高中英语阅读理解练习题(有答案)百度文库

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Have you ever imagined what it would be like to see the world through an animal's eyes? For example, what a chimpanzee sees as it sits at the top of a tree, or a penguin's view as it dives into the sea to catch its dinner?

These questions are answered in the nature documentary Animals with Cameras, produced by the BBC. The three-part series was first aired in the UK last month. To explore animal stories "told" by the animals themselves, the documentary's filmmakers worked with scientists to develop cameras that wild animals could wear.

"Never before have we seen such high-quality footage (连续镜头)directly from the animal's point of view, " BBC Nature executive producer Fred Kaufman told PBS." This miniseries greatly expands our comprehension of animal behavior and this camera technology opens up new possibilities for discovering so much more."

Indeed, the groundbreaking technology provides a new viewpoint of the animal kingdom. New cameras with enough battery life to shoot for hours at a time were designed to be comfortable enough for animals to wear, according to the documentary's camera designer Chris Watts.

The technical challenges didn't stop there. Some animals were very curious about the equipment, with some even fighting each other for the chance to wear a camera. In the case of chimpanzees, "we had to create dummy (仿造的)cameras, so that every chimpanzee could get one", the miniseries' wildlife cameraman Gordon Buchanan told Live Science.

For animals that were comfortable enough to be with human beings, the cameras could be fitted and removed by hand. But for others, the cameras came off automatically using a timed release and were collected afterward. This meant that the cameras needed to be as tough as possible.

To avoid disturbing the animals, scientists who were good at dealing with wildlife came to help by putting the cameras on the animals." The last thing we want to do is cause them distress." the documentary's producer Dan Rees told the BBC. "To follow an animal in the first place, there had to be a clear benefit in terms of knowledge about it that might be useful to protecting a species in the future.

Their efforts certainly paid off. " Footage that captures (捕捉)these rare and exciting glimpses of animals bidden habits is important to scientists, but documentaries like Animals with Cameras also resonate with (引起共鸣)audiences, connecting them with the beauty - and danger - of wildlife in their natural environments," Live Science noted.

（1）According to the text, Animals with Cameras .

A.is a documentary made by wildlife experts

B.presents high-quality footage of animals for the first time

C.shows wildlife from the unique viewpoint of animals

D.mainly records the life of chimpanzees and penguins

（2）The case of chimpanzees is used to .

A.reflect the weakness of the camera technology

B.present how filmmakers put cameras on chimpanzees

C.explain why chimpanzees were attracted by the equipment

D.show how filmmakers dealt with the challenges in shooting

（3）To avoid disturbing the animals, filmmakers .

A.set up a protected area for them to live in

B.invited scientists to help equip them with cameras

C.made the cameras look like animals in disguise

D.fitted and removed the cameras by hand

（4）The author's attitude toward the documentary can be described as .

A.changing

B.supportive

C.cautious

D.pessimistic

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员使用最新的相机技术，让人们从动物的视角看世界。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"To explore animal stories ‘told’ by the animals themselves, the documentary's filmmakers worked with scientists to develop cameras that wild animals could wear."可知研究人员让动物带上相机来拍摄野生动物的世界。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"The technical challenges didn't stop there. Some animals were very curious about the equipment, with some even fighting each other for the chance to wear a camera."可知很多动物对这种相机非常好奇，甚至会为佩戴相机而打斗。这就需要人们把这些相机制造得更加牢固，以便更好地拍摄。第五段最后所列举的猩猩的例子正是为了证明这一点。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"To avoid disturbing the animals, scientists who were good at dealing with wildlife came to help by putting the cameras on the animals."可知为了避免妨碍动物，研究人员邀请科学家帮助他们给动物带上相机。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Footage that captures（捕捉）these rare and exciting glimpses of animals bidden habits is important to scientists, but documentaries like Animals with Cameras also resonate with （引起共鸣）audiences, connecting them with the beauty - and danger - of wildlife in their natural environments"可知作者认为这种相机拍摄的连续镜头对于科学研究十分重要，这种纪录片能够引起观众的共鸣，让人们欣赏到美景，也让他们意识到自然环境下野生动物面临的危险。这些说明作者对这一纪录片持支持态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Water is a necessity of life. Rain, especially, helps plants grow and stay green. But too much rain, especially in cities, can lead to flooding. That can cause waste water systems to overflow and send pollutants into rivers and other waterways. To fight the problem, several cities in the United States are starting programs like rooftop gardens.

