语篇型语法填空学案
语篇型语法填空
语篇型语法填空是一种新题型，考查的是在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的运用能力。其形式为在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。
一、语法填空呈现如下规律
1．短文题材：或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。
2．短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，主要考查句子结构和语篇分析能力。
3．短文长度：200词左右，不超过12句话。
4．首句不设空。
5．考点设置：
（1）不给词题：通常考查冠词、介词、代词和连词等，答案只填一个单词。
（2）给词题
①考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词等，可填一个单词或两个或更多
②考查名词、形容词和副词的比较等级及其词类转换等，答案只能填一个单词。
注意：考查中，不会要求考生根据上下问来填写一个名词、动词或拼写较长的形容词和副词。
二、能力要求：1. 阅读/理解语篇的能力; 2. 分析句子结构的能力; 3. 熟练运用语法的能力。
三、解题步骤（“由大到小” ）
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。
1. 通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。
2. 巧用已知，连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。
3. 理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。
4. 重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。
5. 拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。
一、纯空格形式
涉及四种词类：介词、冠词、代词和连词。
1. 限定名词冠或介
名词通常不会以单独的单词形式在句子里出现，需要用介词、冠词或代词所有格等词类来修饰或限定。所以我们总结为“限定名词冠或介”，即做题时如果空格在名词前面，则考虑冠词或介词。如book这个单词会以下列搭配关系出现：
冠词+名
介词+名词代词+名词介词+代词+名词形容词+名词
词
a book(book)in hand another book(with a book)in his hand ancient books
2. 代词限定又指代
“代词限定”是指在名词前面也可用起限定作用的代词(如作定语的代词所有格、不定代词)，“又指代”是指在上下文中指代名词而担当主语、宾语的代词，如人称代词、物主代词主格、宾格及指示代词、不定代词、相互代词等其他代词。
3.连词并列连主谓
连词的作用是连接并列(句)或主从复合句，其特点是空格前后都有并列词语或主谓结构。
二、提供单词原形的空格
涉及四种词类：名词、形容词、副词和动词。
1、在限定词后作主语、宾语通常要用名词形式，并要注意不可数名词和可数名词单数、复数的区别。
2、在名词前担当定语或在系动词后作表语通常要用形容词形式。
3、修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子通常要用副词形式，如果所给的词是形容词或副词，通常用比较级或最高级形式。
括号内提供的是动词
当括号内提供的是动词时，主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。
（1）动词是作谓语用的，首先要判断其时态和语态。（留意作并列谓语的情况）如：
Since Hong Kong ________(rejoin) China in 1997, more student from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.
答案：rejoined。解释：此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen及从句的时间状语in 1997，此空动词应该是一般过去时态。
1. (2013·广东高考)One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he _________ (find)that he had run out of salt.
参考答案: found, 他发现盐用光了。本篇短文为叙述过去发生的事情, 以一般过去时为主。
2. (2013·重庆高考)I felt very tired when I got home, and I _________ (go) straight to bed.
参考答案: went, 用一般过去时表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作。
3. (2013·浙江高考)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _________ (increase) sharply.
参考答案: has increased, during the last three decades意为“近30年来”, 这是包括现在时间在内的时间段, 用现在完成时。
4. (2011·广东高考)He _________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
参考答案: pretended, 用一般过去时表示过去一次性动作。
5. (2011·全国卷Ⅰ)Planning so far ahead _________ (make) no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
参考答案: makes, 一般现在时表示客观事实。
（2）当动词不是作谓语时，而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时，该动词就要用非谓语形式：to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), done(即-ed形式)。
根据三种形式的不同用法，以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定具体用哪种形式。
Ten years ago, Jessica Cheung was only 13. _________(live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.
答案：Living。解释：此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语，与逻辑主语she是主动关系，所以使用现在分词living。
2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是判断考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般
是判断考察形容词，即要变成形容词形式。如：
“Thirty-five cents,” she said___________(rude).
答案：rudely。解释：此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词，要用来修饰动词said，所以要使用副词形式。
但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如：
At last, her courage and _________(wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.
答案：wisdom。解释：括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。
1. (2013·广东高考)“That would be a very _________ (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could d estroy a small village like ours, ” Nick said.
参考答案: reasonable。在一座大城市里那将是一件很合理的事情。reasonable合理的。
2.(2013·广东高考)“But such a small thing couldn’t _________ (possible) destroy a village. ”
参考答案: possibly。possibly副词修饰谓语动词destroy。
3. (2011·广东高考)He pretended that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be _________ (mental) disabled.
参考答案: mentally。副词修饰形容词。
4. (2011·广东高考)I left it early because I had an appointment _________ (late) that day.
