人教版高中英语(必修四)(全册知识点考点梳理、重点题型分类巩固练习)(家教、补习、复习用)
新人教版高中英语（必修四）
重难点突破
知识点梳理及重点题型巩固练习
Women of achievement
目标认知
重点词汇
condition, concern, respect，support，consideration，deliver，worthwhile，observe，inspire，behave，determine，devote，intend，argue
重点短语
lead a ... life(＝live a ... life)，care for，by chance，come across，carry on
重点句型
现在分词短语作伴随状语
spend time/energy/money(in) doing sth./on sth.
as...as possible
“only+状语”+部分倒装结构
It was...that...
知识讲解
重点词汇
【词汇精讲】
condition
重点例句：
She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.
(1) [ U] present state of a thing
状况，状态
the condition of weightless
be in good/excellent/ perfect condition
be in bad condition
(2) [C] (pl.)circumstances
条件
差的工作和生活条件
poor working and living conditions
teaching and studying conditions
(3) (idm)
on condition that…=only if; provided that
I will buy you a laptop on condition that you are admitted to a key university.
你要穿上外衣才能出去。
You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.
concern
重点例句：
She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially the China Welfare Institute for women and children.
concern vt. (sth. concern sb.)
(1) =to worry sb.
Our losses are beginning to concern me.
我们的损失使我担起心来。
Never say: I began to concern our losses.
(2) =to be about sth./be important to sb.
Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you.
别管与自己无关的事。
a report that concerns drug abuse
关于滥用毒品的报告
concerned (adj.)
(1)=worried 担心、烦恼、忧虑
be concerned about/for/over…
We are all concerned______________ her safety.
(2) be concerned with
与某事有关、涉及某事
The loss was concerned with the weather.
concern n.
1. [U]=worry; anxiety 担心; 忧虑; 焦虑; 焦急
concern for/about/over sth./sb.; concern that...
There is now considerable concern for their safety.
现在对他们的安全相当担心。
2. [C] thing that is important or interesting to sb.
对某人来说是重要的或感兴趣的事物:
What are your main concerns as a writer?
你身为作家, 对什麽最感兴趣/关注?
respect
【原句回放】For forty years Jane Goodall had been out spoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. 40年来，简.古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
【点拨】respect v.
(1)尊敬；尊重；仰慕
He’s not the most popular teacher，but the students respect him．他不是最受欢迎的老师，但学生们都尊敬他。
(2)慎重对待，谨慎从事；尊重(某人的意愿、权利等)
She promises to respect our wishes．她保证尊重我们的意愿。
【搭配拓展】
respect sb./ sth.(for sth.)就……而尊重某人/某物
show respect for sb.＝pay respect to sb.尊敬某人
win/gain/earn the respect of sb.赢得某人的尊敬
have respect for sb./ sth.尊敬/尊重某人/某物
give/send one’s respects to...代……向……问好
in all respects＝in every respect在各个方面
in respect of / to关于；就……来说
with respect to关于
out of respect for sb.出于对某人的尊敬
She is always honest with me，and I respect her for that．
她一直对我很诚实，我非常敬重她这一点。
Give / Send my respects to your parents．
请代我问候你的父母。
support
【原句回放】… her mother came to support her. ……她的母亲来支持她。
【点拨】support vt.
(1)支持；拥护
If you raise the question at the meeting，I’ll support you．
如果你在会上提出这个问题，我将支持你。
(2)供养，赡养
He has two children to support．他要供养两个孩子。
(3)支撑
Support the baby’s head when you hold it．
抱孩子时要把他(她)的头托住。
【思维拓展】
in support of为了支持……，为了拥护……
a supporting part/role 配角
a supporting program附加片，附加戏
give/lend/offer/provide support to sb.支持某人
active support积极支持
financial support财政援助
mental support精神支持
consideration
【原句回放】What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 后来使她出名的是她对所有病人献出的关怀和体贴。
【点拨】consideration n.体贴；体谅；要考虑的事；考虑。研究
He never shows any consideration for his wife’s needs．
他从不关心妻子的需要。
The cost of the journey is our main consideration．
旅行的花费是我们考虑的主要因素。
After long consideration he agreed to their requests．
考虑许久之后，他同意了他们的请求。
【搭配拓展】
(1) in consideration of考虑到……，顾及……
leave...out of consideration
忽视……，对……不加考虑
take...into consideration
考虑……，斟酌……，体谅……
(2)consider
O + as + n.