A team at the University of the District of Columbia in the nation's capital has created a garden on the top of one school building. The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time. Architect David Bell has designed five "green roofs" for the university. He says he is excited about the project because "it meant doing something more than just dealing with storm water management. It took advantage of a resource above the city and these flat roofs that aren't doing anything really became something that was about urban agriculture." Rainwater is collected in large containers and sent through a system that waters the rooftop garden. The roof is filled with green life that appeals to insects.

In cities, "you don't have that many spaces to choose from and so rooftops are just (unused) space," says Caitlin Arlotta. She is a student in the school's Urban Agriculture program. The project is part of a research program to see which plants do well on rooftops. The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. "We also have our own farm experiments," Arlotta said. "Within each of those growing systems, we want to be able to tell people which sorts of these crops grow the best."

Sandy Farber Bandier helps run UDC's Master Gardener program. It seeks to improve cities and make them beautiful by training people to become Master Gardeners. She says she's been surprised by the garden's output. "My biggest surprise was that we produced 4, 250 pounds of produce the first year and was able to spread that to people in need." She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. "This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle."

（1）What do we know about the rooftop gardens?

A. Rooftop gardens are very common in average neighborhoods.

B. There are many sorts of plants there which help take in rainwater.

C. They're playing an important role in the city's food supply.

D. Rooftop gardens are no more than containers to collect rainwater.

（2）What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A. Rooftops can offer enough space to plant crops.

B. Many plants like strawberries can grow well on rooftops.

C. Some university students are participating in the Urban Agriculture program.

D. The plants in rooftop gardens are attractive to many insects.

（3）How does Sandy Farber Bandier feel about the future of rooftop gardens?

A. Confident.

B. Doubtful.

C. Worried.

D. Ambiguous.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Rainwater Necessity for Plant Life

B. Green Roofs-The Future of Urban Agriculture

C. The United States' Agriculture Program

D. Rooftop Gardens-Food Paradise

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。美国由于雨水过多，为了避免浪费，美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，成为了城市农业的一部分。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time."可知，花园里有多种植物，可以帮助吸收雨水，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ She is a student in t he school's Urban Agriculture program... The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. ‘We also have our own farm experiments’。”可知，凯特琳·阿洛塔是该校都市农业计划的学生。"研究人员正在研究包括草莓、西红柿和甘薯在内的植物。这所大学还有其他绿地。"，"我们也有自己的农场实验"，由此可推断出有许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. ‘This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle. ’" Sandy Farber Bandier 喜欢向住在华盛顿特区和首都以外地区的人们展示在屋顶上可以种植什么以及如何种植食物。她认为"这是食品的未来。你在这里种植，在商业厨房里准备，通过农贸市场分发。食品卡车，然后回收利用。" 由此可推断出她对于屋顶花园的未来很自信。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段说美国由于雨水过多，为了避免浪费，美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。接着下文进行了详细介绍了在大学校舍的顶部建造花园，种植多种植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一种资源，成为了城市农业的一部分，有人认为这是未来的食物。由此可知，本文主要叙述了绿色屋顶城市农业的未来。综观全文可知，文中green roofs（绿色屋顶）贯穿全文，第一段最后一句green roofs（绿色屋顶）是建在城市的农业（Urban Agriculture），故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face

masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.

Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.

The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.

Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?

A. To test the flying height and speed of them.

B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.

C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.

D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.

（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?

A. It was carried out at very high altitude.

B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.

C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.

D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.

（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?

A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.

B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.

C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.

D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.

（4）Where does the text most probably come from?

A. A science fiction.

B. A climbing guide.

C. A travel brochure.

D. A science report.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚

不明确。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible." 报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及" Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。再根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less ..." 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest." 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

More than great drinks, great rewards

Enjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program!