参考答案: later。副词作时间状语。
5. (2010·广东高考)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _________ (sweet).
参考答案: sweeter。形容词比较级作表语, 注意没有比较结构词的比较级。
6. (2010·广东高考)His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _________ (warm), and thanked his student very much. 参考答案: warmly。副词修饰动词。
3、括号内提供的是名词
当括号内提供的是名词时，一般判断考查形容词，如：
There, my voice sounds really__________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.
答案：wonderful。解释：括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如：
A certain man planted a rose and watered it________( faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.
答案：faithfully。解释：括号内提供的是名词，但此空是作状语，修饰动词water，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。
附：词性转换的常用前缀、后缀
后缀
(后缀改变词性)1. 名词后缀
-age, -ance, -cy, -ence, -er, -or, -ese,
-ian, -ist, -ity, -ment, -ness, -tion, -ture,
-sion, -sure. . .
2. 形容词后缀-al, -an, -ary, -ern, -ent, -ful,
-able, -ish, -sive, -tive, -tic(al), -y, -less, -ly, -ed, -ing
3. 动词后缀-fy, -ize(-ise), -en
4. 副词后缀-ly, -ward(s)
5. 数词后缀基数词: -teen, -ty序数词: -th
前缀(前缀通常改变词义, 少数前缀改变词性)a-, dis-(否定), in-(il-, im-, ir-)(不, 非), un-(不), inter-(相互, 之间), mis-(误), re-(重复, 再), tele-(远程), en-(使可能)
备考指南
一是掌握基础语法：要复习课程标准或考纲“附录2 语法项目表”中规定的24个语法项目。切实掌握每个项目中的基本用法，不淡化，但也不必深化。千万注意语法不要过细、过繁、过多、过难，不要将简单语法复杂化，而应想方设法使复杂的语法简单化，让语法变得更简、更易、更有趣。
二是熟悉考点语法：语法填空的考点与短文改错的考点基本相同，具体有以下十大考点：
考点1：名词
弄清数与格。即名词是是用单数名词还是复数名词，是否要用所有格。
［例1］We were poor in those _______ (day).
［分析］因day是可数名词，受those修饰，应用复数，故填days。
［例2］It’s about an _____ (hour) drive from here.
［分析］句意是“离这里大约有一个小时的车程”，“一个小时的”用所有格，故填hour’s。
考点2：代词
⑴指代对象(通常是前面出现的名词或整句)，是人还是事物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数，是作主语还是作宾语。
［例1］The manager was about to leave when his secretary called ______ back.
［分析］作called的宾语，应填代词；指代谁？指代The manager，是人; 由his可知, 这个经理是男的，是一个人，单数，且是作宾语，故填him。
⑵如是物主代词(表示某人的)，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词，在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。
［例2］Tom, a friend of ____ (I), is our monitor.
［分析］指“我的朋友”中的一个，表示“我的朋友(my friend)”，相当于“一个形容词性物主代词+一个名词”的意义，用名词性物主代词，作介词of的宾语，故填mine。
⑶反身代词反指谁，它通常作主语和宾语的同位语，这时应与主语或宾语一致；也可作某些动词或介词的宾语，这时需与主语一致。
［例3］The children amused _______ (they) by playing hide-and-seek games.
［分析］缺宾语，应填代词；这些孩子拿谁取乐，应是“自娱自乐，游玩(amuse oneself)”，与主语The children 一致，故填themselves。类似的短语还有enjoy oneself (玩得开心), teach oneself(自学), adapt oneself (适应), dress oneself(自己穿衣), devote oneself to(致力于), by oneself(单独地)等。
考点3：冠词
不定冠词表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/……”等；定冠词表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外，搞清特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物用the，以及在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用the。如：
［例1］It was _____ third time I had been there.
［分析］在序数词前要用the。
[例2] This is ____ most boring film I’ve ever seen.
[分析] 在最高级前要用the。
[例3] He is _____ honest businessman, according to what everyone says.
[分析] 可译作：根据大家的评说，他是一个诚实的商人。表示“一个”，用不定冠词，honest的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
考点4：连词
判断是是简单句还是复合句，如果是复合句，必须有恰当的连词连接句子。（若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，可以判断，一定是填连词。）连词有两类，一种是并列连词，一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型：
(1) 并列句：并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单句构成，有时并列连词前有逗号，可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)、neither…nor, either…or, whether…or等。如：
[例1] As a citizen, you must obey the law _____ you will be punished.
[分析] 前后是两个句子，应填连词；根据句意可知填or，表示“否则”。
[例2] He likes cats ______ dislikes dogs.
