中考英语真题专题汇编及详细答案 (4)

词形变换

一．填空题（共39小题）

1．（2016?淮安）Yang Jiang，a wellknown writer，went to England for further（far）study in 1935．

【解答】答案：further．结合句意是说杨绛去英国深造，更深层次的学习，用比较级，far 的比较级further强调深度，farther强调广度，指的是距离上更远，故答案是further．2．（2016?淮安）On Father's（father）Day，I often prepare a special gift for my father．【解答】答案：Father's．结合Day可知这里是在说节日，所给单词father是父亲的含义，故这里是表示父亲节，父亲的节日，用名词所有格father's父亲的，节日名词第一个字母要大写，故填Father's．

3．（2016?淮安）The young couple like kids very much and plan to have a second（two）baby．

【解答】答案：second．结合句意和前面的不定冠词a，是说计划再生一个孩子，也就是又一个孩子，故用序数词，two是基数词，second是序数词，故答案是second．4．（2016?淮安）根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空．

Dick decided to lose weight（weigh）by eating less and doing more exercise．

【解答】答案：weight

联系语境，根据关键词lose为动词，其后应该跟名词；结合提示词weigh为动词"称…的重量"，所以此处应用其名词形式weight"重量"，此处为固定短语lose weight"减肥"，带入句子其意义为"Dick 决定通过少吃和多运动来减肥"，符合意义及用法．故填写：weight 5．（2016?淮安）Not only the players but also the coach is（be）playing football now．【解答】答案：is

联系语境，根据关键部分Not only the players but also the coach 可知此处为not only…but also（不但…而且）连接了两个主语，这时谓语动词要和最近的主语（即but also后的主语）在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循"就近原则"；所以这里应根据the coach 去决定谓语动词的单复数；结合给出的提示词be及后面的playing及now可知此句的时态应为现在进行时，指正在踢球，其构成是am/is/are+现在分词；由于the coach为三单，所以此处应用单数is．故填写：is

6．（2016?淮安）Linda and her friends enjoyed themselves（they）on the Great Wall

yesterday．

【解答】答案：themselves

联系语境，根据关键词enjoyed并结合提示词they，可知此处应用固定短语enjoy oneself 来表达，意为"玩得高兴"；主语Linda and her friends为复数，所以空处应用they（她们）的反身代词themselves（她们自己）；句意为：Linda 和她的朋友们昨天在长城玩得很开心，符合句意及用法．故填：themselves

7．（2016?淮安）The old film that is often thought of brought（bring）us much happiness those days．

【解答】答案：brought

联系语境，并分析句子结构，可知that is often thought of 这一部分是定语从句，修饰先行词即主语The old film，意为"让我们经常想起的老电影"（此处使用了一般现在时的被动语态）；结合给出的动词bring（带来）可知空处应为句子的谓语；根据时间状语those days （那些日子）指已经是过去的事情，所以此句应用一般过去时表达，故动词bring应用其过去式为brought，意为"那些日子带给我们太多快乐"．故填写：brought 8．（2015?淮安）Please don't go swimming（swim）on your own．It's too dangerous．【解答】答案：swimming 根据所给词swim，可知这是动词．其前的go为动词．故swim 为非谓语动词．根据go+doing结构，可知此处需要固定短语go swimming（去游泳）．故答案为swimming．

9．（2015?淮安）The office worker catches（catch）the early bus to work every day．【解答】答案：catches 根据时间状语every day，可知本句时态为一般现在时（动词原形或动词的三单形式）．根据主语"the office worker"，可知这是第三人称单数，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式．catch是以ch结尾的，故要加es．故答案为catches．10．（2015?淮安）Emily's mother didn't allow her to watch her favorite programme Running Man and it made her unhappy（happy）．

【解答】答案：unhappy 根据所给词happy，可知这是形容词"高兴的"．made为使役动词，其后接形容词或不带to的不定式．根据Emily's mother didn't allow her to watch her favorite programme Running Man，可知and后的it指代妈妈不让她看最喜欢的电视这件事，可知这件事让她不高兴．不高兴为unhappy．故答案为unhappy．

11．（2015?淮安）Miss Green advised us to decorate a card for each other with those leaves （leaf）．

【解答】答案：leaves 根据其前的指示代词those，可知其后要接可数名词的复数形式．根据所给词leaf，可知此单词是以f结尾的．以f/fe结尾名词，复数通常变f/fe为v加es．如：shelf﹣shelves．故答案为leaves．

12．（2015?淮安）Little Edison is clever enough to learn paper﹣cutting by himself（he）．【解答】答案：himself 根据所给词he，可知此处所给的是人称代词．根据主语little Edison，可知此处的he与主语为同一人，teach oneself＝learn…by oneself 自学．故此处应用反身代词表示自学剪纸．故答案为himself．

