新托福考试中,推论类问题(Inference Questions)是必考的题型,题量不是很多,通常每篇文章1-2个左右。具体
新托福考试中，推论类问题(Inference Questions)是必考的题型，题量不是很多，通常每篇文章1-2个左右。具体了解一下这种题型及其解题方法。
问题形式
这类问题主要考察考生对文章中一个观点或立场的理解程度，而这种观点或立场是作者在文章中强烈暗示但并没有明确阐明的。比如说，如果文章陈述了一个事件的结果，那么推论类问题就很可能问考生其原因是什么;如果文章出现对比，那么此类问题就可能问考生其对比的基础是什么。
注意：解答此类问题时，考生不仅需要理解作者所写出句子的字面意思，还必须搞清楚这些句子之间的逻辑性暗示。正确答案一定是从文章已给出的内容中推论出来的。
这种题目的提问方式通常为：
推论类问题的题干中通常会出现infer、suggest或者imply这类词汇。
★Which of the following can be inferred about X?
★The author of the passage implies that X…
★Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?
解题步骤
1. 读题干，确定问题类型
2. 选择问题中的关键词或关键短语作为定位信息
3. 浏览指定段落，利用定位信息确定原文中的对应内容
4. 仔细阅读并且理解原文中的对应内容，直接确定答案或者利用排除法确定答案。
注意：错误选项通常为
★不被文中所给出或暗示的信息所支持
★重复文章中信息但没有回答问题
★过于笼统或模糊
★不真实、不准确
★与文章不相关或者没有被提及
解题范例
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas where considerable soil still remains, through, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about the future of desertification?
○ Governments will act quickly to control further desertification.
○ The factors influencin g desertification occur in cycles and will change in the future.
● Desertification will continue to increase.
○ Desertification will soon occur in all areas of the world.
解析：根据题目中的"infer"一词，我们可以断定此题为推论类问题。接下来读题干，可以确定定位信息应该为the future of desertification。在文章中定位，考生们可以找到对应信息为"In areas where considerable soil still remains, through, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface."仔细阅读该信息，考生们会发现，根据原文对应的信
息无法明确确定作者的态度，因此我们需要用排除法来解题。根据原文对应信息，第一个选项中的内容没有被原文提及，因此为错误选项;第二个选项中的内容也未被原文提及，为错误选项;第四个选项内容在原文中也没有被提及，为错误选项;因此利用排除法，我们可以断定第三个选项为正确选项。
Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethy Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hint leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foof-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
It can be inferred that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following location?
○ On land
○ Both on land and at sea
○ In shallow water
● In a marine environment
解析：根据题目中的"infer"一词，我们可以断定此题为推论类问题。接下来读题干，可
以确定定位信息应该为Basilosaurus。利用该词在文中定位，可以确定文章中对应信息为
"Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethy Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hint leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the
50-foof-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs."仔细阅读此信息，尤其是"Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs"我们可以推论出Basilosaurus完全是一种海洋鲸鱼，它无法在陆地生活，因此答案可以确定为第四个选项In a marine environment。
Before 1915 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craftworkers, they imparted the knowledge or their trades to apprentices and journeymen. In addition, women often worked in their homes partime, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1985 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about articles manufactured before 1815?
○ They were primarily produced by women.
○ They were generally produced in shops rather than in homes.
● They were produced with more concern for quality than for speed of production.
○ They were produced mostly in large cities with extensive transportation networks.