[分析] 因likes cats与dislikes dogs是转折关系，故填but。
(2) 状语从句：当确定为状语从句后，就要通过语境理解，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。
［例7］We camped there ______ it was too dark to go on.
［分析］因“天太黑不能继续走了”是“我们在那里宿营”的原因，故填because。
［例8］Such things, _____ you like it or not, do happen from time to time.
［分析］由句意“不管你喜欢不喜欢，这样的事的确时有发生”及or可知，填whether引导让步状语从句。whether… or… 不管……还是……
____the sun came out, he looked down and laughed. There was no abyss. Just six inches down，there was a rock. 答案：As/When。解释：根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺从属连词，从第一句的含义来看，是表示时
间的状语从句，所以使用as/when。
(3)名词性从句：当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑where, why, how, because等。如：
［例3］He came to me in the belief _____ I could help him.
［分析］空格后面的句子是belief的同位语，从句内容完整，也不缺少任何句子成分，故填that。
［例4］Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _____ we have done.
［分析］在宾语从句中作have done的宾语，相当于the thing that，“所……的事”，用连接代词what。
I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but ______ they did touched me deeply.
答案：what。解释：此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语，所以使用what。
(4)定语从句：当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。如：
［例5］I met someone _____ said he knew you.
［分析］引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，用关系代词；先行词是人，故填who。
［例6］Li Ming won first prize in the competition, ________ made his father pleased.
［分析］引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，用关系代词；先行词是“李明在这次比赛中得了第一名”这回事，故填which。
考点5：介词
主要是at, in, on, for, since, with, without, from, as, after, before, behind
等表示时间、地点、原因等的介词以及习惯用语中的介词。
[例1] I am grateful to you _____ helping me.
[分析] 因为某事感谢某人，用for表示感谢的原因。
［例2］_____ time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health.
［分析］表示“随着”用介词With。With time going by =As time goes by随着时间的流逝。
考点6：助动词
⑴构成行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句和否定句的do, does, did。
［例1］How much _____ he charge you for repairing the bicycle just now?
［分析］这是疑问句，由just now可知，是一般过去时，填助动词did。
⑵强调行为动词一般现在时和一般过去时的谓语动词的do, does, did。
［例2］To tell you the truth, Tom _____ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said sorry to me.
［分析］与yesterday连用，谓语动词本应用一般过去时，但take却用了原形，可见其前面应当有助动词或情态动词；根据语境，应当是表达“的确错拿了我的钢笔”，强调谓语动词，又是一般过去时，用did。
⑶构成部分倒装的do, does, did。
[例3] Not only _____ he do well in his study, but also he is always ready to help others.
[分析] not only…but also…连接两个句子时，前一个句子要用部分倒装；主语是第三人称单数，动词却用了原形do，可见前面应有助动词does, did；由后句的is可知，是一般现在时，故填does。
⑷常用情态动词的基本用法。
［例4］I ______ have gone to the school library, but it rained heavily, so I did not.
［分析］表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做”，用should have done sth. 表示，故填should
考点7：谓语动词
谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。从历年广东卷和全国卷来看，考得最多的是一般现在时和一般过去时，且只需看看上下文中谓语动词是用什么时态，跟着用什么时态就行了，十分简单。
［例1］He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he______ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called…
［分析］在主语人称代词he后作谓语，是谓语动词；因he与find是主动关系，用主动语态，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时，故填found。
［例2］Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. …but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _____ (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week…
［分析］由tell sb. sth. 可知，用被动语态，表示我们“被告知” ; 又由上下文的时态(如went, said)可知，用一般过去时，故填were told。
［例3］He suddenly appea red in class one day …He walked in as if he ______ (buy) the school…he was from New York City.
［分析］由as if(好像)可知，可能用虚拟语气；由语境可知，他是新来的同学，不可能是买下了学校，故用虚拟语气；这是叙述过去的事，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，故填had bought。
考点8：非谓语动词
动词是作谓语用的，当动词不是作谓语时，而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时，该动词就要用非谓语形式：to do(即用to+原形), doing(即-ing形式), done(即-ed形式)。
根据三种形式的不同用法，以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定具体用哪种形式。
［例1］Sue got home, _____ (feel) very tired.
［分析］因已有谓语动词got，而feel前又没有并列连词，所以feel是非谓语动词；又因Sue与feel是主动关系，故填feeling，分词短语作伴随状语。
［例2］______(build) in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old.
［分析］句中已有谓语动词is，所以build是非谓语动词；又因the bridge与build是被动关系，故填Built。［例3］It has been his dream _________ (travel) round the world.
