【最新】初中英语语法专项：名词及用法整理

一、名词的格

名词的格是指名词具有的形式及其变化，体现名词在句子中与其他词的关系。名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。

1、主格和宾格(nominative and objective case) 名词的主格和宾格都没有形

式变化，要通过名词在句子中的位置和作用来确定。

作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。Many foreigners(主格)like to read China Daily(宾格)。很多外国人爱读《中国日报》。The manager(主格)is showing the foreigners(宾格)around the new factory(宾格)。经理正带领外国人参观新厂。

2、名词所有格(possessive case)名词所有格一般表示所有关系。有's 所有格和of 所有格两种。

(1)'s 所有格

表示有生命的东西的名词所有格在名词末尾加上-'s：the teacher's house 教师的家the People's Republic 人民共和国the Women's Society 妇女社团children's toys 儿童玩具Charlie Chaplin's films 查理卓别林的电影。

词尾是-s 或-es 的复数名词末尾只加“'”：the boys' house 男孩们的房子the soldiers' horses 士兵们的马the students' textbooks 学生们的课本All Fools' Day 愚人节

注意：在某些以-s 结尾的专有名词后，也只加“'”。James' eyes 詹姆斯的眼晴Engels' praise 恩格斯的赞扬

如果某物为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的词尾加's;如果表示各自的所有关系时，则各个名词词尾都加's：my father and mother's friends 我爸妈的朋友his father-in-law's new car 他岳父的新车

不以-s 结尾的复数名词加's:women's dress 妇女的衣服men's work 男人的工作the children's room 孩子的房间

表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的东西的名词，也可以用's 构成所有关系：a few days' time 几天的时间 a week's holidays 一周的假期today's newspaper 今天的报纸ten minutes' ride 乘车十分钟的路程one

pound's weight l 磅的重量

(2)of 所有格

of 所有格是以”of+名词”构成的一种词组形式，主要用于表示无生命东西的

名词，表示所有关系：the windows of the classroom 教室的窗子the colours of the flowers 鲜花的颜色the foot of the mountain 山脚the noise of the tractors 拖拉机的噪音

表示有生命东西的名词，也可用of 所有格表示所有关系，或者表示主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等：the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世the arrival of the chairman 主席的到来the laws of Newton 牛顿定律

3、双重所有格(the double possessive) 's 可以和of 所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做”双重所有格”。

(1)双重所有格的形式

of 十名词所有格

He is a friend of my brother's.他是我弟弟的一位朋友。

That is a new design of Mr.Brown's.那是布朗先生的一项新设计。

Miss Smith is a friend of Mary's mother's. 施密丝小姐是玛丽妈妈的朋友。

of+名词性物主代词

I'm staying with a friend of mine.我打算和我的一位朋友住在一起。

I borrowed a necklace of yours.我借了你的一条项链。

(2)双重所有格的几个特征

双重所有格所修饰的名词(即of 之前的名词)通常和不定冠词 a 及any, some,no,few,several 等表示数量的词连用，表示”其中之一”或”其中一部分”的意思，但不可以和定冠词the 连用。

This is a book of my father's. 这是我爸爸的一本书。

Have you read any books of Einstein's?你读过爱因斯坦的什么书吗?

Some friends of my brother's have arrived. 我兄弟的几位朋友已经到了。

不能说:the play of Shakespeare's 或the novels of Lu Xun's

of 十名词所有格”中的名词一般表示人，不能表示物;该名词必须是特指的，不能是泛指的，不能与不定冠词连用。

a friend of the doctor's 这个大夫的一个朋友

some books of my brother's 我哥哥的一些书

a friend of my parents'我父母的一个朋友

a play of Shaw's 肖伯纳的一个剧本不能说: a cover of a book's

双重所有格修饰的名词和指示代词this, that, these, those 连用时，往往表示爱憎、褒贬等感情色彩，这时并不表示“部分”的意思。

That little daughter of your sister's is really a dear. 你姐姐的那个小女儿真惹人爱。

These remarks of yours are of great value to us. 你的这些话对我们来说

很有帮助。

How old is this lovely child of your aunt's? 这个你姑母的可爱的小孩几岁了?