13．（2015?淮安）It's important for us to use natural resources wisely﹣（wise）．【解答】答案：wisely 根据所给词wise，可知这是形容词"明智的"，形容词一般放在系动词之后，名词之前．故此处不使用形容词．根据use natural resources…可知，此空是修饰动词use，表示明智地使用．修饰动词要用副词．wise的副词形式为wisely，修饰动词use．故答案为wisely．

14．（2015?淮安）Peter and his wife live on the seventh/7th（seven）floor and they go up and down by lift．

【解答】答案：seventh/7th 根据live on the…floor中的floor，可知楼层为单数形式．且前面有定冠词the．所给词为基数词seven，基数词（大于一）后要接名词的复数形式．故此空不可以填基数词．数词除了基数词外还有序数词，序数词前要加the，且后面接名词的单数形式．符合题目中的条件，故此处需填序数词seventh或7th．故答案为seventh/7th 15．（2013?淮安）If it rains（rain）tomorrow，we won't go swimming．【解答】答案：rains

本句考查if引导的条件状语从句，在含有条件状语从句中的复合句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时表将来，一般现在时的构成是：主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式；且从句中主语it 是第三人称单数形式，再根据句意"如果明天下雨，我们就不去游泳了．"，故填rains．

16．（2013?淮安）These years，the air quality has become worse（bad）than before．【解答】答案：worse．

提示词bad是形容词，意为"差的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"这几年，空气质量状况比以前变差了．"，由于设空处单词有than，所以应填形容词比较级，故答案为：worse．

17．（2013?淮安）Chinese style road crossing is a bad habit and must be prevented（prevent）．

【解答】答案：prevented．

首先根据语境推测句意是："中国式过马路"是一个很坏的习惯，必须被阻止，主语Chinese style road crossing 是动作prevent 的承受者，确定用被动语态，设空处前面有情态动词must，说明本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态，其构成是：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词．故答案为：prevented

18．（2013?淮安）I'm glad to hear that my favourite singer（sing）has come to our city．【解答】答案：singer．

提示词sing是动词，意为"唱歌"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"听说我最喜欢的歌手来到我们城市我很开心．"，由于设空处单词放在形容词favourite后面，所以应填名词，且根据设空处后面的助动词has确定用名词单数，sing的名词形式是singer，故答案为：singer．

19．（2013?淮安）It's too dangerous for the young children to play near the river by themselves （they）．

【解答】答案：themselves．

提示词they是代词，意为"他们"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"那些小孩子们自己在河边玩太危险了．"，由于设空处单词前面有介词by，表达的意思是"他们自己"，构成短语by oneself，所以应填they的反身代词，故答案为：themselves．20．（2013?淮安）When the guest entered the hall，Mr White stood up and greeted him politely （polite）．

【解答】答案：politely．

提示词polite是形容词，意为"有礼貌的"，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为"当客人进入大厅的时候，怀特先生站起来礼貌地问候他．"，设空处的单词修饰动词greet 且意思是"礼貌地"，所以应填提示词的副词形式，故答案为：politely

21．（2013?淮安）Each year，thousands（thousand）of visitors come to Huai'an to enjoy Huaiyang food．

【解答】答案：thousands．

根据语境推测句意是"每年，成千上万的游客来到淮安享受淮阳美食．"thousand前面没有具体数词时，需要与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加﹣s．故填thousands．22．（2013?深圳）Father's Day is on the third（three）Sunday of June．【解答】答案：third 因为Sunday为单数，可知前面不可用基数词来修饰．其次the后要

用序数词．three的序数词为third．故答案为third．

23．（2013?深圳）根据句意用括号内所给词的适当形式填空．

The population in China is much larger（large）than that in Australia．

【解答】答案：larger 因为than为比较级的标志词，可知此处用比较级．large的比较级为larger，much用来修饰比较级．故答案为larger．

24．（2012?淮安）I haven't seen my grandma for a long time．I'm looking forward to visiting （visit）her soon．

【解答】答案：visiting；looking forward to，是固定短语，意为：期待做某事，后面跟动名词形式；根据句中的looking forward to可知应填动名词形式visiting；故填visiting．25．（2013?深圳）Peter and Simon enjoyed themselves（they）at the English party last night．【解答】答案：themselves 联系语境并根据关键词enjoyed及括号里的提示词可知，此处是考查固定短语enjoy oneself的用法．由于此句的主语为复数Peter and Simon，所以应用复数they的反身代词为themselves．故填写答案themselves．

26．（2013?深圳）We were discussing the details of the charity show when the teacher came （come）into the classroom．

【解答】答案：came 在英语中，when引导的从句的句型是：过去进行时+when+一般过去时，根据句中的关键词were discussing和when，可知此处come应用过去式，故填写：came．