［分析］It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故填to travel。
［例4］______ (collect) stamps seems to be his main hobby.
［分析］因seems to be…是谓语了，collect应为非谓语；由句子结构可知,填Collecting，动名词短语作主语，当然填To collect也是正确的。
［例5］I didn’t talk much to the man _______ (sit) next to me.
［分析］因句中已有谓语动词didn’t talk，所以sit应为非谓语动词；又因the man与sit是主动关系，故填sitting,分词短语作定语。
［例6］She avoided _______ (answer) the teacher’s questions.
［解析］在avoid后只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填answering。顺便提提，一定要牢记: ①只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常用动词, 如finish, enjoy, consider, advise, suggest, feel like, can’t help等; ②只能接to do作宾语的动词, 如plan, want, wish, hope, would like, refuse等;
③接to do与doing意思有差别的动词,如forget, remember, regret等；④ look forward to, devote oneself to等to是介词的短语动词。
考点9：词类转换
要求考生搞清楚，什么词类在句中作什么成分，或什么成分用什么词类的词来充当。复习要点主要有：
⑴作主语、宾语、表语，用名词。亦即，名词就是在句中作主语、宾语、表语的。
［例1］Several children are away from school because of ____ (ill).
［分析］作介词because of的宾语，要用名词，故填illness。
⑵作定语、补语、表语，用形容词。亦即，形容词在句中是作定语、补语、表语的。
［例2］This is the only reference book that I find _____(use).
［分析］that I find useful是定语从句，关系代词that代表先行词the book，在定语从句中作find的宾语，所以要填的词是作宾补的，故填形容词形式useful。
⑶作状语，用副词修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或修饰全句。亦即，副词就是用来作状语的。
［例3］I arrived late but ______ (luck), the meeting had been delayed.
［分析］修饰后面整个分句，作状语，填副词luckily。
考点10：比较等级
有than的前面要用比较级；有in, of, I have ever seen等表示比较范围的用最高级；根据语境理解隐形的比较级。
［例1］It takes ______ (little) time to go there by plane than by train.
［分析］由than可知，要用比较级，故填less。
［例2］My pronunciation is poor. His is even ______ (bad).
［分析］由even(更)可知用比较级，相当于后面省略了than mine，故填worse。
［例3］Hainan is China’s second ______ (large) island.
［解析］表示“第几大/长”，用“序数词+最高级”表示，故填largest。
例4］Mr. Li, our English teacher, is one of the ______ (nice) people I know.
［解析］有定语从句I know 表示比较范围，用最高级，故填nicest。
此外，作形式主语和形式宾语的it，构成强调句型的it, that都是很可能要考的，同学们务必要注意。
［例1］I find ________ interesting to learning English.
［解析］填it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
［例2］It is because he has been working hard ___________ he has made such great progress.
［解析］填that，与前面的It is构成强调结构。
语篇型语法填空专题自测题组
自测题组 Passage 1-2018辽宁大连一模 答案 [语篇解读]在东汉初,随着佛教传入中国,人们开始雕刻石狮子。如今,在传统建筑大门口以及桥梁之上常见到石狮子的雕塑。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/de12971821.html,monly设空处修饰动词,故填副词。commonly广泛地;通常。common为形容词,意为“常见的;共同的;共有的”。 2.is regarded设空处在句中作谓语动词。be regarded as被看作;被当作。根据语境可知本句为一般现在时态。 3.officials句意:石狮子也被用来表明官员的等级。由介词of可知此处用名词作宾语,official 官员,为可数名词,根据语境可知用复数。 4.at at the beginning of...在……初;在……开始时。 5.the因为特指佛教的传入,故在前面加定冠词the。 6.which设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the lion,在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。 7.bravery设空处作介词of的宾语,与power和good luck并列,故填名词。bravery勇敢。 8.to decorate句意:因为同样的原因,以石狮子雕像来装饰桥梁也非常流行。It在句中作形式主语,用不定式短语作真正的主语。 9.best在以石狮子来装饰的桥梁中,最为著名的就是卢沟桥。根据语境可知此处用最高级, 表示“最为著名的桥梁”。 10.built设空处作定语,修饰the Lugou Bridge,因为the Lugou Bridge与build之间为被动关系, 故由过去分词作定语。 长难句The earliest stone lions were sculpted at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty with the introduction of Buddhism into ancient China.在东汉初,随着佛教传入古代中国,最早的石狮子被雕刻出来。 本句为简单句。句子使用了被动语态,at the beginning of...以及with短语在句中作状语。 高级语块 1.regard...as...把……当作…… 2.represent vt. 代表;象征 3.keep off使不接近
2020届 二轮英语 特优复习 专题四 2 阅读理解 语法填空 写作 学案
Exercise (建议用时：35分钟；实际用时：分钟) 阅读理解 How much television do you watch? Did you really give an honest answer? A recent study shows that people aren't totally truthful about their television－watching habits. The study in question was conducted at Ball State University in the US.Researchers there wanted to find out how much television people view according to their age.The study was paid for by a council associated with the Nielsen Company, which determines television ratings.The conclusions were that people spend more than 8 hours a day looking at a screen.This included cell phones and computers，but the majority were television screens. There are three interesting things about this study.The first is that people are exposed to more than one hour of advertisements per day.The second is that even with access to DVDs and internet videos, television is still the most popular media source.The third is that the amount of screen－watching people do is relatively the same from the ages of 18－65. So, if everyone is watching television, why lie about it? Well, if someone admits they watch television for five or six hours, they could be considered a couch potato.Michael Phillips, one of the study's main researchers, says, “There's a social stigma(污名) for people who watch too much television.Sometimes, however, watching the latest reality show or the funniest sitcom(即situation comedy) gives co－workers and friends fun things to talk about.” Even if you do watch a lot of television, perhaps we can use this study as a reason to be honest with ourselves about how much time we spend in front of the television.I mean, after all, everyone else is doing it… ( )1.Why do people lie about how much TV they watch? A．