O + to be + n./ adj.
O + to have done
We consider him as / to be a good student．
我们认为他是个好学生。
They once considered moving into the countryside．
他们曾考虑搬到农村去。
deliver
【原句回放】… went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family…
……在深夜去为贫困的家庭（的产妇）接生……
【点拨】deliver vt．
主要有如下两种含义：
(1)接生；助产，使分娩
The doctor delivered the child．医生接生了那个小孩。
The doctor delivered the woman．医生给这个妇女助产。
(2)交付，递送，可与up/to搭配
Would you deliver my message to your brother?
你可以帮我传口信给你哥哥吗?
worthwhile
【原句回放】However , the evening makes it all worthwhile.
不过到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。
【点拨】worthwhile adj.值得做的，值得一试的
worthwhile可作表语或定语，作表语时可替换为worth one’s while，后接doing/to do，其近义词有worth和worthy，但表达的结构不一样。
get one’s money’s worth使某人的钱花得有价值
worth one’s salt称职的，胜任的
worth it有用的，值得的
be worth doing值得一做
be worth(one’s) while doing/to do值得做
be worthy of being done / to be done值得被做
be worthy of sth．值得，配
【辨析】worth, worthy与worthwhile
这三个词语都可以作形容词，都有“值得的”的意思，但是用法和搭配关系不同。(1)worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意思是“值得……的，相当于……的价值的”。由于它类似介词，须在后面接名词或主动形式的动名词作宾语。
(2)worthy可以作表语、定语。作定语时，意思是“有价值的，值得尊敬的，受到赏识的”；用作表语时，意思是“值得……的，应得到……的”，其后不能直接跟名词或动名词作宾语，要加上of，但其后可以直接跟不定式。worthy后的不定式或动名词如果和句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则不定式或动名词应该用被动形式。
(3)worthwhile既可以作表语，又可以作定语。表示某事因重要、有趣或受益而值得花时间、价钱或努力去做，意思是“值得做的，值得的，有意义的”。
observe
【原句回放】She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。
【点拨】observe vt.
(1)注意到，观察到
He observed a stranger enter his house．
他看到一个陌生人进了他家。
(2)遵守，奉行(法律、协议或习俗)
Do people observe Christmas Day in this country?
这个国家的人们庆祝圣诞节吗?
【思维拓展】
do sth．做了某事
observe sb.观察到某人
doing sth.正在做某事
observe sth.观察(注意到)某事
observe that...观察到……
observation n.观察，预测，监视
observance n.(对法律、习俗的)遵守
observer n.观察(测)者，目击者
inspire
【原句回放】She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
她激励着那些要为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩的人们。
【点拨】inspire．鼓励，激励；激发，激起；导致，促成
The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm．
演员们用他们的热情鼓舞着孩子们。
His paintings were clearly inspired by More’s works．他的绘画显然是受到了莫尔作品的启发。【常用搭配】inspire sb. with sth．用……鼓励某人
inspire sth. in sb.使产生(感觉或情感)
inspire sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
behave
【原句回放】Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.
【点拨】behave vi. & vt.行为；举止；举止适当或有礼，(指事物)有某种作用
He behaved badly to the customers．他对顾客的态度不好。
You should learn to behave．你应该学会举止得体。
My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired．
我的摄像机自从修好后一直正常工作。
【思维拓展】behave + adv. to sb.对某人表现……
behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体
behaviour n.[U]举止，行为，习性
be on one’s good/best behaviour举止规矩；行为检点
put sb. on his best behaviour规劝或警告某人要规规矩矩的
determine
【原句回放】Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。
【点拨】determine vt.决定；(使)下决心；限定。确定，测定
表示“决定做某事”时，可有如下表达方式：
determine to do sth.
be determine to do sth．
decide to do do sth.
