英国文学史及文学作品选读1课程教学大纲
主要英语国家文学史及文学作品选读1
课程教学大纲
British Literature
课程编号: 12212029适用专业:英语专业本科
学时数: 56学分数: 3.5
执笔人:张宜华编写日期:2006年8月
一、课程的性质和目的
本课程培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英国文学原著的能力，掌握英国文学的基本知识，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。
本课程是英语专业高年级的一门必修课程，旨在帮助学生学习英国文学，使其对英国文学的来龙去脉有一个最基本的了解，对英国小说、戏剧、诗歌的代表作品有一个初步的感性认识。学生通过阅读和分析英国文学作品，可以熟悉文学批评的基本理论和方法，扩大知识面，积累文学和文化知识，训练对文本的感受能力、思辩能力、分析能力和语言表达能力，提高英语水平。
二、课程教学环节的基本要求
课堂讲授：
1. 本课程以教师课堂讲授为主，学生讨论为辅。教学中简要介绍各个时期的文学特点，重点讲授主要作家的代表作品。
2.组织学生探讨课后思考题，并适当补充一些文学上有趣而又有争议的问题，促使其深入思考，培养其作深入细致研究的能力。
3.在本课程的教学过程中，给学生播放由文学作品改编的电影DVD等，加深感性认识，增进对文学的兴趣。
4.除教材外，给学生指定相关的参考书，拓宽其知识面。
5.在教学过程中，教师应向学生介绍常见的文学术语，提高学生的文学素养。作业方面：
1. 阅读《英国文学选读》、2部英语长篇小说、相关材料。
2. 参加单元测试。
3. 就所阅读的文学作品写二至三篇文学评论。
测试环节：
期末测试可根据具体情况，分为开卷、闭卷及课程论文撰写三种形式。
一、课程的教学内容和学时分配
第一章中世纪文学（4学时）
教学内容：盎格鲁—撒克逊文学（The Anglo-Saxon Period，公元5世纪—1066年）（1学时）；中古英语文学（The Medieval Period，1066—1500年）最杰出的代表人物杰弗里?乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400）（3学时）。
教学要求：
1、了解中世纪文学的年代划分及文学特点；了解盎格鲁—撒克逊时代最重要的
一部文学作品《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf)；了解"骑士抒情诗"。
2、理解中古英语文学中最杰出的代表人物杰弗里?乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400），以及中古英语传奇文学特点；
3、掌握乔叟及其作品，选读《坎特伯雷故事集》。
重点：学习“英国诗歌之父”Geoffrey Chaucer的代表作The Canterbury Tales
的序言部分。
难点：英语诗歌和英语散文的区别；英语诗歌形式的理解--- 韵律；押韵，英雄双韵体。
第二章文艺复兴时期文学（8学时）
教学内容：文艺复兴时期文学，又为伊丽莎白时期文学（The Elizabethan Age），指1485年玫瑰战争结束后到1603年伊丽莎白女王逝世这段时间。伊丽莎白女王登基后，英国资本主义迅速增长，激发了英国文学的发展。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系----人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。
文艺复兴时期最杰出的作家---威廉?沙士比亚（William Shakespeare，1564-1616）（4学时）；著名散文家培根（Francis Bacon，1561-1626）（4学时）。
教学要求：
1、了解文艺复兴的特点；人文主义的定义；培根的文学地位及作品；
2、理解Francis Bacon的生平及其主要作品Essays；William Shakespeare的生平及其四大悲剧和十四行诗；
3、掌握莎士比亚的写作特点，在文学史中的地位。Hamlet关于生存和死亡的经典独白以及Romeo和Juliet的“阳台诉情”。
重点：分析、掌握Francis Bacon的经典散文Of Studies；选读《哈姆雷特》，分析其主题及哈姆雷特的个性。莎士比亚十四行诗的特点，选读商籁体18。
难点：英语诗歌形式的理解---blank verse；十四行诗(Sonnet)
第三章 17世纪文学（6学时）
教学内容：17世纪文学从1603年伊丽莎白去世到1688年资产阶级发动不流血的“光荣革命”（Glorious Revolution）。
17世纪玄学派诗歌的代表人物约翰?多恩（John Donne，1572-1631）（2学时）；英国资产阶级革命时期最有代表性的诗人弥尔顿（John Milton ，1608-1674）（4学时）。
教学要求：
1、了解十七世纪英国文学的特点。了解该时期的英国诗歌；了解王正复辟时期最受欢迎的小说家约翰?班扬及其作品《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）
2、理解John Donne及玄学派诗歌；理解John Milton及其代表作Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained和Samson Agonistes
3、掌握John Milton及其代表作Paradise Lost；
重点：学习多恩的The Flee和Holy Sonnet 10；阅读Paradise Lost（Excerpt）。难点：“别出心裁的比喻”（conceit）；英语诗歌中的意象；英语诗歌的分类
第四章启蒙时期文学（18世纪文学）（8学时）
教学内容：1688年的“光荣革命”推翻复辟王朝，确定了君主立宪制，建立起资产阶级和新贵族领导的政权，英国从此进入了一个相对安定的发展时期。该时期文学以崇尚理性为代表的新古典主义文学占主导地位。
英国小说之父丹尼尔?笛福（Daniel Defoe，1660-1731）（4学时）；
讽刺散文大家乔纳森?斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift，1667-1745）（4学时）。
教学要求：
1、了解启蒙时期文学的基本历史。了解该时期的文学代表人物。
2、理解新古典主义文学作品的特点，具体到Daniel Defoe和Jonathan Swift的小说Robinson Crusoe和Gulliver’s Travels。
3、掌握Daniel Defoe和Jonathan Swift的生平及主要作品其体现出来的人文精神和写作特点。
重点：分析Robinson Crusoe的第四章和Gulliver’s Travels的第四部第七章。
难点：小说的情节安排和细节；语言风格
第五章浪漫主义时期文学（8学时）
教学内容：浪漫主义文学指从1798年《抒情歌谣集》的发表到1832年沃尔特.司各逝世这段时间。
浪漫主义诗歌的先驱William Blake (1757-1827) ；Robert Burns (1752-1796) （2学时）
湖畔诗人William Wordsworth (1770-1850) S.T. Coleridge (1772-1834) （2学时）
革命诗人George Gordon Byron(1788-1824) Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) （2学时）
天才诗人John Keats(1795-1821) （2学时）
教学要求：
1、了解浪漫主义时期的特点及其年代划分。了解浪漫派诗歌的代表诗人William Blake, Robert Burns, William Wordsworth, S.T. Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, John Keats的写作特点，作品主题及其代表作。