Because the show they watched is not the latest. B．Because they may be laughed at by co－workers or friends. C．Because they don't want others to know what they watched. D．Because there's something negative attached to watching too much TV. ( )2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the study?
语篇型语法填空解题技巧
语篇型语法填空解题技巧 根据四川高考教育改革方案，2016年英语考试将采用全国卷，届时将才用新题型 ---------语篇语法填空。现笔者根据自己的研习理解对该题型的答题提出一些有益建议。 一、语篇型语法填空题的题型特点 根据《大纲说明》，语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写的单词不得多于3个。考生须灵活运用语法知识，判断各 空白处应填写的内容。本题型材料贴近真实情景，上下文内容丰富，对考生精细阅读能力和语法运用能力要求较高，而且该题型在高考卷中所占的分值为15分，地位举足轻重。 语篇型语法填空包括短文体和对话体两种形式，命题分“无提示词”和“有提示词”两种题型。 1. 无提示词题型，即没有提示词的纯空格题型。一般有6个或7个小题，考查了代词、冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等] 2. 有提示词题型，即要求用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。一般有3个或4个小题，考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化等。 二、语篇型语法填空题的解题技巧 With nations in West Africa 1 (face) the biggest and most complex outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in history, Top . health officials discussed 2 (far)aid with leaders from Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria who are attending the Leaders Summit in Washington this week. There is no known cure for Ebola, 3 is spread through contact 4 bodily fluids and causes symptoms including fever, headaches, vomiting and diarrhea, and can lead to internal bleeding. Medical 5 (supply) and expertise are badly needed to combat a disease that at least 900 people have been killed and more than 1700 6 (infect) . Two Americans who contracted Ebola while working in a
(完整版)《高中英语语法填空》教学设计
《高中英语语法填空》教学设计 一．教学目标 1.知识技能 （1）通过本课的学习使学生了解语法填空的常考考点和清晰的解题思路，掌握分析句子结构的方法。 （2）将句子语法结构分析和句子意义能有机结合去解题。 2.情感态度 通过将考点细分逐个突破鼓励学生打破“我不行”的心理暗示，提高学生学习的自信心。 3.能力目标 通过对考点的细分和总结让学生有更为清晰的解题思路。 二．重点 了解语法填空的常考点与解题思路，掌握分析句子结构的微技能。 三．难点 将句子语法结构分析和句子意义有机的结合去解题。 四．学生情况 学生掌握基本的语法知识。 五．教学与学习过程 Step1.介绍语法填空的要求 Step2.介绍语法填空的解题思路 1.纯空格试题 2.给出动词的试题 3.词类转换题 Step3.介绍语法填空的方法 1.根据句子结构，确定词性 2.根据上下文意义及语法，确定词性：冠词，代词，连词，介词，谓语动词，非谓语动词，词性变化。 Step4.纯空格试题 1.名词前设空：（1）冠词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格，介词或 one,some,any,other等代词 （2）常用and,but,or,so等连词 （3）缺主语或宾语：名词，代词 Step5.给出了动词的试题 若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。 若是非谓语动词，用doing,done,to do等形式。 Step6.词类转换题 （1）转换为形容词（2）转换为名词（3）转换为副词Step7.其他常考类型 Step8.语法填空做题思路总结。 1.根据语法知识进行填空 2.根据逻辑关系进行填空 3.根据语片标志进行填空 Step9.Let’s practise 六作业：完成资料相关练习
高考英语语法填空题考点分析与解题技巧精选
高考英语语法填空题考点分析与解题技巧 语法填空题的设置是全国卷高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查置于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平.此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不容忽视.要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键. 一、语法填空题命题原则及考点分析. （一）命题原则： 1.短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等. 2.短文长度：约200词，一般不超过12句话，设10个空，句首不设空. 3.短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力. 4.考点设置：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设6-7个小题；用所给的词填空题：设3-4小题.纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、此类转换等，答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词. 5.常常会出现所填词位于句首，目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写. （二）考点分析：语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点.它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况.具体考点和命题特点如下： 1．每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法. 【例1】In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they ___(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals. 【解析】因allow 与 they 在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用 be
高考真题语篇型语法填空专题展示-详解篇