make up one’s mind to do sth．
He is determined to study harder than before．
他下决心要比以前更加努力学习。
devote
【原句回放】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 她为中国儿童的医疗事业贡献了一生。
【点拨】devote vt.献身，致力于。表示把自己、时间、精力奉献给某种工作、事业等。常与介词to搭配
We shouldn’t devote any mole time to this question．
我们不该再多花时间在这个问题上了。
He has devoted all his life to helping blind people．
他一生致力于帮助盲人。
【拓展】
devote one’s abilities to把自己的才干用在……上
devote one’s attention to专注于……
devote oneself to献身于……
devote one’s knowledge to把自己的知识用于……
be devoted to专心于……，热心于……，忠于……
The Welsh are the only people in the world whose only national festival is devoted to music and poetry．威尔士人是世界上把自己唯一的民族节日用于音乐和诗歌表演的唯一民族。【思维拓展】devote...to...中的to是介词。类似的还有：look forward to期待；pay attention to注意；get down to开始做某事；be/get used to习惯于；prefer...to...喜欢……胜过……；
lead to导致，通向；stick to坚持；object to反对
intend
【原句回放】… it was intended for women in the countryside.
……那是为生活在农村的妇女写的。
【点拨】intend vt.意指，愿意；计划，打算。意欲
It is intended that production will start at the end of the month．计划月底将开始生产。
I intended that my son should inherit my business．
我有意让儿子继承我的生意。
【搭配拓展】
intend to do / doing sth．打算做某事
intend that-clause打算……
intend sb. to do sth．打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth．
＝had planned / meant / wanted to do sth．
本打算做某事(表示未曾实现的意图)
be intended for sb.打算给某人
be intended as...打算作为……
be intended to do sth．打算做某事
argue
【原句回放】She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild…
她主张应该让野生动物（黑猩猩）留在野外生活……
【点拨】vt. & vi. 讨论; 辩论; 争论
argue (vi.) +with sb. about/over sth.
同某人辩论某事
They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.
他们正在和同学争论这个问题的解决方法。
argue (vt.) +that(从句)
argued that we should be paid more.
我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。
argue for/against 为反对……而辩论
The workers argued for the right to strike.
工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。
argue about就……进行辩论
They argued about the best method．
他们就什么是最好的方法展开争论。
It is useless trying to argue with him about it．
同他就这件事争辩是没有用的。
The lawyer argued for the poor man．
律师为那个可怜的人辩护。
discuss “讨论”，为及物动词，后直接跟宾语，指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而交换意见
The women are discussing where to go．那些女人们正在讨论要去哪儿。
【拓展】argue with sb. about / over / on sth.因某事与某人争论
argue for / against sth.赞成/反对某事
argue that...主张……；认为……
argue sb. into / out of doing sth．
＝persuade sb. into / out of doing sth.
＝persuade sb. to do / not to do sth.劝说某人做/不做某事
argue sb. to be/that...表明某人是……
重点短语
lead a ... life(＝live a ... life)
【原句回放】She is leading a busy life…她过着一种忙碌的生活。
【点拨】lead a ... life(＝live a ... life)过着……的生活
lead/live a quiet life过平静的生活
lead/live a dog’s life过着困苦的生活
以上这种结构为动词live接其同源名词life构成的词组，类似常用词组还有：
smile a ... smile笑得……
dream a ... dream 做……的梦
sing a ... song唱一首……的歌
die a ... death……地死去
care for
【原句回放】…how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
……如何在“妇女”怀孕和护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率
【点拨】care for作及物动词短语时。有“喜欢，想要，照料”等含义
I don’t really care for basketball．我不喜欢篮球。
Would you care for a cup of coffee?你要不要来杯咖啡?