27．（2013?深圳）Tom never does his homework as well（good）as his cousin．He makes

a lot of mistakes．

【解答】答案well 空格处有一个结构：as well/good as和…一样好，根据"Tom never does his homework"可知要用副词well修饰动词does，故填well．

28．（2013?深圳）At the exhibition，the little boy's invention（invent）attracted many IT engineers．

【解答】答案：invention 根据the little boy's﹣﹣名词所有格（小男孩的），后面需要一个名词形式，invent的名词形式是invention，故答案是invention

29．（2011?淮安）They are trying to do something to help（help）the old．【解答】答案：to help．根据something，可知在这里它是一个不定代词，后面的成分来修饰它的话，可以用to引导的动词不定式来表示，在这里表示目的．故填to help．30．（2011?淮安）Sally prefers staying at home to going（go）out on Sundays．

【解答】答案：going 根据句中的关键词prefers staying at home to…可知此句考查prefer A to B的固定用法，意为A和B比起来更喜欢A；由于此句prefer的后面跟了动名词staying，所以根据其用法规则，后面也要用和前面相对称的动名词；根据括号里的应填词go，可知这里应用其动名词形式为going．故填写going．

31．（2011?淮安）How is your uncle？Please say hello to him（he）for me．【解答】答案：him．根据短语say hello to，其中to为介词，介词后人称代词需用宾格形式，he的宾格为him，故填him．

32．（2011?淮安）Nancy is too young to look after herself（she）．Don't leave her alone．【解答】答案：herself．根据too young，可知年龄太小了，自己不能照顾好自己．照顾自己的英语说法是look after oneself，即look after后面跟反身代词．所使用的反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致．，Nancy 是个女孩，在这里应该用herself．故填herself．

33．（2011?淮安）Recently the drought（干旱）is serious in the southern（south）part of China．

【解答】答案：southern 根据part（部分）可知其前需要形容词来修饰．所给的词south 为名词．其形容词形式为southern．故答案为：southern

34．（2011?淮安）Today most students can go to high school for further education（educate）in our country．

【解答】答案：education．根据句意for further"进行进一步"判断其后不能为动词"教育"

而应为对应名词"教育"即education，且education作为抽象名词教育，为不可数名词，无复数形式，故此处填education．

35．（2011?淮安）We're doing a lot of activities to celebrate the ninetieth（ninety）birthday of the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）this year．

【解答】答案：ninetieth 根据to celebrate the___（ninety）birthday of the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）this year．来庆祝中国共产党第九十岁生日．九十岁生日，即第九十个生日，可知应该用序数词，故填ninetieth．

36．（2010?淮安）Miss Xu smiled and said to me softly（soft），"Never mind，my boy!"

【解答】答案：softly 括号提示"soft"为"柔软/轻轻"的形容词，而空格前有"said"（say的过去式，解释为说），需要用副词来修饰，所以"soft"必须转换成副词来修饰"said"，字尾加ly即可，故答案为softly．

37．（2010?淮安）This pretty card belongs to my father as Father's（father）Day is coming．【解答】答案：Father's 括号提示"father"为"爸爸"的名词，依照前半句的"father"以及题意可以得知该特殊节日为"父亲节"，而括号的"father"必须转换成名词所有格，因为空格后有"Day"（节日）的名词，且父亲节为特定节日，"father"必须大写．综合以上，答案为"Father's"．

38．（2010?淮安）I think China is one of the most active countries（country）in the world market．

【解答】答案：countries 括号提示"country"为"国家"的名词，再依照题干中的"China"可以确定空格为"国家"的名词，而空格前有"one of+最高级+sth．"解释为"最…之一"，在本题表示为"众多最活跃的国家之一"，后要跟名词的复数形式，故"country"必须做复数变化，字尾去y加ies，故答案为countries．

39．（2010?淮安）It is harmful（harm）for you to read newspapers in the sun．【解答】答案：harmful 括号提示"harm"为"伤害"的名词，且有句型"It is adj．for sb．"

（对sb来说是adj．），配合题意"阳光下读报"可以确定空格为"伤害"的形容词．名词转形容词在字尾加ful，故答案为"harmful"．

二．词汇应用（共21小题）

40．（2018?淮安）On rainy（rain）days，the traffic is heavier than usual．【解答】根据给出的英语提示，以及空格后面的词语是名词，所以要用形容词来填空，因此可知这句话的意思是"在下雨的日子里，交通要比平时更繁忙一些．"

故填rainy．

41．（2018?淮安）Man can′t live without（with）air or water．

【解答】根据"Man can′t live"以及" air or water"结合给出的英语提示，因此可知这句话的意思是"人类没有空气和水的话就不能生存．"

故填without．

42．（2018?淮安）Come on，Sam．Believe in yourself（you）．You can work out the problem on your own．