2016-2018高考真题展示 Passage 1(2018课标全国Ⅱ) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3 (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute)in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total7 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the govern- ment8 (start) a soil-testing program9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 答案 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。 1.has grown句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。 2.the句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。 3.actually句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米有很重要的一个作用就是,用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形式actually。 4.to improve句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高 水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动词不定式作目的状语。 5.than句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less 可 知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。 6.pollution句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更 安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。 7.global句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。 8.started句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年 政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 200 5,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。
语法填空题型导学案
语法填空题型导学案 【课题】语法填空应试导练（第1课时） 【学习目标】 1. 理清句子结构的语法性和句子意义的逻辑性； 2. 能分清句子的构成成份（句子的基本成分和扩展成份）； 3. 明白句子成份之间的一致性（如：主谓一致、时态一致等）； 【学习重点】 根据上下文填入一个词（动、名、代、冠、介、连、形、副) 【学习难点】 谓语动词的时态及语态；非谓语动词用法及变形；词性的正确使用及转化。 【方法指导】 一、（见PPT） 1、题型再认识： 英语考试大纲说明样题 2、试题要求： 阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 3、试题特点： 07—12三年语法填空题的语篇材料均为故事类题材，文字浅易，篇幅不长（2 00词左右；07年197个词，08年179个词，09年198个词)，材料中没有生僻和超纲的词汇，句子结构也不很复杂。语法填空题的内容不仅涉及语法结构，还包括构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构的制约作用。 4 前四类词用的较多, 且每年都不可缺少。 【预习导学】思考： 面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢? （1）三步完成: 概读理解–分析填空–连贯检查 （2）了解语法：词法、句法、章法、惯用法 【学习内容】
一、预习情况反馈： Group A 考查点: 定冠词,不定冠词, 物主代词的用法 3. There once were a goat and a don key…. So the farmer killed [40]______ g oat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. (07惠州一模) 5.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was [35]____ shy , nervous perfectionist. (08深圳二模) 1.The little boy pulled [33]_______ right hand out of the pocket … (07深圳一模) 归纳: 无提示词; 可数名词单数之前(翻译法). Group B 考查点: 各类复合句中连词、引导词的用法 2. It was not long [39]_______ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. (07深圳一模) 4. But nothing changed until midterm, [39]________ Mary Anne, a student tea cher, was appointed to our classroom. (08深圳二模) 归纳: 无提示词,两个主谓结构连接. Group C 考查点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配 3. In short, I believe that it is [39] _______ great use to keep a dairy in Engl ish… (07深二模) 5. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back [34]_______t he girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever see n. (08深圳一模) 归纳: 无提示词, 与名词相连构成介宾短语做状语,补语等, 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语. Group D 考查点: 谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致 1. I was certain she would like it because I [39] _______ (tell) by my classm ates that she loved hot food. (07广州一模) 6. His fear of failure [36]________ (keep) him from classroom games that oth er children played with joyous abandon. (08深圳二模) 归纳: 有提示词, 与主语构成主谓结构. Group E 考查点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用 2. We must also consider the reaction of the person [32]__________ (receive) the gift. (07广州一模)
2021新高考英语语法填空专题解析及方法指导
2021新高考英语语法填空专题解析及方法指导 I.题型研读 ◎命题宗旨 语法填空题于2014年首次出现在高考新课标英语试卷中，它标志着把英语基础知识放在一句话中做单项选择的时代的终结，标志着在语篇中考查语言基本功的时代已经到来。 ◎材料词数 短文体200词左右；对话体(广东卷)180词左右。 ◎命题方式 ＊提示词类 要求改变词的呈现形式(偶尔也可以不改) ＊纯空格类 要求填“小词”，指的是体型短小、实际含义不是很大、又不可或缺的词汇。如冠词、连词、介词、代词、副词、引导词、以及特殊句式中涉及到的小词。 ◎考查重点 词法、语法、句法、语篇 II. 语法填空题满分指南 ◎提示词类 1.动词的考点分布研究
a.做谓语 On my way to school, A boy on a bike caught(catch) my attention. It was(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. If the new students are accepted (accept),many universities will offer an instruction program for them to get to know the procedures. b.做非谓语 It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. While there are amazing(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about being(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint). When she got home with her small but well chosen(choose) present in her bag, her parents were already at table having dinner. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed(push) open. Generally speaking(speak),they can meet people’s needs very well. c.考查词性转换 ＊动词变成形容词 I was so excited that I couldn’t sleep last night. I fell asleep(sleep) at about two o’clock in the morning. Suddenly, all fear was gone(go) and I backed up and unlocked my car door.