He’s good at caring for sick animals．
他很善于照料生病的动物。
【辨析】care for与care about
(1)两者都可表示“对……担心；关心；喜欢；对……中意”，且此时可通用。
(2)care about最主要的意思是“在乎，在意”，常用于否定句。
(3)care for还表示“照料；尊重；愿意”。
由care构成的短语还有：
take care小心，注意
take care to do / not to do / that...注意做/不做/……事
take care of照料，注意，负责，处理
take... into care代为照顾(小孩等)
for all I care我不在乎
by chance
【原句回放】By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin qiaozhi…
碰巧我看到了一篇描写林巧稚的文章……
【点拨】by chance(=by accident)偶然，无意
I met him by chance on the street．
在街上我碰巧遇上了他。
【拓展】oil purpose有目的地，故意地
The boy broke the window on purpose．
那个男孩故意把窗户打破了。
【思维拓展】
(1)have chance of doing sth./ to do sth．有机会做某事
give sb. a chance给某人一个机会
It chances that…碰巧……
(2)由by构成的介词短语可表示手段、方式、时间、原因、程度等，在句中作状语。
by accident偶然；意外地
by force用暴力
by hand用手工
by nature天生的
by day在白天
by half一坐
by mistake由于差错
by now至今
come across
【原句回放】By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin qiaozhi…
碰巧我看到了一篇描写林巧稚的文章……
【点拨】come across偶然遇见，偶然发现
I came across his name on the list．
我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。
come across意为“走过来；从……过来”，其中across分别为副词和介词。
He came across to speak to me．他走过来和我讲话。
He came across the street to speak to me．他过街来和我讲话。
【词组拓展】
run into(偶然)遇见；碰上
meet with不期而遇
come about产生；发生
come out出现；出版
come up长出；走上前来；被提出
come up with提出
come up to达到；总计
carry on
【原句回放】Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她高尚的事业呢？
【点拨】carry on继续下去(后接with + n.或doing)
He carried on with his work while his manager was away．
经理不在时他继续做工作。
We’ll carry on with our conversation tomorrow．
我们明天继续会谈。
【词组拓展】
carry on继续，继续下去(接with + n.或doing)；争吵；吵闹
carry ... about 随身携带……
carry all / everything before one势如破竹，所向无敌
carry away拿走，冲走，掠走；吸引住(某人)
carry back 将……送回原地；使某人回忆起……
carry forward使(事业等)取得进展
carry off运走，带走；获得，夺得
carry out搬出，实施，执行，履行
carry over将……延期；接替，继承；使继续下去
carry through达到；贯彻；使渡过难关
重点句型
现在分词短语作伴随状语
【原句回放】Examine the following six women using the rules about what makes a great person．用关于怎样才算得上是一个伟大的人的标准衡量下列六位女性。
【点拨】句中的using the rules about ...为现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语。现在分词using与主语you有逻辑上的主谓关系。
He sat at the desk reading a newspaper．
他坐在桌子旁看报纸。
Please fill in this form，giving your age，name，address and so on．
请把这张表填一下，写下你的年龄、姓名、住址等。
He went to Shenzhen hoping to find a better job there．
他去了深圳，希望在那儿找到一份更好的工作。
Tom came running．汤姆是跑着来的。
spend time/energy/money(in) doing sth./on sth
【原句回放】She spent years obser ving and recording their daily activities．她用了许多年的时间观察并记录了它们每天的活动。
【点拨】句中含有句型：spend time/energy/money(in) doing sth./on sth.，意为“在……方面花费某人……”。
She spent too much money on clothes．
她在衣着上花费了太多的钱。
I have spent all my energy cleaning the house．
我用尽了力气打扫房子。
表示“花费”的常用句型还有：
(1)it takes / took sb. some time to do sth．某人做某事花费多少时间
It took me a whole afternoon to do my homework．
我花了一下午的时间做家庭作业。
(2)sth. costs/cost(sb.) money某物花费某人多少钱
The meal cost us $ 30．这顿饭花了我们30美元。
(3)it costs sb. money to do sth.做某事花费某人多少钱
It costs them 1,000 yuan a month to run a car．
开车每个月要花费他们1000元。
(4)sb. pays/paid some money for sth.某人为某物花费多少钱
How much did you pay for your house? 你买房花了多少钱?