Whenever you pay with your membership account, you'll earn a Star.

Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.

Three ways to join us

Buy a Starbucks Card handy to create an account

Track your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we'll send an email when you've earned a reward.

You can also join from your phone.

Download the Starbucks App.

One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for

purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.

Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store.

Enter your Starcode (limit: 2 per day)

Look for the Starcode symbol on specially marked Starbucks products where you buy groceries. Three levels with increasingly greater rewards

To reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember: to earn a Star, you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.)

Welcome level

To earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card.

Birthday drink or treat on us, birthday coupon (优惠券) for 15% off a purchase at https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,.

Green level

Collect 5 Stars within 12 months and you'll be in the Green level.

What is included in the Welcome level plus

Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea

Gold level

Collect 30 Stars within 12 months and you'll be at the Gold level.

What is included in the Green level plus

A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earned

Personalized Gold Card

（1）Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?

A. To update the Starbucks App.

B. To collect 5 stars within 12 month.

C. To send an email to https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,.

D. To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks products.

（2）With a Starbucks Card of Green level, you will get ________.

A. a free drink item

B. free in-store refills

C. personalized Gold Card

D. all purchases 15% off

（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.To earn a Star, you must pay by credit card.

B.You can enter your Starcode three times a day.

C.With the Starbucks App, you can view current offers.

D.For Welcome level, you can refill iced brewed coffee or tea.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是星巴克做的一个广告宣传。主要介绍了银星级会员、绿色会员和金星级会员等供人们选择，并鼓励人们成为会员。

（1）考查细节理解。文章第二个黑色小标题“Three ways to join us”三种方式加入我们，下列出了可以申请星巴克会员的三种方式，分别是：买张会员卡开个账户；通过手机上的APP申请加入；在便利店买带有星巴克标志的产品，找到星巴克密码标志。所以通过输入

在便利店买的带有星巴克标志的产品上的星巴克密码是一种成为星巴克会员的方式。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Green level部分中的“Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea”可以在店内免费续杯热的、冰的煮好的咖啡或茶，可知，成为星巴克绿色会员，就可以免费续杯。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据“One of the most exciting benefits of bein g a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.”可知，通过手机APP申请会员有以下几大好处：手机支付、查看你的星级与奖励、可以听iTunes本周最佳选择、查看订单进度。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

People who sleep fewer than six hours a night are more likely to die early, researchers in University of Warwick have found in a recent study. They discovered that people who slept for less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die before the age of 65 than those who slept the recommended six to eight hours a night.

The researchers pointed out that previous studies had shown that the lack of sleep was associated with problems like heart disease and high blood pressure. However, the researchers also found that sleeping too much was linked to an early death. Those who slept for more than nine hours a night were 30% more likely to die early, as an article in the latest Sleep suggested. That directly contradicts another passage in the same journal last month suggesting that people who slept for ten hours or longer a night were more likely to live to 100. This was thought to be because people who lived into extreme old age were healthier and therefore slept better.

However, the authors of the latest research contradicted this and suggested that long sleep was a sign of underlying illnesses such as depression and low levels of physical activity. Professor Francesco Cappuccio at the University of Warwick said: "While short sleep may represent a cause of ill-health, long sleep is believed to represent more an indicator of ill-health."

He also mentioned: "Modern society has seen a gradual reduction in the average amount of sleep people take, and this pattern is more common among full-time workers, suggesting that it may be due to social pressures for longer working hours. On the other hand, the worsening of our health is often accompanied by an extension of our sleeping time."

"Consistently sleeping six to eight hours per night may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of public health aimed at favourable changes of the working environments," Professor Francesco Cappuccio added.

（1）What did researchers in University of Warwick find?

A. People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night die before 65.

B. Sleeping for more than 9 hours a night does good to one's health.

C. Six to eight hours' sleep can be appropriate for people.

D. People at an old age are healthier because they sleep longer.

（2）What is Professor Francesco Cappuccio most likely to agree with?

A. Long sleep is what causes our health problems.

B. Modern people sleep less because they work longer.

C. Our health becomes worse because we sleep less.

D. How long we sleep depends on our education.

（3）What did the researcher think may help people have proper sleep?