语篇型语法填空解题技巧
语篇型语法填空解题技巧 一、语篇型语法填空的形式 在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容，所填写词语不得超过三个。 二、语篇型语法填空的测试点 主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定于从句的连接词和it 的用法等。 三、语篇型语法填空的解题思路 考生在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在；而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，例如，主语、谓语等；最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的语态等，选择词语的正确形式，例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。 在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，考生要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介
词的时候，往往考查介词的固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。 语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下的语法应用能力，在考试中就能提高语法填空题的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。 四、语篇型语法填空例题 例一、对话体 Mum: (putting on her coat) I am going to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: I am not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwic hes earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answ er the phone. But someone must have taken them because they’re 3 (go). Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure he was in th e kitchen 4 (early). Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finis hed 5 (make) them, so he couldn't have done it. 6 , he
语法填空学案
语法填空 授课老师:杨单丹 教学目标：使学生掌握语法填空做题技巧，逐渐培养其独立、准确的做题能力。 学情分析：学生二卷得分普遍较低，所以提升空间很大,尤其是语法填空. 教学重难点: 简单语法点的精准掌握及应用； 动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词的把握。 教学设计 Step 1 课堂导入 1 Action speak _____(loud) than words . 2 Never put off _____you can do today until tomorrow . 3 A good book is ___best of friends , the same today and forever . 4 A friend ___need is a friend indeed . 5 Sharp _____(tool) make good work . Step 2 案例展示（2019全国I卷） Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top___61__(attract). So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I___62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ___64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, __65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ___67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ___68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70__ other is with mum-she never suspects.
语篇语法填空
必修五Unit 4 24.An Amateur Journalist 业余记者 Jane is a housewife, but delighted to work as an amateur journalist. It is a dilemma for her to rush between family and work, and it is also unusual for the News Department to depend on an amateur to cover crimes. But Jane is really gifted. It is admirable that she is seldom accuse d of making mistakes. And, eager to become more professional, she concentrate s on her job and update s herself now and then. Once she is inform ed of a new case, her normal working process is as follows: first, she makes appointment s with guilty people for interviews. So as to acquire accurate stories, she usually demand s to record what they say. Meanwhile, a technically good colleague will assist her in taking photograph s. Second, she assess es whether they are deliberately hiding the truth. If she is skeptical about their words, she will look into the case herself. Third, she writes thorough stories ahead of the deadline and submit s it to the senior chief editor, who polish es and approve s every section. Finally, her stories will be publish ed in different edition s of their magazine. 简是一名家庭主妇，但却非常乐意做一名业余记者。在家和工作之间奔波总是使她左右为难，而且对于新闻部来说，依靠一名业余人员来报道罪案也是不同寻常的，但是简真的很有天赋，让人钦佩的是她极少因为犯错而受到责备。因为渴望做得更加专业，她全神贯注于工作，且时不时地就提升自身的业务水平。 一旦接到新案子的通知，她通常的工作程序如下：首先，她和有罪的人约了作采访。为了获得准确的新闻，她通常要求做录音，同时，一位技术上好的同事会协助她拍照；接着，她对受采访的人是否有故意隐瞒真相作出评估。如果她怀疑他们的话，就会亲自调查案件；然后，她在截稿期限前写出详尽的报道，呈交给高级主编，由他对每个部分做润色和批准；最后，她的新闻就发表在杂志的各个版本中了。
(英语)高中英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析