【注意】①spend的主语通常是人。
②take句型通常是it作形式主语，后面的不定式为真正的主语。其主语也可以是名词。
③cost的主语是物，不能是人。
④pay的主语是人。
as...as possible
【原句回放】She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them．她也努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们。
【点拨】句中的as...as possible短语也可以写成as...as she could，意为“她尽可能……”，第一个as可接adj./ adv./ many(few) + n.(pl.)/ much(little) + n.[U]。
Be as kind to her as possible．对她尽可能和蔼些。
Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can．
做家庭作业时要尽可能地细心。
【思维拓展】
表示“尽力做某事”的短语
try to do sth./ do one’s best to do sth．
do all/everything(that) one can to do sth．
do what one can to do sth.
make efforts / every effort to do sth．
spare no effort to do sth．
do everything in one’s power
“only+状语”+部分倒装结构
【原句回放】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project．她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙。这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
【点拨】该句为倒装语序。以“only+状语”开头的句子要用倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。
Only then did I realize that I was wrong．
直到那时我才明白我错了。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work．
一直到了1918年战争结束，他才能又愉快地投入工作。
【注意】only修饰其他成分时，不倒装。
Only Dr. Yang can save his life．只有杨医生能救他的命。
【拓展】only表示“只，才”时在句中常见的位置：
(1)置于主语之前。
Only I was late this morning．今天早上只有我迟到了。
(2)置于be动词、助动词及情态动词之后，实义动词之前。
I have only been to Beijing twice．我只去过北京两次。
He is only a boy of six years old．他只是一个6岁的孩子。
(3)置于所修饰的词、短语或从句前。
I found my key lost only after I got home．
到了家以后我才发现钥匙丢了。
It was...that...
【原句回放】Reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school．进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。
【点拨】本句中It was...that...是强调句，在本句中强调的是宾语从句中的主语hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature．
巩固练习：
根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
1．Over the years many great a____________ have been made in the different fields of science. 2．The astronauts soon got used to the c of weightlessness.
3．The plan of c had been made long before the war broke out.
4. His failure has no c with the quality of his work.
5. At that time , there were many m_________ teams organized by the local government.
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1．Song Chingling (devote) all her life to the Chinese revolution and construction. 2．My farther often _________(incourage) me to overcone the difficulties.
3．Jody Williams and her _________ (organize) were given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997. 4．The thief _______(catch) and put into prison last night.
5．The Chinese fought hard for 8 years and _______(drive) the Japanese aggressors out of China.
单项填空。
1. From the day you were born ,your parents have worked for your __________
A．welfare B．money C．career D．cost
2．Fully ____ to scientific research, he just has no time to take part in social activities.
A. being devoted
B. devoted
C. devoting
D. devotes
3．Although we have ____ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them will return.
A. acquired
B. finished
C. concluded
D. achieved
4．Here is my card. Let’s keep in _______.
A. touch
B. relation
C. connection
D. certain 5．Although the working mother is very busy, she still ____a lot of time to her children.
A. devotes
B. spends
C. offers
D. provides
6．Take off your overcoat and _______ your raincoat.
A．wear B．dress C．put on D．have on
7．On the bus, all the people except the driver ______ to talk and laugh during the journey.
A. encouraged
B. were encouraging
C. were encouraged
D. was encouraged
8．Mary’s father has agreed _________ her marrying John.
A .on B. to C. in D. at
9．______there is somet hing else to discuss, I’ll declare the meeting closed.
A.As
B. While
C. Since
D. Unless
10．－How often do you write to your father?
－.
A. Once a month
B. In a week
C. For a month
D. Last week 11．Many famous stars conducted a __________ to raise money for the poor.
A．activity B．campaign C．war D．event
12．Although the working mother is very busy, she still _____ a lot of time to her children.
A. devotes
B. spends
C. offers
D. provides
13．Lucy never ________ red clothes.
A．wearing B．dresses C．wears D．puts on
14．The diet has ________ the foreigner who has been in china for six years.
A．agreed B．agreed to C．agreed on D．agreed with
15．Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ____ some schools for poor children.
A．having set up B．setting up C．have set up D．set up
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Sheri Straily never knew how far life’s highway could take her 36her dream for her
Growing up，Sheri 37thought for a moment that she’d 38it to college. Instead，39years passed，Sheri fell in love，married and had three children. 40she wanted to be close to home，she 41to a desk job at
But one day after work，while Sheri was 42her kids playing，she began to think，“I
want them to achieve so much，but how can I afford to give them the 43they’ll need, like
Then it came to her：she was the one who needed 44
“45for it，”her husband encouraged her.So Sheri enrolled at the University of Denver’s Women’s College，46let her take all of her classes on weekends，so she 47
Though Sheri loved her 48
49make the two-hour trip to school.“I wish I were home with Steve and the 50，”she’d think. But Eric，eight，Ryan，seven，and Kristin，five，51their mom all the way.“52do your best，
Sheri did，getting straight A’s as she entered a 53in business administration. Now she
“It hasn’t been 54，”wrote Sheri，“but it’s 55for me and my family.”
