职称英语理工类阅读理解模拟试题
09年职称英语理工类阅读理解模拟试题
Smart Window
Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a w indow to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.
“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “It’s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’re stuck indoors.
Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.转自学易网https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.”All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,” Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
词汇：
flip n. & v. 用手指轻弹，轻击tungsten oxide 氧化钨
air conditioner 空调（器）jolt n. & v. 震摇，颠簸，晃动
refreshing adj. 使人清爽的electrochromic adj. 电致变色的
glaze v. 装玻璃，上釉voltage n. 电压
chromogenic adj. 发色的air conditioning 空调，空调系统转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
注释：
1. cutting edge ：本意为：(刀片的)刃口, 刀刃；比喻意为：最先进的，科技含量最高的。
2. anywhere in between with a flip of a switch：就在开或关的一霎那。
3. Uppsala University in Sweden：瑞典的乌普萨拉大学。乌普萨拉是瑞典东部一座城市，位于斯德哥尔摩的西北方向。转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
练习：
1.Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?
A) Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.
B) Windows help to save energy by letting light in.
C) Windows help to save energy by providing heat.
D) Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
2. When are windows the weak link in a building?
A) In the cold winter.
B) In the hot summer.
C) When air conditioners are turned on.
D) Both A and B.
3. What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4?转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
A) Windows that are coated.
B) Windows that are glazed.
C) Windows the color of which can be changed.
D) Windows that have many layers.
4. To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?
A) Electricity.
B) Tungsten oxide.
C) A battery.
D) A voltage.
5. What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
A) The buildings will look different.
B) Windows can be as large as you want.
C) We may not need air conditioners any more.
D) They are less expensive than traditional windows.
1．A．三个被选项均提到了节约能量，因此首先关注前两个段落中涉及到节约能量的句子，利用被选项中的细节信息结构（A：from clear to dark, B: light; C: heat; D: the outside world）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
第一段中的答案相关句说：窗户因为让阳光进入房间，并且为房间提供热源，所以节约了能源。第二段中的答案相关句说：窗户使人们能接触外部世界。所以B、C和D都说明了窗户的重要性。所以A是错误的说法。
2．D．细节题。利用被选项中的细节信息词（A：cold winter; B: hot summer; C: air conditioners）作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句：
3．C．细节题。利用被选项中的核心词及细节信息词（A: coat; B: glaze; C: change; D: many layers）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
第四段告诉我们，多年来，科学家已研究出多种通过窗户节能的办法，而smart windows使用的技术使窗户能变换颜色。所以C是正确选择。
4．B．细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息结构（electrochromic windows， window glass）及被选项中的细节信息结构（黑体结构）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
第五段第二句提供了答案。a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide中的 coated是“涂上一层薄薄的．．．”的意思。
5．C．被选项中出现了大量的修饰词，利用这些词（A：different; B: large; D: expensive, traditional）及选项C中的细节信息词（air conditioner）共同作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句：
段落最后一段的倒数第2句是直接答案相关句，根据该句内容判断C是答案
Electric Backpack
Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don’t mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP31 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.
Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia2 and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole3, Mass. 4, have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)5 receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work.. The backpack’s electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer’s load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science6.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
The backpack’s electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearer’s back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts.
Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the pack’s oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren’t on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street! 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
词汇：
backpack n.背包watt n. 瓦（特）
receiver n. 接收机gait n. 步态，步法
night-vision goggle 夜视镜oscillation n. 摆动
spring n. 弹簧commercialize v. 商业化
vertical adj. 垂直的mountaineer n. 登山运动员
rotary adj. 旋转的
注释：转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
1.MP3 ：Internet上最流行的音乐格式，最早起源于1987年德国一家公司的EU147数字传输计划，它利用MPEGAudioLayer3的技术，将声音文件用1∶12左右的压缩率压缩，变成容量较小的音乐文件，使传输和储存更为便捷，更利于互联网用户在网上试听或下载到个人计算机。转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
2.Philadelphia：费城[美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市]
3.Woods Hole：美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，也是许多重要研究机构所在地，如： the Marine Biological Laboratory, the Sea Education Association 以及 the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
4.Mass.：Massachusetts 的缩写：马萨诸塞州，美国东北部的一个州。
5.global positioning system (GPS)：全球定位系统转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
6.Science：美国的 Science 杂志为国际上著名的自然科学综合类学术期刊，在世界学术界享有盛誉。 Science 杂志创刊于1880年，该杂志具有新闻杂志和学术期刊的双重特点，每周除向世界各地发布有关科学技术和科技政策的重要新闻外，还发表全球科技研究最显著突破的研究论文和报告。
练习：
1. Backpacks are convenient because
A) they can be very large
B) they can hold as many things as you want to carry.
C) your hands are freed to do other things.
D) you do not have to carry things with you. 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
2. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?
A) It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.
B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.
C) It is small and convenient.
D) It is light and easy to carry.
3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means
A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.
B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.
C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.
D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?
A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.
B) To put the backpack on the market.
C) To test the advantage of the backpack.
D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.
5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”
A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic.
B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.
C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.