（英语）高中英语语法填空技巧小结及练习题含解析 一、高中英语语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the development of modem technology, people can stay ________ (connect) with their families and friends easily, however far apart they are from each other. WeChat is one of the most ________ (frequent) used means of communication in China. It is reported that the number of the WeChat users ________ (reach) over 1.1billion so far. Once joining the WeChat, people can find more and more people start to add them ________ friends. They don't have to consider time ________ (zone) when communicating. Another reason why ifs so popular is that it costs nothing. It's also very convenient for people to immediately update ________ they are doing by WeChat. However, addiction to WeChat will rob people of the time that should otherwise ________ (spend) on something more important. And the many so-called friends on it are not really friends at all, who simply want ________ (put) ads or sell items on Moments. Besides, people on the Wechat are more likely to compare ________ (they) with others, which will make them feel bad when finding some people seem to be ________ (success). 【答案】connected；frequently；has reached；as；zones；what；be spent；to put；themselves；(more) successful 【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了微信给人们带来方便的同时，也存在着一些弊端。 （1）句意：随着现代技术的发展，人们可以很容易地与家人和朋友保持联系，不管他们相距多远。系动词stay后，用形容词connected“有联系的”，stay connected with“与……保持联系”。故填connected。 （2）句意：微信是中国最常用的交流方式之一。修饰形容词used，用副词。故填frequently。 （3）句意：据报道，到目前为止，微信的用户数量已经超过11亿。so far做时间状语时，应使用现在完成时，the number of做主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has reached。 （4）句意：一旦加入微信，人们可以发现越来越多的人开始添加他们作为朋友。根据句意，此处使用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。 （5）句意：他们在交流时不需要考虑时区。“时区”是复数意义，前面没有冠词，应用名词复数形式。故填zones。 （6）句意：人们可以很方便地通过微信立即更新他们正在做的事情。____6____ they are doing by WeChat是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中做doing宾语，表“正在做的事情”，应使用what引导。故填what。 （7）句意：然而，沉迷于微信将会剥夺人们原本应该花在更重要事情上的时间。“时间”和“花费”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，由空前should可知，此处be动词使用原形。故填be spent。 （8）句意：而许多所谓的朋友根本不是真正的朋友，他们只是想在朋友圈里放广告或卖
语篇型语法填空解题技巧
语篇型语法填空解题技巧-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
语篇型语法填空解题技巧 根据四川高考教育改革方案，2016年英语考试将采用全国卷，届时将才用新题型---------语篇语法填空。现笔者根据自己的研习理解对该题型的答题提出一些有益建议。 一、语篇型语法填空题的题型特点 根据《大纲说明》，语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写的单词不得多于3个。考生须灵活运用语法知识，判断各空白处应填写的内容。本题型材料贴近真实情景，上下文内容丰富，对考生精细阅读能力和语法运用能力要求较高，而且该题型在高考卷中所占的分值为15分，地位举足轻重。 语篇型语法填空包括短文体和对话体两种形式，命题分“无提示词”和“有提示词”两种题型。 1. 无提示词题型，即没有提示词的纯空格题型。一般有6个或7个小题，考查了代词、冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等] 2. 有提示词题型，即要求用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。一般有3个或4个小题，考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化等。 二、语篇型语法填空题的解题技巧 With nations in West Africa 1 (face) the biggest and most complex outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in history, Top U.S. health officials discussed 2 (far) aid with leaders from Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria who are attending the U.S.-African Leaders Summit in Washington this week. There is no known cure for Ebola, 3 is spread through contact 4 bodily fluids and causes symptoms including fever, headaches, vomiting and diarrhea, and can lead to internal bleeding. Medical 5 (supply) and expertise are badly needed to combat a disease that at least 900 people have been killed and more than 1700 6 (infect) . Two Americans who contracted Ebola while working in a clinic in Liberia are receiving experimental antibody treatments after medical evacuation to the U.S. .“ 7 further testing proves the antibodies effective, they may offer hope against future cases of the disease in Africa, but they are 8 (like)to be ready for widespread use in the current outbreak. ” medical experts say. 语篇型语法填空题答题技巧特别提示： 1. 若空格在句首，要大写单词的首字母（题7）。 2. 要特别注意语境中连词和连接性副词的合理使用（题7）。 3. 遇到谓语动词（一般为“有提示词”形式），一定要充分考虑文章或对话的上下文，根据语境确定正确的时态、语态和语气形式（题6）。 4. 遇到非谓语动词（一般为“有提示词”形式），一定要关注空格所在句子的句式特点，考虑该空格处所填词所充当的句子成分及其与其逻辑主语的关系，从而确定正确的非谓语动词形式（题1）。 5. 考查形容词和副词一般为“有提示词”形式，通常要考虑词性转换、比较级、最高级以及加前缀变成否定词等（题2、8）。