2、理解诗作The Lamb；A Red, Red Rose；Auld Lang Syne；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud；Ode to the West Wind
3、掌握浪漫主义诗人各自的诗歌特点。
重点：朗读欣赏诗作The Lamb；A Red, Red Rose；Auld Lang Syne；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud；Ode to the West Wind
难点：浪漫主义文学的定义；浪漫主义诗人的个人特点
第六章现实主义时期文学（8学时）
教学内容：1837年维多利亚女王（Queen Victoria，1819--1901）登基。英国经济空前繁荣，社会问题也日益严重，因此这一时期的文学作品也最有成效。该时期文学也称为维多利亚时期文学。
维多利亚时期的诗歌Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)；Robert Browning (1812-1889)；Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) （2学时）
现实主义时期的小说Jane Austen (1775-1817)；Charles Dickens(1812-1870) Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)；Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)（4学时）
现实主义时期的戏剧Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)；George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) （2学时）
教学要求：
1、了解维多利亚时期的特点及其年代划分。了解该时期的代表诗人，主要小说家及戏剧家。
2、理解Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Joseph Conrad, Oscar Wilde,和George
Bernard Shaw及其主要作品。
3、掌握该时期的文学特点以及相关的重要作品。
重点：阅读小说：Great Expectation第三十九章；Heart of Darkness第二部节选部分；Tess of D’U rbervilles的第五十八、五十九章；欣赏The Importance of Being Earnest 和Pygmalion剧本片段。
难点：英国人文主义文学；现实主义小说的特点及其影响；唯美主义；分析小说、戏剧中的人物塑造、情节安排、叙述角度、象征细节、语言风格。
第七章现代主义文学时期（8学时）
教学内容：该时期指从第一次世界大战到第二世界大战结束。英国现代主义文学在思想内容和艺术形式上都力图摆脱传统的束缚，具有前卫色彩。
20世纪20 年代的英国诗坛：T.S.Eliot (1888-1965)；William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) （2学时）
现代主义文学时期的小说：James Joyce (1882-1941)；Virginia Woolf(1882-1941)；https://www.360docs.net/doc/da5404662.html,wrence(1885-1930)；E.M.Forster(1879-1970)；（6学时）
教学要求：
1、了解现代主义文学的历史。了解重要诗人T.S.Eliot和W.B.Yeats及其代表作；了解现代主义小说家James Joyce和Virginia Woolf 及其代表作，多产作家
https://www.360docs.net/doc/da5404662.html,wrence及其富有争议的小说作品。
2、理解James Joyce和Virginia Woolf在小说中的意识流写作手法及其意义。
3、掌握现代主义时期文学的基本特点。
重点：阅读欣赏《荒原》节选以及The Second Coming（《第二次来临》）；阅读欣赏意识流短篇小说Araby；阅读欣赏短篇小说The Rocking-Horse winner及Howards End。
难点：现代主义文学；意识流小说；象征意义
第八章当代文学（6学时）
教学内容：1945年二战结束，英国从多年的战时状态转入和平时期但国力严重削弱，出现了大批反映现实的文学作品。
战后初期的小说 William Golding (1911-1993)（2学时）
50、60年代的小说及戏剧 Doris Lessing (1919- ) John Fowless (1926- ) （4学时）
20世纪的英国诗歌 Dylan Thomas (1914-1953) Philip Larkin (1922- 1985) Ted Hughes (1930-1998) Seamus Heaney (1939- )A.S.Byatt (1936- )（2学时）教学要求：
1、了解英国当代文学的基本历史。了解“愤怒的青年”的特点及其代表人物和作品。
2、阅读欣赏William Golding的小说Lord of the Flies，理解其反映出来的强烈时代感和深刻性；
3、掌握该时期重要文学现象，以及具有代表性的作家、诗人等。
重点：阅读欣赏杰出女作家Doris Lessing的作品A Woman on a Roof；了解作家John Fowless，分析其代表作The French Lieutenant’s Wom an，理解开放性“实验小说”；阅读欣赏当代诗人Philip Larkin等的作品。
难点: 对英国当代文学中层出不穷的文学流派及文学批评走向的理解
四、本课程和其它课程的联系和分工
1、本课程是英语专业本科的高年级课程，学生须具备相当的英语基本功底，方可根据具体情况在第三学年或第四学年开设本课程。
2、本课程融会了英语专业基础阶段读、写、说、译等基本技能，要求学生对英美两国的历史、地理等背景常识有基本的了解。在学生已具备以上基础的条件下，本课程将进一步巩固和提高学生的英语语言技能（尤其是阅读及写作能力），拓宽学生的知识面，培养学生深入思考社会问题及欣赏文学作品的能力。
五、建议教材和教学参考书
建议教材:
[1] 王守仁主编. 英国文学选读(第二版) . 高等教育出版社. 2005.
[2] 罗经国编注. 新编英国文学选读(上下册). 北京大学出版社. 1996.
建议教学参考书:
[1] Aldick, Chris. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2000.
[2] 常耀信. A Survey of English Literature.南开大学出版社. 2006.
[3] 李正栓主编. 英国文学学习指南. 清华大学出版社. 2006.
[4] 蔡赓生编著. 文学评论和鉴赏教程. 武汉大学出版社. 1997.
[5]吴伟仁编. 英国文学史及选读(1-2册). 外语教学和研究出版社. 1998.
大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)