1.A.after B. before C. until
2.A.never B. just C. ever
3.A.hit B. make C. admit
4.A.Since B. With C. While
5.A.Because B. For C. Therefore D.
6.A.asked B. returned C. switched
7.A.finding B. noticing C. seeing
8.A.opportunities B. money C. jobs
9.A.school B. college C. help
10.A.Go B. Search C. Get
11.A.that B. where C. which
12.A.could B. must C. should
13.A.teachers B. studies C. classmates
14.A.rather than B. other than C. as well as
15.A.kids B. relatives C. husband
16.A.opposed B. backed C. agreed
17.A.Rarely B. Just C. Still
18.A.degree B. work C. job
19.A.difficult B. unusual C. ordinary
20.A.rewarding B. interesting C. moving D.
答案解析
根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
1. achievements 2．condition 3．campaign 4．connection 5．medical
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1．devoted 2．encourage 3．Organization 4．was caught 5．Drove
单项填空。
1．A welfare意为“（个体或群体的）幸福；安宁；福利”；money意为“钱”；career意为“事业”；cost意为“价钱；价值”，根据句意选A。
2．B点拨:此题考查分词作状语。分词与主语之间为被动关系,故选择过去分词形式来状语原因状语。
3．D 近义词辨析。D通过努力取得的成就或获得的能力。其他选项不合适。
4．A 考察固定短语keep in touch with 和……保持联系。
5．A 点拨: 短语devote …to…为固定搭配,意为“奉献‘生命、时间、精力’等”。
6．C点拨:强调穿衣的动作,所故选C。参照本节“巧辨异词”。
7．C点拨:此题考查主谓一致和语态的问题。此题谓语要和except前的主语一致，且为被动时态。
8．B 点拨：agree to后接名词，表示“同意；允许”，故选B。
9．D点拨:本题考查连词在语境中的应用。as可表原因，意为“由于”，也可表时间，意为“在……的同时”;while可表时间，意为“正当……的期间”,也可表转折,意为“尽管”;since可表时间，意为“自从……以来”,也可表原因，意为“既然,由于”;unless表条件,意为“除非,如果不”。分析语境和语意，根据逻辑可排除A、B、C三个选项。
10．A点拨: how often就在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数来提问，A项符合题意。11．B点拨: 考察近义词辨析campaign在这里指大型的公益活动。
12．A点拨: 短语devote ……to……为固定搭配,意为“奉献‘生命、时间、精力’等”。13．B点拨:wear后接表示服装的名词，意为“穿；戴；佩戴”，指某种状态。参照本节“巧辨异词”。
14．D点拨:agree with sb. 意为“适合某人”，依据句意应选D。
15．B点拨:devote to (doing) sth.为固定短语,to为介词,后面接名词或动名词,排除C、D; set up 意为“创立；建立”，排除A，故选B。
II．
1. C点拨：句意为“Sheri Straily从不知道生活的高速公路能把她带到多远，直到她对孩子的梦想帮助她发现（生活的高速公路能把她带到多远）”，所以选until。
2.A点拨：通过上文的never knew的提示，选出never thought，“长这么大，她从未想过能上大学”。
3.B点拨：make it相当于manage to do sth.或succeed in doing sth.,意为“成功、做到”。
4.D点拨：“随着一年年的过去”，as（“随着”）后接从句。若选择with应改成with years passing。
5.A点拨：“因为她想离家近一些，所以她换了到卡车公司坐办公室的工作。
6.C点拨：switch“转换”。
7.D点拨：watch“注视、观看”；see“看到”。
8.A点拨：“但是我怎么能给他们提供他们所需要的机会呢？”opportunity“机会”，与chance 相似。
9.B点拨：根据上文的提示like college,选出此题的答案是B。
10.A点拨：根据下文的encourage，选择go for“努力获取”。
11.C点拨：which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语，指代“Sheri enrolled at the University of Denver’s Women’s College”。）
12.A点拨：根据上文可知句意为“因此她仍然能工作”，所以选A。
13.B点拨：上文讲的是她上大学的事，所以这句的意思应为“尽管Sheri喜欢学习，但她还是想家”。
14.A点拨：根据上文的“she missed home”,选rather than“而不是”。全句意为“周末，Sheri将待在家中，而不是花两小时的路程去学校”。other than“除……之外”；as well as“与……一样好”“和”“除……之外”；less than“少于”。
15.A点拨：通过下文的“Eric，eight，Ryan，seven，and Kristin，five”推测出此空应填kids“孩子”,相当于children。
16.B点拨：oppose“反对”;back“支持”；同意”，应说agree with sb.。
17.B点拨：just用在祈使句中意为“就请，尽管……好了”。本句的意思是“就请尽力吧！”。
18.A点拨：“Sheri尽力了，在参加商业管理的学位考试时顺利地得到了A。” degree “学位”。
19.D点拨：通过下文的but知道前后意义发生转折，因此选择easy。
20.A点拨：rewarding“值得的”。
主谓一致
Subject—Verb Agreement
概念引入：
I am a teacher
She often does her homework in the morning.
There is only one box on the table.
There are 50 students in our class.
语法讲解：
【直接引语和间接引语P1】
什么是主谓一致？
1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一般来说，不可数名词与可数名词单数用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。
比如:
He are a teacher.
I is a student.
分类讲解
一、语法一致原则
1、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数
A student is studying English.
Serving the people is my great happiness.
When we deliver the goods hasn't been decided.
When and where we will go hasn't been decided.
但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be +名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。
What you did is right.
What you need are these dictionaries.
2、复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式
All the students _____clever. （are）
They _____English very much. (like)
3、用and或both…and 连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
① Both my father and my mother ____farmers. （are）
②What I think and what I do ___been fairly in disagreement. （have）
注意:(1)当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，every, no或者many a 等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Each student and each teacher __been given a task. （has）