D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
参考答案解析:
1. C 第一段告诉我们，因为背包可以装许多东西，所以可以将双手解放出来做其它事情：to free your hands to do other things.
2. A 第二段的第一句说，Lawrence C. Rome 及其同事们发明的这种背包，当背着背包走路时，会有电能产生；该段最后一句告诉我们，背包的这种性能可减少背包的重量，因为不必携带备用电池。
3． D “springs”在此是弹簧的意思。spring是一个多义词：泉水（A）、春天（B）、弹跳（C）。4． B 第四段最后一句的意思是：Rome计划将这种背包商业化，即，推向市场。A、C、D在文中均未提到。D的意思是为背包做广告。
5． B 这个句子的字面意思是：如果你终于得到这样的背包，过马路时一定要两面都看看。也就是说，不要因为同时玩着游戏、听着音乐、看着电视，太专注以致不注意来往车辆了。
Where Have All the Bees Gone?
Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon
colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits.
Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what’s causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out what’s contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don’t look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees’ digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybee’s nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees’ genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the group’s genetic diversity. So far scientists haven’t determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but it’s a promising theory, says Evans.
词汇：转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
honeybee n. 蜜蜂parasite n. 寄生虫；寄生生物
hive n. 蜂巢；蜂箱digestive adj. 消化的
pollen n. 花粉immune adj. 免疫的
beekeeper n. 养蜂人insecticide n. 杀虫剂
expertise n. 专门知识，专长diversity n. 多样性转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
注释：
1.colony-collapse：群体瘫痪。Colony有“殖民地”的意思，在此意为： a group of the same kind of animals, plants, or one-celled organisms living or growing together. 一群生活或生长在一起的同种动物、植物或单细胞有机体。
2.the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory：美国农业部蜜蜂研究实验室。转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
3.the Florida Department of Agriculture：佛罗里达农业局。佛罗里达是美国东南部的一个州，濒临大西洋和墨西哥湾。
练习：
1.What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?
A) Honeybees are flying all across the country.
B) 25-40 percent of the honeybees in the US have died.
C) Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return.
D) Honeybee hives are in disorder.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
2. Why are researchers seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder?
A) Because honeybees produce one-third of the foods we eat
B) Because honeybees feed on flowers.
C) Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers.
D) Both B and C.
3. What are the possible causes of colony-collapse disorder given by the scientists?
A) Worsening environment.
B) Disease and chemicals.
C) Dwindling number of flowers around.
D) Changes in genes’ structures.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
4. According to the fifth paragraph, which of the following about bees’ genes is true?
A) Bees’ genes allow them to expand their colonies.
B) Bees genes help keep them in their hives.
C) Bees genes make them fly from flower to flower.
D) Bees genes could explain the collapse of some colonies.
5. What explanation is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon? 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
A) Farmers apply certain chemicals to kill unwanted bees.
B)The insecticide destroys the honeybee’s nervous system.
C)The insecticide affects the honeybee’s memory.
D) All of the above
1．C．细节题。该题可以借助文章主题的提示直接判定C是答案，也可以参考文章中的相关内容来判断答案。
2. A。细节题。
3．B．细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息结构（scientists）及备选项中带有修饰词的细节信息结构（Worsening environment，Worsening environment，Dwindling number of flowers ，genes’ structures ）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
第四的开头句和第5段的开头句给出了科学家认为的造成可能造成这种现象的两个原因。
提示：段落段首句/段尾句处常设考点。文章中权威人士/权威机构的发言处常设考点。
4．D．细节题。该题可借助文章主题内容直接判断答案，也可利用问题句中的细节信息结构（bees’ genes）及备选项中的细节信息结构（B：hives, C: flower）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
答案相关句（第6段段首句）说：蜜蜂的基因能解释为什么一些蜜蜂群体已经崩溃了，而其他的蜜蜂群体没有崩溃，因此D是答案。
5．D．细节题。利用问题句中的特征词（Jerry Hay）及备选项中的细节信息结构（A：certain chemicals，unwanted bees；B：insecticide，nervous system， C：memory ）共同作为答案线索，
答案相关句描述了造成蜜蜂群体崩溃的直接原因（农民使用一些化学药品/杀虫剂）和造成蜜蜂崩溃的根本原因（杀虫剂破坏了蜜蜂的神经系统），所以D是正确选择。
Why Humans Walk On Two Legs
A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees trained to use treadmills has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.
“When our earliest ancestors started walking on two legs, they took the first steps toward becoming human,” said lead researcher Michael Sockol of UC Davis1. “Our findings help answer why.”Sockol worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax adult chimps to walk on two legs and to “knucklewalk” on all fours on the sort of treadmill found in most gyms.转自学易网https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected metabolic and other data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.
The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal2 walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than knucklewalking.
转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
“We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs – but that finding wouldn’t have been as interesting,” Sockol said. “What we found was much more telling. For three chimps, bipedalism3 was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn’t the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on four. The other used less energy walking upright.” These two chimps had different gaits and anatomy than their knucklewalking peers.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
Taken together, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds.
Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased in distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
“This isn’t the complete answer,” Sockol said. “But it’s a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we become human? And why do we alone walk on two legs?”(435 words)
词汇：转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩（又作
chimp ) calorie n. 卡（路里），小卡
biped n 二足动物
treadmill n. 踏轮；踏车；单调工作gait n. 步态，步法
coax v. 哄，哄劝anatomic adj. 解剖（学）的
knucklewalk v. 用膝关节走路Quadruped n. 四足动物
metabolic adj.（新陈）代谢的Miocene n.& adj. 中新世（的）
locomotion n. 运动（力）转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
注释：
1.UC Davis ：加州大学戴维斯分校。UC是University of California (加利福尼亚大学)的缩写，该校有多个分校，UC Davis是其中一个。Davis以前是UC Berkeley分校的农学院，后来独立出来。Davis是一个大学城，很小的城市，Davis校园基本就构成了这个城市。
2.quadrupedal and bipedal：quad-：构词词素，是“四”的意思；bi-:构词词素，是“二”的意思；ped-：构词词素，是“脚”的意思；-al是构成形容词的后缀，表示“．．．的”。因此，quadrupedal意为“四足动物的”，bipedal意为“二足动物的”。
3.bipedalism：系bipedal（二足动物的）的对应名词，这里后缀-ism表示“特征”、“特性”。转自学易网https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
练习：
1. What did Michael Sockol and his team find out in their study of chimpanzees?转自学易网
https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
A) The evidence why chimpanzees can be trained to use treadmills.
B) The evidence why our apelike ancestors came to walk on four legs.
C )The evidence why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs.
D) The evidence why chimpanzees can be trained to walk on two legs.
2. Which of the following best interprets the meaning of“While the chimps worked out, ….”(the first sentence of the third paragraph)?
A) While the chimps worked in the lab….
B) While the chimps exercised in the gym….
C) While the chimps tried to figure out what they should do….-
D) While the chimps tried to understand the instructions….转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
3. What was the result of the finding, according to Paragraph 5?
A) Three chimps used more energy walking on two legs.
B) One chimp used less energy walking on two legs.
C) One chimp used about the same energy walking on two legs as on four.
D) All of the above. 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
4. What was true of the hypothesis of the research?
A) Our apelike ancestors were anatomically different but had the same gaits.
B) Bipeds with natural selection had an advantage over quadruped.
C) Our apelike ancestors could adapt to different climate changes due to genetic variation.
D) Bipeds had an advantage over quadrupeds due to changes in the environment. 转自学易网https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
5. What does fossil and molecular evidence tell us about our earliest ancestors.
A) They experienced more climate changes than we do today.
B) Due to changes in climate, they were forced to travel between food patches.
C) They could cover more ground than their quadrupedal peers because they used less
energy.
D)They could travel longer distances on the ground than those who could use less energy. 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
1．C．该题可以利用文章主题内容直接判断答案，也可以利用问题句及被选项中的特征结构及细节信息结构（加粗字体内容）共同作为答案线索，
2. B worked out句子中的含义是“运动，锻炼”的意思，所以选择 B。
3．D． (第五段的第三、第四和第五句提供了答案。bipedalism was more expensive的意思是：两足行走消耗更多的体能。walking upright的意思是：直立行走，即两足行走。
4．D．第六段告诉了我们研究的两个假设：一种假设：猿人祖先在解剖学意义上存在着差异，这一差异影响了它们的步态；另一种假设：这些差异为自然选择所决定的遗传变异提供了可能性，而环境变化使得两足行走的猿人比起四足行走的猿人更有优势。因此B是答案。转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
5．C．倒数第二段提供了问题的答案。travel longer distances用的是比较级，这里是将两足行走的猿人与上文中四足行走的猿人做比较。those who could cover more ground using less energy指的是上文提到的与四足行走的猿人相比，体能消耗较小的两足行走猿人。其他选择都不是正确说法。
Black holes lead stars to self-destruct
Scientists have long understood that supermasvive black holes weighing. Millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole’gravity pulls harder on the neatest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.
Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within: Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire of the Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
When the star gets Close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would he complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that not nuclear explosion should occur. 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the start’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough.”
Brassart aggress. “Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it’s something that needs to be more studied,”he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Almos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case they exploded in the process.
转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
1.Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? 转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
A the black hole could tear apart the star
B the black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star
C the black hole could dwindle its size considerably
D the black hole could devour the star
2.According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of
A whether nuclear reaction would occur
B whether the stars would increase its density and temperature
C whether shock waves would occur
D whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
3.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
A No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star
B The star would be destroyed completely
C. Much of the star’s matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole’s reach
D. The black hole would completely devour the star
4.What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
A The star’s matter will move further away from by the black hole
B the black hole’s matter will heat up
C the black hole’s matter will swirl into the black hole
D the black hole’s matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays
5.According to the context, the word “disruption” in paragraph 6 means
A confusion
B tearing apart
C interruption
D flattening转自学易网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/dc8454738.html,
1．C．利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（方框中的结构）作为答案线索，
2．A．利用问题句及被选项中的细节信息词（方框中的结构）作为答案线索，
3．D．4．C．5． B。
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