A. Social pressure.

B. Longer working hours.

C. Extension of sleeping time.

D. Changes of working environments.

（4）What can be the best title for this passage?

A. How Long Should We Sleep

B. Longer Sleep Makes Better Health

C. Time to Sleep Early

D. The Importance of Sleep

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人死亡风险更大。每晚睡6至8小时最合适。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"They discovered that people who slept for less than six hours each night were 12% more likely to die before the age of 65 than those who slept the recommended six to eight hours a night."可知，研究者们发现，每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。由此可知，每晚睡足6至8小时是比较合适的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Modern society has seen a gradual reduction in the average amount of sleep people take, and this pattern is more common among full-time workers, suggesting that it may be due to social pressures for longer working hours"可知，Professor Francesco Cappuccio认为：现代社会中，人们的平均睡眠时间逐渐减少，这种模式在全职工作者中更为常见，这可能是由于长时间工作的社会压力造成的。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Consistently sleeping six to eight hours per night may be good for health. However, whether to achieve the goal depends on various factors such as the environment as well as measures of public health aimed at favourable changes of the working environments"可知，能否实现每晚睡足6至8小时这个目标取决于环境的改变以及针对工作环境变化的公共卫生措施等多种因素。由此可知，工作环境的改变是帮助人们获得适当睡眠的方法之一。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段点明研究结果：每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。下文针对这一研究结果，分析了导致这种结果的原因，解决方法等。故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此为中心展开。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A video of a three-year-old girl being kicked by her own mother during a photo shot went viral (疯狂传播) on Thursday, indicating China's under per forma nee in regulating the emerging child modeling industry.

The girl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused by her mother in several videos. The videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike. Many netizens and scholars call for local authorities to carry out further investigations into possible child abuse.

In response to the public outcry (强烈抗议), Niu Niu's mother issued an apology via Sina Wei bo on Thursday, condemning accusations of abuse. She noted that she was merely guiding her daughter for better shots and the girl is well looked after.

Despite her apology, many E-shops which used Niu Niu's images for brand promotion have canceled their cooperation with the mother, while over 110 well-known child garment shops on Taobao have signed up for a campaign to provide better protection for child models.

"It is necessary to adopt comprehensive laws and regulations to further protect the kids, preventing their parents and companies from exploiting (利用) them," Fang Zhiqing, a lawyer and child protection expert, said.

Niu Niu is not alone. In Zhili, a small town in Zhejiang province, thousands of children from across China are taken here by their parents to seize the chance of fame. With a population of 450,000. Zhili has over 13,000 manufacturers of child clothing. In 2017, the town earned over 7 billion yuan by selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models. "China's current advertisement law isn't workable when it comes to the industry of child modeling, as it lacks clear supervision measures and clear legal punishment." Fang added. "It is important to issue new laws which regulate child modeling."

（1）What caused the public outcry?

A. Videos showing how child models work.

B. Problems in Chinese advertising industry.

C. Several cases of child abuse in recent China.

D. A girl being physically abused by her mother.

（2）What happened after the public outcry?

A. Taobao canceled the account of Niu Niu.

B. The local police charged Niu Niu's mother.

C. Niu Niu's mother admitted abusing her daughter.

D. Shops stopped their cooperation with the mother.

（3）What provided chances for Chinese child models?

A. The appearance of online shopping.

B. The huge online sales of child clothing.

C. The fast development of manufacturing.

D. The change of parents' ideas about success.（4）Which opinion may Fang Zhiqing agree with?

A. China should regulate child modeling.

B. There are too many child models in China.

C. New economic laws should be issued in Chinch.

D. China s current advertisement law isn't workable.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了一个叫妞妞的儿童模特遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议以及人们对儿童模特行业的思考。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The girl, known as Niu Niu, was physically abused by her mother in several videos.The videos have annoyed Chinese media and Internet users alike.”可知，视频中，一个叫妞妞的女孩遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Despite her apology, many E-shops which used Niu Niu's images for brand promotion have cance led their cooperation with the mother,”可知，在公众的强烈抗议之后，很多网店停止了与妞妞母亲的合作，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In 2017, the town earned over 7 billion yuan by selling do thing for children online, thus providing opportunities for child models.”可知，2017年，这个浙江的小镇通过在网上销售童装赚了70多亿元，这为儿童模特提供了机会，可知，童装在网上的巨大销量为中国的儿童模特提供了机会，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It is important to issue new laws which regulate child modeling.”可推断，方志清会同意中国应颁布新的法律来规范儿童模特行业，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

It seems that electronic devices just keep getting smaller. Scientists in the United States have announced the creation of the first transistor with only two dimensions(二维).