美联英语学习网为您解析：根据题目中的"infer"一词，我们可以断定此题为推论类问题。接下来读题干，可以确定定位信息为articles manufactured before 1815。利用该信息在文章中定位，我们能够定位到以上段落中的信息。在该段落中，作者把1815年前的加工形式和1815年后的做了对比，但是根据该段落中提供的1815年前的信息，我们无法直接准确
确定答案，因此也需要用到排除法。根据段落中提供的1815年前的信息，我们可以确定第一个选项和第二个选项的内容在文章中未提及;而根据段落中提供的1815年后的信息我们则可以确定第四个选项的内容不真实，不准确，因此为错误选项;而如果我们把段落中的"Before 1915 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans."和"After 1985 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers"做对比，就可以推论出第三个选项为正确选项。
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托福阅读推理题中那些“逆向推理”
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https://www.360docs.net/doc/df14927328.html, 托福阅读陷阱：辨别信息真伪 托福iBT阅读考查的一个重点是理解基本信息及合理推断的能力，要能够辨别信息的真伪以及是否在原文中出现过，这就为我们分析选项提供了思路，大家熟知的选项设置包括有悖原意（讲错了）和无中生有（没讲的）。事实上，多数小盆友往往忽略了另外一种选项设置，即和题干不相关的选项。这是托福阅读比较特别的地方，不仅追求选项的正确性，也追求选项和题干的关联。换句话说，一个选项，如果在原文定位区间内讲了，也讲对了，但答非所问，对不起，这个选项是错误的。我们来举个例子： 例如： The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus ○ Lived later than Ambulocetus natans ○ Lived at the same time as Pakicetus ○ Was able to swim well ○ Could not have walked on land Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs. An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans (“the walking whale that swam”) lived in the Tethys Sea 49 mi llion years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus…. 这是一道事实信息题，根据题干中的关键词hind leg和Basilosaurus，本着“快、准、狠”的原则，找到定位句Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. （这样的后肢太小了以至于不能支撑Basilosaurus在陆地上活动），和选项做一个对照，发现D是对定位句的同义改写，这样就可以直接选出正确答案D。 然后我们以胜利者的姿态来看一下A选项，根据原文小盆友们可以知道这个选项有提到，说法也正确（Ambulocetus natans...lived…9 million before Basilosaurus），但为什么不选呢？再来看下题干：Basilosaurus的后肢是个重要的发现（a significant find）因为它的后肢揭示出什么？A选项中说Basilosaurus晚于Ambulocetus natans，这和它的后肢是重要发现无关，所以是错误选项。 更多有关托福知识技巧请看外朗教育官网：https://www.360docs.net/doc/df14927328.html,
托福阅读推断题
1, How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán’s geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley’s potential for extensive irrigation灌溉冲洗. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance, Teotihuacán’s religious significance as a shrine圣地, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuit y and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions 火山喷发of the late first millennium B.C.如此惊人的发展是如何产生的，它为什么发生在Teotihuacán山谷？主要因素有：Teotihuacán地理位置处于到墨西哥谷东南部的天然商路上；Teotihuacán谷本身的黑曜石资源；山谷的大量灌溉的潜力。要想说清楚其他因素所扮演的角色就难的多了——比如，Teotihuacán作为圣地的宗教意义；墨西哥谷及周边直到公元前第一个千年的历史情况；Teotihuacán精英阶层的3远见；最后还有自然灾害的影响，诸如公元前一千年的火山喷发。 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about the Volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.?以volcanic eruptions of the late firsr millennium B.C. ○They were more frequent than historians once thought. ○They may have done more damage to Teotihuacán than to neighboring centers. ○They may have played a major role in the rise of Teotihuacán. ○They incr eased the need for extensive irrigation in the Teotihuacán Valley 做关键词定位至第二段最后一句，这个是诸多factor当中的一个，而这些factor 都是促进T城发展的，所以答案是C。也可以排除法，A无相关信息；第三段第三句说火山对T影响很大，没跟其他的比较，B错；第二段第二句说到了irrigation，但与问题无关，错 This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in T eotihuacán’s rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotiluacan was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D. 最后一个因素至少从环境上与Teotihuacán古城的崛起有牵连。在公元前200年之前，有很多相对的小的中心共存于墨西哥谷及附近。大约在此时，这些中心中的最大者，Cuicuilco，受到了一次火山喷发的严重影响，它的大部分耕地被火山熔岩所覆盖。伴随着Cuicuilco作为一个潜在对手的消失，任何一个相对较小的城镇都有可能在中央墨西哥形成领导性的经济政治力量。尽管考古学证据清晰地表明Teotiluacan确实在公元1世纪成长为这一地区的主要力量。 【TPO-8 (1) 6# 7#】 What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about Cuicuilco prior to 200 B.C.? ○It was a fairly small city until that date. ○It was located outside the Valley of Mexic o. ○It emerged rapidly as an economical and political center.