5、名词所有格所修饰词的省略

(1)名词所有格所修饰的词如果前面已提到，则往往省略，以免重复

The kite is not mine ,but John's(kite) . 风筝不是我的而是约翰的。

She put her arm through her husband's (arm).她挽着她丈夫的手臂。

(2)习惯上，名词所有格后面指地点等的名词也可省去不用

Yesterday I met him again at the barber's (shop). 昨天我又在理发店遇上

他了。

You are expected in the manager's (office).盼着你到经理办公室去。

We had supper at my uncle's (house).我们在叔叔家吃的晚饭。

6、of 所有格与双重所有格的区别

(1)有时of 所有格与双重所有格在单句中意义较接近，知识侧重点有所不同。

He is a friend of my father's. =He is one of my father's friends. (着重说明父亲不止他一个朋友)

He is a friend of my father. =It is he who is my father's friend. (着重说明他是我父亲唯一的一个朋友)

(2)中心词是portrait, picture, printing, photograph 等词时，后面用of 所有格指某人自己的肖像、照片等;用双重所有格则表示某人所收藏的肖像、照片。This is a picture of my father. 照片上的人是我父亲。

This is a picture of my father's. 这照片属于我父亲收藏。

二、deer的复数是什么?

deer是可数名词，deer是单、复数同形的词，所以，deer的复数仍然是deer。如：one deer，two deer，这样的名词还有fish，sheep等。

例句：

In the zoo, there are many deer.?

动物园里有很多鹿。

The hunter wounded the deer.

猎人打伤了鹿。

三、名词的复数规则

(1)．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

(2)．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

(3)．以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families,

strawberry-strawberries

(4)．以"f或fe"结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives

(5)不规则名词复数：man ---men, woman---women,

policeman---policemen, policewoman---policewomen, mouse---mice

child---children foot---feet,.tooth---teeth fish---fish, people---people,

Chinese---Chinese, Japanese---Japanese

1. 主格一般用在句中作为主语，一般用在动词前（除疑问句）

2. 宾格多用于动词介词后面。

3. 形容词性物主代词后面必须要跟名词。

4. 名次性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词+名词

四、people的单数与复数用法

1. 表示“人”，是一个只表示复数意义的可数名词（注意不用词尾-s），可以说some people（一些人），many people（许多人）等，但不能说 a people 或one people。

2表示“民族”，此时为可数名词，其前可用不定冠词，也可有复数形式。如：The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中国人是一个勤劳的民族。

The English-speaking peoples share a common language. 讲英语的各民族拥有共同的语言。

比较下面两句：

How many peoples live in Asia? 亚洲有多少个民族?

How many people live in the room? 这房间住了多少人?

3. 泛指“人们”时，其前不用定冠词；泛指“人民”时，其前通常要用定冠词。如：

People say oil prices will be going up soon. 人们说油价快要上涨了。

The people turned against their president. 人民变得不满意他们的总统。

五、country的复数

country做名词时，既可表示“国家”，也可表示“农村”的意思。

country做农村用时，只能是单数，且其前面要加定冠词the。如：

They live ahappy life in the country.

他们在乡村里过着幸福的生活。

country 做国家用时，是可数名词。country的复数形式是countries。如：Japan is an Asian country.

日本是亚洲国家。

Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.

日本、中国、印度是亚洲国家。

六、英语中的集体名词

集体名词的定义：

集体名词是同一类许多个体的集合的总称。

集体名词中有的是可数名词，如：

family 家庭group 小组team 队police 警察

有的是不可数名词，如：

clothing 衣服furniture 家具

集体名词的注意事项：

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全初中英语语法学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

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初中英语语法大全

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初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练答案(5)

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