(全)考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结

考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结

真题实战

His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

结构分析

这个句子是一个复合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。其后who must accept the obligation 是一个定语从句。obligation 后面的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible，这段状语的位置有点乱放，用改放到句末去，也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

词汇释义

function n. 作用，职责

analogous a. 相似的，类似的

judge n. 法官，裁判员

obligation n. 义务，责任

reveal v. 揭露，显露

拆分翻译

His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /

他的职责与法官相似

who must accept the obligation / /

必须承担这样的责任

of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /

以一种尽可能清楚明白的方式来展示推理的过程

which led him to his decision.

导致他做出决定

参考译文

他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能清楚明白的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

总结

真题实战

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

结构分析

整个句子的主句是humans have the ability。to modify the environment in which they live作定语，修饰前面的名词ability。in which 引导一个定语从句，修饰environment。分词短语subjecting...to...作状语。

词汇释义

furthermore ad. 此外，再者

modify v. 更改，修改

subject v. 使经历，使遭受

peculiar n. 特有的，独特的

fancy n. 想象的事物，爱好

拆分翻译

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment / /

而且，人类有能力改造环境

in which they live,/ /

我们生存的环境

thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies 而使所有其他生命形态服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象

参考译文

而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，而使所有其他生命形态服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象。

总结

真题实战

They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 结构分析

整个句子由两个并列句构成，第一个句子主干是They are the possessions，后面是定语成分。第二个句子主干部分是they are essential to practices，后面是一个in which引导的定语从句。在定语从句中，主语是a person，后面是两个并列谓语。第一个并列谓语is held，第二个并列谓语是is given，承前省略了is。

词汇释义

autonomous a. 自主的，自治的

essential a. 必不可少的，根本的

responsible a. 有责任的，负责的

credit n. 赞扬，认可

拆分翻译

They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,/ /

它们为传统理论的自主人所有

and they are essential to practices / /

它们是实践活动所必不可少的

in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and / /

在这些实践活动中，要求一个人对自己的行为负责

given credit for his achievements.

并因其成就而获得赞扬

参考译文

自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，它们是实践活动所必不可少的，在这些实践中，一个人应该对自己的行为负责，并且因其成就而获得赞扬。

总结

首先是定语从句的后置；其次是被动的处理方法：可以通过主动来解决；直接把“被”省略掉；找其他汉语中的词来代替。

注意：在考试中，句子出现了it / they 等等代词，要把实际指代的成分翻译出来，而不是直接翻译成“它/它们”。当然这个句子中我没有给你们原文，可以

真题实战

Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researches around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

结构分析

整个句子是一个复合句，主句是Pearson has pieced together the work，of hundreds of researches是修饰work的定语成分，around the world to 所带的不定式短语作结果状语。that引导一个定语从句，修饰calendar；when 引导的也是定语从句，不是时间状语，这个定语从句修饰时间名词dates。

词汇释义

millennium n. 千年，一千年

breakthrough n. 突破，成就

latest a. 最新的，最近的

piece together 拼凑，拼合

拆分翻译

Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researches around the world / /

皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的工作成果

to produce a unique millennium technology calendar / /

编制了一个独特的技术千年历

that gives the latest dates / /

它给出了最晚的日期

when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

届时，我们就能看到数百项重大突破和发现

参考译文

皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，它给出了最晚的日期。届时，我们就能看到数百项重大突破和发现。

总结

定语的翻译方法和增词法的使用；latest的意思，latest的词根是late，所以latest

真题实战

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxationa will be in form of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.

结构分析

整个句子是四个并列的简单句，第一个简单句是Children will play with dolls，其后的equipped with personality chips是修饰dolls的定语；第二个句子是computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools；第三个句子是relaxationa will be in form of

smell-television；第四个句子是and digital age will have arrived。

词汇释义

equip v. 装备，配备

personality n. 个性，性格

chip n. 芯片

relaxation n. 休闲，放松

smell-television 气味电视机

rather than 而不是

拆分翻译

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, / /

儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍

computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, / /

带有内置个性芯片的计算机将被是为同时而不是玩具

relaxationa will be in form of smell-television, / /

人们将在气味电视机前娱乐

and digital age will have arrived.