Every flower and every bush ___to be cut down. （is）
(2)当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。
The worker and writer ____(be) from Wuhan. （is）
The worker and the writer _____(be) from Beijing. （are）
4、不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;
Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. （has）
Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. （breaks）
5、each of…/either of…./one of…谓语动词用单数.none of…/neither of…可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数
1) Each of the students ___a book.（has）
2) None of us _____perfect. （are，is）
3) Neither of them _______the answer.（know/knows）
4) None of this ______me. （worries）None of this money ____mine. （is）*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。Neither statement _______true. （was）6、“many a +单数名词
more than one+单数名词
one and a half +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数
1.) many a foreigner___ been to the Great Wall. （has）
2.)More than one student___ turned up at the meeting. （was）
3.) One and a half bananas ___eaten by the boy. （was）
7. Some /a lot of /half of…./the rest of…../part of…/plenty of…/分数（%）+of…the majority o f + 名词”等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。
① Two-thirds of the students ____from countryside. （come）
② Ninety percent of the work ___ been done. （has）
8. 定语从句中的主谓一致。
(1)与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which 时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I, who ___your teacher, will share happiness and sorrow with you.(am)
(2) which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数
As ___known, I am beautiful. （is）
(3) one of +复数名词+ 定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式; the only/exact one of+复数名词+ 定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。
Tom is one of the students who__ good at playing football. （are）
Tom is the only one of the students who___ good at playing football. （is）
二、意义一致原则：
9. 集体名词family, audience, crew, club, class, company, committee, party, crowd group, army,
government, the public等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The group ____ made up of nine students. （is）
The group____ dancing happily. （are）
注意1：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people 民族（可数名词，peoples)
The Chinese people __a brave people （is）
Chinese people___ making our country richer and richer. （are）
2. Population
The population of China ______over 1.3 billion and 80% of the population______ farmers （is, are）
10.表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式
Two years ______ passed since I left Ningbo（has）
One million dollars ______ a great sum of money. （is）
11.有些名词如：fish, deer, sheep, means, works, species, 等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。
①This glass works ____built in 1978. （is）
②Two steel works___ east of the city. （are）
③Every means____ been tried. （has）
④Many species ____ died out. （have）
12.学科名词，或以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics. statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。Physics __a fundamental subject in science. （is）
13.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, socks, slippers, scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有a/the pair of, a/the suit of等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair, suit等一致，用单数
1) My trousers _____very nice. （are）
2)A pair of shoes_______under the bed. （is）
14.主语是疑问代词who, what, which,不定代词all, more, most, any, none等以及名词half, part, the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
1.)Which __more valuable, health or wealth? （is）
2.)Which__ prettier, these or those? （are）
3.) we had some paper, but the rest __put back. （was）
15.the＋adj.作主语,the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等,the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good 等
The old ____ taken good care of in our society. （are）
The rich ____ for the decision but the poor _against it. （was）
The wounded ____ a young boy. （was）
The beautiful ____not always the same as the good. （is）