A transistor is a small electronic device that transfers or carries electronic current. Scientists hope these new 2D transistors will be used for building high-resolution(高分辨率)displays that need very little energy.

Two groups of scientists created these 2D transistors. They report that the transistors are only a few atoms thick.

Usually transistors are made with the element silicon(硅). Computer processors, memory chips, TV screens and other electronic devices contain billions of silicon-based transistors. But these very small electrical parts have certain limitations.

Dimitris Ioannou is an electrical engineering professor at George Mason University. He says the traditional transistor has been improved as much as it can be. He adds that researchers have been looking for new materials with special features and they want transistors to be seen through and soft.

"If the layers are very thin, the transistor can become flexible, so it doesn't have to be rigid(坚硬的), like it would be in a silicon chip. So people can think of applications like wearable electronics, television screens and other things," said Ioannou.

These new transistors can also carry higher current. They also can move the current much

faster than traditional transistors. This is important for high-definition screens.

Dimitris Ioannou says the scientific success could prove very useful in the future. "Now, how good and how useful it will be, it's still in the stage of research, but it certainly is an advance," said Ioannou.

（1）Which of the following statements about the newly created transistor is TRUE?

A.They are expected to be used in high-resolution displays.

B.The transistors are made with the element silicon.

C.They are rigid, just like traditional transistors.

D.They have already been put into actual use.

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?

A.The traditional transistors have been changed into two-dimensional ones.

B.Many of the traditional transistors have been improved over the years.

C.The traditional transistor has been developed to its fullest.

D.The traditional transistor has been developed quite well.

（3）What is Dimitris Ioannou's attitude towards the creation of the new transistors?

A.Negative.

B.Neutral.

C.Indifferent.

D.Positive.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国科学家发明了新的二维晶体管，介绍了新型二维晶体管的相关信息及未来前景。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Scientists hope these new 2D transistors will be used for building high-resolution（高分辨率）displays that need very little energy.”可知，科学家们希望能用这些新的二维晶体管来制造高分辨率的显示器。故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。划线句句意为“他说传统的晶体管已经尽可能地改进了”可推知，传统的晶体管已经开发到了极致。故选C。

（3）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的Dimitris Ioannou所说的话可推知，他对于这种新型的晶体管持有积极乐观的态度。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and

that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.

Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.

The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.

If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.

Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.

Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.

Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.

As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.

（1）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A.To introduce a new relationship between health and eating red meat.

B.To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly.

C.To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat.

D.To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence.

（2）What is the author's attitude towards the new research?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Objective.

（3）Guyatt's avoiding red meats has the weakest connection with_______.

A.health risks

B.diet habits

C.animal welfare

D.environmental protection

（4）What can we learn from the recent research?

A.Red meats don't have significant health risks.

B.Reducing meat consumption will be worth it.

C.The report authors have reached a consensus.

D.Consuming red meat will do good to health.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据“according to researchers who reviewed data”，“ the researchers argue that”，“ Those conclusions go against established medical advice”，“ The team's reviews of past studies”“ the latest example”，“ Based on their analyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But he said he still avoids them ou t of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all

this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.

Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力的)thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.

So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.

Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.

At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.

（1）What is David Strayer's opinion?

A. Americans dislike outdoor activities.

B. Electronic equipment should be quitted.

C. New technologies are a double-edged sword.

D. Electronic equipment brings great convenience.

（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?

A. To try another lifestyle.

B. To refresh our brain.

C. To make better decisions.

D. To play with our family and friends.

（3）What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?