届时数字化时代就来临了

参考译文

儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有内置个性芯片的计算机将被是为同时而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来临了

总结

真题实战

If the small hot spots looks as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.

结构分析

句首是If引导的条件状语从句，句子真正的主干是that will be a triumph；a refinement of the Big Bang是another scientific idea的同位语（这个地方很多同学不清晰，要注意同位语的翻译方法）；后面有个分短语called the inflationary universe theory作定语，修饰a refinement of the Big Bang，前面的for yet another scientific idea是修饰triumph的定语成分。

词汇释义

triumph n. 胜利，成功

refinement n. 改善，改进

inflationary a. 通货膨胀的(注意在这个句子中不翻译成通货膨胀)

拆分翻译

If the small hot spots looks as expected, / /

如果那些小热点看上去同期望的一样，

that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / /

那将是又一科学观点的胜利，

a refinement of the Big Bang / /

一种更完美的与宇宙大爆炸理论

called the inflationary universe theory.

被叫做宇宙膨胀论

参考译文

如果那些小热点看上去同期望的一样，那就意味着又一科学观点的胜利，这种理论是一种更完善的大爆炸理论，也被叫做宇宙膨胀论

总结

这个句子真正的难点是词汇，专业性很强，不知道你们的翻译的时候有没有遇到不认识的词，是查字典了还是猜出来的？超纲词或者生词的处理方法都是从前后

真题实战

Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.

结构分析

这是and并列的两个句子，第一个句子整体上是个简单句，主干是Astrophysicists are closing in on such structures；Astrophysicists后面working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and

balloon-borne instruments是and连接的两个定语，修饰前面主语的，这个地方很多同学不清晰句子结构。后面第二个句子就比较简单了。

词汇释义

astrophysicist n. 天体物理学家

ground-based a. 路基的，以地面为基础的

detector n. 探测器，侦察器

balloon-borne a. 球载的

close in 逼近，围绕

拆分翻译

Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / /

使用南极陆地探测器及球载仪器的天体物理学家（注意：South Pole是修饰ground-based detectors而不是整个句子；Astrophysicists的定语部分要清晰）

are closing in on such structures,/ /

正在接近这些结构

and may report their findings soon.

也许很快就会报告他们的发现结果

参考译文

使用南极陆地探测器及球载仪器的工作的天体物理学家，正在接近这些结构，也许很快就会报告他们的发现结果。

总结

这句话的难点真的不是语法结构，语法结构相信大家都能搞清楚，但是如何翻出来，翻译通顺，要注意了。还有一点，这句话的生词比较多，熟词僻义也有，要

真题实战

This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.

结构分析

整个句子的主干是This seems mostly effectively done，后面是由by引导的介词短语做状语；by所带的介词短语作方式状语，介词by的宾语是现在分词短语supporting a certain amount of research，not related to immediate goals作定语修饰research，后面还有一个but连接的of possible consequence in the future构成并列定语，同时修饰research。

词汇释义

mostly ad. 主要地，多半地

effectively ad. 有效地，有力地

relate v. 相关，有关联

consequence n. 后果，影响

a certain amount of 一定数量的，引申为“一些”

拆分翻译

This seems mostly effectively done / /

这个问题似乎能够有效的得到解决

by supporting a certain amount of research / /

通过支持一些研究

not related to immediate goals / /

与当前目标无关

but of possible consequence in the future

与将来可能产生的影响有关

参考译文

通过支持一些研究，这些研究和当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响，这个问题就会得到有效的解决。

总结

by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future本部分是not...but...并列的两个部分共同做后置定语，比较复杂。