16. a/this/that + kind of +名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是kinds （types) of+名词或复数名词of+ a ( this, that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。
即…kind(s) of +n….,谓语与kind一致n+ of this kind… 谓语与名词一致
① The kind of apples ____ well.(sell) (sells)
② Men of this kind ____ dangerous . （are）
注意: 由kind, form, type, species, series 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复
数，而不是他们后面所跟的名词
1.This new type of machine__ now on show. （is）
2.Some new forms of art ____discussed at the meeting. （were）
17.主语是a large/small quantity of +名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数；如果是“large (great) quantifies of +名词（可数或不可数）”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity单复数而定
①There _a large quantity of milk/apples on the farm （is）
② Large quantities of water /coal/bricks ___needed here （are）
18. a number of （a group of , a variety of)+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；The number of(the variety of….) +名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。
①A number of workers ____out of work. （are）
②The number of the students in our school ____eight thousand. （is）
19. 两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
① Sixty minus seventeen ____forty-three. (leaves)
② Six and eight ___________fourteen. (makes/make)
20. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
“The Arabian Nights”__ an interesting story-book. （is）
The United states _____on the south of Canada. （is）
21.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定
Your shoes are white; Mine ____ black. (are)
His coat ____yellow; Hers____ red. （is）（is）
三. 就近一致原则
谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。
22.由or, nor, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。
1.You or she __good at English. （is）
2.___either you or he wrong? (Are)
23. 以here, there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。
① Here __some bread. （is）
②There __a pen and three pencils on the desk. （is）
24.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
Such ___the result （is）
Such __the facts (are)
On the wall ___many pictures (are)
四．随前原则
25.当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with ,like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。
1. The teacher with two students ______ at the meeting . (was / were)
2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
巩固练习：
用适当的动词形式完成句子：
1)They, together with Tom , _______ going to swim this afternoon .(be)
2) No one but your parents _____ there then .(be)
3) He, like you and your brother, ________ very clever. (be)
4) The teacher, including his students, _______going to see Professor Tell. (be)
5) Mary, together with his sisters ________ gone back.(have)
6)He and I ___ both students of this school. (be)
7)Both parties ____ their own advantages. (have)
8)Her job_____ something to do with computers. (have)
9)They _______ not come yet. (have)
10)There ____ a desk in the room. (be)
11)There ____ no chairs in it. (be)
单句改错:
1.Physics are a very interesting subject.
2.His family was all music lovers.
3.The pair of shoes are worn out.
4.Half of the students has finished their composition.
5.The number of students in you are 50.
6.The cattle is eating grass on the hill.
7.A knife and fork are used to have meals.
单项选择：
1.Lots of medicine as well as equipment such as tents _______ offered to the area since the earthquake occurred.
A．has been B．have been C．is being D．are being
2. East of our city ______ a world-famous pagoda dating from Tang Dynasty.
A．stands B．stand C．stood D．standing
3. He is the only one of the students who
A．is B．are C．have been D．
4. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for the other purpose.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
5. There was a fire last night and more than one house _____ burnt down in the fire.
A．has been B．was C．have been D．were
6.______ of money spent on the bridge.
A．A large amount ; were B．Large amounts; were
C．Large amount; was D．A plenty; was
7. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?
—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A．go B．went C．has gone D．have gone
8. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.
A．is B．are C．has been D．have been