高级英语2课后习题paraphrase和translation部分答案

Paraphrase & Translation

Lesson 1

1.Conversation is not for making a point.

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.

2.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against

him by building their French against his own language.

The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rules.

3.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and

even facetiously by the lower classes.

The phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disparagingly and joking by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.

4....that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and

all at once there was a focus.

Then suddenly a magical transformation took place and there was a focal subject to talk about.

1.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any

attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.”

每当上流社会想给“规范英语”指定一些条条框框时，总会遭到来自下层人名的抵制。

2.Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations

of it, and the King’s English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.

词语本身并不是现实，它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。

标准英语就像诺曼人的盎格鲁式法语一样，也是一种对现实的阶级表达。

3.Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not

be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.

让人们学着去讲规范英语也许不错，但不应当把它作为一条必须执行的法令，也不应当使它完全拒绝来自下层的改变。

4.There is no worse conversationalist than the one who

punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.

要是有谁闲聊时像写文章那样标点分明，或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字的话，那他一定是个最糟糕的聊天者。

Lesson 3

1.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative

ventures.

United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint bold under takings.

2....our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war

have far outpaced the instruments of peace...

The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the tools to wage war have far surpassed and exceeded the tools to keep peace.

3....to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.

We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the areas in which its authority and mandate could continue to be in effect or in force.

4.So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility

is not a sign of weakness...

Let us start over again; we must bear in mind that being polite does not mean one is weak.

5.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead

of its terrors.

Let both sides try to use science to produce good and

beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.

6....each generation of Americans has been summoned to give

testimony to its national loyalty.

Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).

1.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration

of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.

今天我们庆祝的不是政党的胜利，而是自由的胜利，这胜利象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开端，意味着延续，也意味着变革。

2.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us as well or ill,

that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet ay hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.

让每个国家都知道——不论它盼望我们繁荣还是希望我们衰落——为确保自由的存在和自由的胜利，我们将付出任何代价，承受任何负担，应付任何艰难，支持任何朋友，反抗任何敌人。

3.We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms

are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

我们不敢从怯弱来引诱他们，只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军备威慑敌人时，我们才能确保这些军备永远不会被使用。

4.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest

the final success or failure of our course.

公民们，我们事业的最终成败与其说掌握在我手中，不如说掌握在你们手中。

5.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history

the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.

问心无愧是我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行动的最终裁判，让我们走向前去，引导我们所热爱的国家。我们祈求上帝的福佑和帮助，但我们知道，上帝在尘世的工作必须由我们自己努力去完成。

Lesson 5

1.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown

of the Victorian social structure...

The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.

2....they had outgrown towns and families...

These young people could no longer adapt to lives in their home towns or their families.

3.Something in the tension-ridden youth if American had to

“give”...

(Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.

4.Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its

unconventionality...

Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lives unconventional lives.

1.War or not war, as the generations passed, it became

increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.

无论是否发生战争，随着时代的辩护，我们的年轻一代越来越难以接受这类行为准则，因其与他们身处其中拼搏求胜的喧嚣的商业化社会格格不入。

2.Meanwhile, the true intellectuals were far from flattered.

与此同时，真正的知识分子对此现象非常不满。

3.Flaming diatribes poured from their pens denouncing the

materialism and what they considered to be the cultural boobery of our society.

于是，他们的笔猛烈地抨击这美国社会中的物质主义以及他们所认为的文化市侩。

4.In no sense a movement in itself, the “lost generation”

attitude nevertheless acted as s common denominator of the writing of the times.

“迷惘的一代”本身不是一场什么文学运动，但属于“迷惘的一代”的作家们的态度却构成了那个时代文学作品的共同特征。

Lesson 10

1.I don’t think that I could have made this reconciliation

here.

I don’t think I could have accepted in America my black

status without feeling ashamed.

2.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a

good actor, and in neither case feel threatened.

In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and functions in society. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their status.

3.I was born in New York, but have lives only in pockets of

it.

I was born in New York but have lived only in some small

arears of the city.

1.American’s history, her aspirations, her peculiar triumphs,

her even more peculiar defeats, and her position in the world—yesterday and today—are all so profoundly and stubbornly unique that the very word “America” remains a new, almost completely undefined and extremely controversial proper noun.

美国的历史，其远大志向，其独特的辉煌成就，还有她那更为独特的挫折失败，以及她在世界上的地位——不论是过去还是现在——都是那么深不可测而又无可更改地独一无二，以至于“美国”

这个词至今仍是一个新的、几乎是没有明确定义的、且具有极大争议性的专有名词。

2.The fact that I was the son of a slave and they were the sons

of free men meant less, by the time we confronted each other on European soil, than the fact that we were both searching for our separate identities.

当我们在欧洲大地上相遇时，我是奴隶的后代，而他们是自由人的子孙这种差异则不那么重要了，更重要的是我们都在努力探求

着各自的身份。

3.This perpetual dealing with people very different from

myself caused a shattering in me of preconceptions I scarcely knew I held.

同这些与我自己大小不相同的人不断交往，消除了我原本并没有意识到的一些偏见。

4.It is the day he realizes that there are no untroubled

countries in this fearfully troubled world; that if he has been preparing himself for anything in Europe, he had been preparing himself—for America.

就是在这一天，他终于认识到，在这个多灾多难的世界上并不存在什么太平乐土；如果说他一直为在欧洲承担什么重任而做思想准备的话，他实际上是在为美国而做思想准备。