【解答】根据Come on，Sam．Belived in﹣﹣（you）．You can work out the problem on your own．可知这里考查believe in oneself表示相信自己，从Sam，判断这里用单数形式．故填yourself．

43．（2018?淮安）You look very tired．Why not take（take）a rest？

【解答】根据Why not﹣﹣（take）a rest？可知句子考查why not do sth表示为什么不做某事．

故填take．

44．（2018?淮安）Robinson Crusoe（《鲁滨逊漂流记》）by Daniel Defoe is widely（wide）read by teenagers in our city．

【解答】根据Robinson Crusoe（《鲁滨逊漂流记》）by Daniel Defoe is﹣﹣（wide）read by teenagers in our city，可知这里修饰动词用副词形式．

故填widely．

45．（2018?淮安）The two presidents'（president）wives also took part in the chairty show．【解答】根据The two﹣﹣（president）wives also took part in the chairty show，可知这里two后面跟名词复数，在这里修饰名词用所有格形式．

故填presidents'．

46．（2018?淮安）He tried all the ways he could think of to protect（protect）himself against all possible dangers．

【解答】根据He tried all the ways he could think of﹣﹣（protect）himself against all possible dangers．可知这里用to引导的不定式短语表目的．

故填to protect．

47．（2017?淮安）根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空

Huai'an is a city with a long history and it lies in the east of China（Chinese）．

【解答】根据Huai'an is a city with a long history and it lies in the east of﹣﹣（Chinese）．这里放在of后面跟名词形式，表示中国．

故填China．

48．（2017?淮安）Peter got a model ship from his uncle on his tenth（ten）birthday．【解答】根据Peter got a model ship from his uncle on his﹣﹣（ten）birthday．可知这里表示过几岁生日，用序数词形式．

49．（2017?淮安）Zheng Chenggong is one of the national heroes（hero）in our country．We are proud of him

【解答】根据Zheng Chenggong is one of the national﹣﹣（hero）in our country．We are proud of him，可知这里考查one of+形容词的最高级+名词复数表示…中最…的一个．故填heroes．

50．（2017?淮安）The little boy was careful（care）enough to come first in the exam 【解答】根据The little boy was﹣﹣（care）enough to come first in the exam，可知这里放在was后面用形容词形式．

故填careful．

51．（2017?淮安）Don't swim（not swim）in the river．It's not safe

【解答】根据﹣﹣（not swim）in the river．It's not safe，可知句子无主语，是一个祈使句，以动词原形开头，否定形式在句首加don't．

故填don't swim．

52．（2017?淮安）The player's（player）cap is really cool and I like it very much 【解答】根据The﹣﹣（player）cap is really cool and I like it very much，可知这里修饰名词用所有格形式，cap使用单数形式，前面的名词应该是单数形式．53．（2017?淮安）At weekends，my sister often learns English by herself（she）【解答】根据At weekends，my sister often learns English by﹣﹣（she）可知这里考查by oneself表示独自．

故填herself．

54．（2014?淮安）It's impossible（possible）to finish the job in such a short time．We need two more days．

【解答】答案：impossible．根据"we need two more days"可知说话者在规定的时间里是不可能完成工作的．故填impossible．

55．（2014?淮安）Now people hope to eat healthily and begin to care about the safety（safe）of food．

【解答】答案：safety．根据空格前面有定冠词the，可知应填一个名词．所给词safe是形容词，故填safety．

56．（2014?淮安）They are looking forward to winning（win）the first prize in the coming competition．

【解答】答案：winning．该题考查动词win的用法；句子中的looking forward to是固定短语，希望、盼望；其中to是介词，后面要用名词或动名词形式；故填winning．57．（2014?淮安）Which do you think is more interesting（interesting），going on a picnic or going fishing？

【解答】答案：more interesting．根据going on a picnic or going fishing （去野餐还是去

钓鱼），可知属于两者比较，应用比较级；又知interesting是多音节词，比较级前应加more．故应填more interesting．

58．（2014?淮安）Follow that doctor's（doctor）advice and you will get better soon．【解答】答案：doctor's．根据句意和句子结构，句中advice与doctor应是所属关系，故doctor应用所有格．故填doctor's

59．（2014?淮安）It's reported that some wild animals are facing（face）the danger of dying out now．

【解答】根据now可知这个句子应该用现在进行时，现在进行时一般由be+V﹣ing构成．故填are facing．

60．（2014?淮安）I can't understand your suggestion．Would you mind explaining it more clearly （clear）？

【解答】答案：more clearly．根据I can't understand your suggestion．可知已经解释了一次建议，所以再一次更加清楚地解释应该用比较级，在这里修饰动explaining应该用副词，而clear的副词形式是在词尾加ly，而clearly的比较级是加more 构成的．故填more clearly