A. Reborn

B. Memorable

C. Remarkable

D. Tiring

（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?

A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain.

B. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.

C. Tips on Using New Technologies.

D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature , Strayer claims , helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据前文Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好准备，故可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Young Adult Groups

●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members

If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place! It all started as a challenge on TNBBC in 2009, and now we have our own group! Challenge participation is not a requirement of joining. Anyone who loves reading books is welcome.

Website: http: //https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,

Rules: Respect each other's opinions and have fun!

●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members

This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies(免费物)! Follow us for the newestbargain, discounted, and free e-books, as well as new releases and book recommendations. Website: https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,

Rules: Please share your items in the appropriate folders!

●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members

A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）. Aplace to share what we're reading, introduce books we have written, and discuss and recommend books. Please recommend us to your friends.

Website: https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,

Rules: Enjoy reading! Respect all group members and their opinions.

●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members

This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace. It does not matter how much or how little you read. It's just a friendly place to discuss what you're reading and to get ideas for your next read. You can participate as much or as little as you like.

Website: https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,

Rules: Be respectful to all. Everyone has a right to share opinions.

（1）Which of the four groups is the most popular?

A. Book Loving Kiwis.

B. A Book and a Cappucino.

C. Around the World in 80 Books.

D. Readers That Love Giveaways.

（2）Which website should you visit if you want free reading materials?

A. https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,.

B. https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,.

C. https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,.

D. https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,.

（3）Who is the text mainly intended for?

A. New authors.

B. Young adults.

C. Book dealers.

D. Book lovers.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个小组，它们都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组。

（1）考查细节理解。根据四个小组名称后面紧跟着的成员人数“●Around the World in 80 Books —9,186 members”；“●Readers That Love Giveaways —734 members”；“●Book Loving Kiwis —706 members”；“●A Book and a Cappucino —77 members”可知，Around the World 80 Books这一小组的成员人数最多。由此可推知，它是四个小组中最受欢迎的一个。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据●Readers That Love Giveaways部分中的“This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies!”可知，这个群组是为喜欢领取赠品和寻找免费赠品的读者而设的!其网址是http: //https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc139591.html,。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members部分中的”If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place!“；●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members部分中的”This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies（免费物）!“；●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members部分中的”A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）；和●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members部分中的“This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace.”可知，这四个小组都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组，因此本文的目标读者是喜欢读书的人。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．（2019?浙江）阅读理解

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead

author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.

Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.

B. The increasing variety of California big trees.

C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.

D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.

（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?

A. Ecological studies of forests.

B. Banning woodcutting.

C. Limiting housing development.

D. Fire control measures.

（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?

A. Inadequate snowmelt.

B. A longer dry season.

C. A warmer climate.

D. Dampness of the air.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?

B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.

C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?

D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。

（1）段落大意题。第二段第一句 The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句，意思是：在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。

（2）细节理解题。题干中的 well-intentioned 意为“好意的”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少

的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。

（3）细节理解题。将water shortage 定位在第五段，而Mclntyre 在最后一段，根据 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。

（4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。

【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。

12．阅读理解

An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully cast a net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage. The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.

Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit the result of 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.

Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.

The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.'s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France's ArianeGroup.

Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.

The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.

Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the success of this week's experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against "over- publicizing" it.

There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.

Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said "The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks." Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.

（1）What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite?

A. Demonstrating space technology.

B. Imitating a developing technique.

C. Collecting wastes existing in space.

D. Symbolizing great progress in space.

（2）How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work?

A. By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit.

B. By fastening it to the main satellite tightly.

C. By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long.

D. By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.

（3）What does the underlined word "sponsor" in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Accomplish. B. Support. C. Oppose. D. Provide.

（4）What's the best title for the text?

A. The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is Perfect

B. How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the Lab

C. Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is Invented

D. Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“卫星首次收集太空垃圾。”一种名为“清除碎片”的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中“...,imitating a technique that co uld one day collect spaceborne garbage.”模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。可知，the RemoveDEBRIS 卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“...,said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.“该公司表示，一种操作性版本的RemoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。”可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的”Agli etti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.“Aglietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