] girl good goal goat grade long language

[m] man make moon morning move come comb

[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

[] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning

[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul

[r] read red right run room write

[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough

[v] very evening even every voice vest of

[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf

[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those

[] that this those these though

[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention

[h] hot hop home house horse how who

[w] when what where window wind wood

[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

[] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach

[] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk

[tr] tree country try treat track trunk

[dr] dry dream drop drive drink

[ts] students boots boats goats nuts

[dz] goods woods moods hoods

英语单词发音规则

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母读音例词

a在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back

e在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese

在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim

o在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock

u在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母读音例词

a 在[w]音后面 [c] want what watch wash quality

a 在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [ɑː] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high

o 在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold

o 在m n v th前 [ʌ] come monkey love mother

三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母读音例词

a [ə] China another woman breakfast orange comrade village cabbage

e [ə] hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin children

i [ɪ] holiday beautiful family animal

[ai] exercise satellite

o [ə] second tonight somebody welcome

[əʊ] also zero photo

u [ə] autumn difficult

[jʊ] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作音。

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组读音例词

ar在[w]音后面 [ɑː] car farm dark sharpener

[C:] warm quarter towards

or在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short

[E:] word worker worse

er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组读音例词

are [eə] care dare hare

ere[ɪə] here mere

ire[aɪə] fire hire wire

ore[ɔː] more score before

ure[jʊə] pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组读音例词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play

air [eə] air hair chair pair repair

al在f m前 [c] small ball talk wall all

[ɔːl] always also salt almost

[ɑː] half calm

au/aw[c:] autumn daughter draw

ea[i:] teach easy cheap please

[e] heavy bread sweater weather

[ei] break great

ear[ie] hear dear near clear year

[eə] bear pear wear swear

[e:] earth learn early

ee[i:] jeep week green three

eer[ie] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they

[i:] either key

eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper

[u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei [s]音之后[i:] piece field receive

oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [c:] roar board door floor

oi/oy [ci] noise point boy toilet

oo [u:] broom food tooth school book look cook foot good

ou/ow [au] flower house count down

[ou] know row throw though

[ʌ] young country enough

[u:] group you soup

our [c:] course your four

[aue] our hour ours

[e:] journey

ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition

[u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群读音例词

ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey

ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[ə]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous

-sion -tion [ʃ(ə)n] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后 [ʒ(ə)n]] vision decision occasion

-tion在s后 [tʃ(ə)n] question suggestion

-sten [s(ə)n] listen

-stle [s(ə)l] whistle

-sure [ʒə] pleasure measure

-ture [tʃə] picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如： everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[C:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子＞ Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子＞ holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[ɑː]斋戒＞ breakfast[ə] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔː] ＞ cupboard[ə] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组读音例词

b bike bus bag

[/] bomb tomb

c c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music

[s] face decide cinema

ch [tʃ] much chick rich teacher

[k] school headache chemistry

[ʃ] machine

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock

d [d] doctor bread hand day

-dge [dʒ] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink

f [f] five four breakfast

g g在e i/y前 [g] bag garden go

[dʒ] orange large German

gh [f] cough enough

[/] light daughter

gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue

[gw] language anguish

h [h] hot head house hand

[/] hour honest

j [dʒ] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week

kn- [n] knife know knock

l [l] life milk school tall

m [m] monkey come autumn

-mn [m] autumn column solemn

n n在 [k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note

[ŋ] uncle thank hungry

-ng [ŋ] morning young wrong

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

ph [f] elephant photo telephone

q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite

r [r] red rubber ruler

s s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband

sc- [sk] scarlet

[s] muscle science

Sh [F] she fish shirt wash

t t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet

[F] patient nation

tch [tF] watch

th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the -ther中 [鑍thin thirty method [ð] the these with than

[ð] clothe father weather

tr-[tr] tree train country truck

v [v] very voice love leave

w [w] week win wake sweet wait

[/] Answer two

wh-wh- 在字母o前 [w] what when white why

[h] who whose whole

X 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise

[gz] example exist exact

wr- [r] write

y- [j] yes yard yellow young

z [z] puzzle zero zoo

英语语音名词解释

1．音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音

节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 0-01

2．音节的划分①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长元音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一

个音节里的元音是短元音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

例如：长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther

短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02

3．重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数

是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 0-03

4．开音节①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.

②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 0-04

5．闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 0-05 6．双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如：丩stu-dent 碈hi-na 磗ec-ond 碼u-tumn in-磀eed

含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：

a丩bout be磃ore ex碿use re磒air for-磄et-ful in-磛en-tor 0-06

7．多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如：丩el-e-phant con-grat-u-磍a-tion

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien丩tific im磒ression 磏ation