英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学（约5世纪-1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后，英国资本主义工商业发展较快，市民阶级兴起，英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉，社会各阶层普遍使用英语，为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer， 1343-1400）的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索，通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事，勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体，对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献，被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美，流畅自然，他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平，推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期-17世纪初） 相对于欧洲其他国家来说，英国的文艺复兴起始较晚，通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义，它主张以人为本，反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观，提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的《乌托邦》（Utopia）批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会，设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词，但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河，这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》（The New Atlantis）、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels）、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》（Erewhon）一直延续到20世纪
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B
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(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史分时期总结作家作品
英语文学史分时期总结作家作品
英国文学史及选读2017期末复习名词解释中英
名词解释 ENGLISH LITERATURE--DEFINITION OF TERMS 1 were passed down from generation to generation. 3) Robin Hood is a famous ballad singing the goods of Robin Hood. Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a 19th century English ballad. 2Critical Realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties.2)The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.3) Charles Dickens is the most important critical realist. 3With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. The social inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people. 启蒙主义：启蒙主义是在18世纪在英国发生的。总体上，启蒙主义是当时的资产阶级对封建主义，社会的不平等、死寂、偏见和其他的封建残余的一种反对。通过将科学的各个分支与人民的日常生活和需要联系起来，启蒙主义者们努力将他们变成为人民大众服务的工具 4-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.
吴伟仁的英国文学史及选读
History and Anthology of English Literature Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Questions: 1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________, and_______________. 2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also the wealth of a new language. 3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf? 4.How did Beowulf come into being? 5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel?s fight with Beowulf? 6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him? Key points of this part: The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines. There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf: 1.the fight with the monster, Grendel. 2.The fight with Grendel?s mother, a still more frightful she-monster. 3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon. The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people. There are three important features:: 1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This is characteristic of all old English verse. 2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in the poem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g. “riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors; “Whale?s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language. 3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation, blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.