外文翻译---数字化矿山建设(部分)
外文翻译---数字化矿山建设（部分)
附录
Digital mining construction（Part）
The introduction :
Since the former vice President al gore in January 1998, in "digital earth: how to understand our planet in the 21st century" speech, first put forward the concept of digital earth and its framework, concept and practice of digital distributed in various specific industries and fields, the digital information technology is becoming more and more profoundly affects the development of human society. According to the national "tenth five-year plan of the enterprise information requirement, must use informationization impetus to the development of traditional companies such as mine .
GIS (Geographic Information System) is used for acquisition, modeling, processing, retrieval, analysis and expression of geospatial data in the computer Information System, spatial Information description, storage, analysis and output of the theory and method of a new cross subject. ? based on GIS platform.
1.1 The mine informationization present situation analysis in our country
In recent years, our country mining industry informatization construction, although a larger development, but the overall situation is still not optimistic. In mine surveying, planning, design, production and management informatization, the gap with developed countries is more and more big. As mine mine didn't put the information resources in one of the important strategic resources to plan as a whole development and comprehensive utilization of information resources to form more without adequate, stable performance of the system of the mine information infrastructure. In general the following problems:
1.1.1 Mine informatization overall level is low
Our country is a big mining, mining industry is a labor-intensive industry, informationization level is low. In addition to a small number of mining enterprises have advanced a variety of information management system, most of mine is still in the early stages of information management, is not very good use of information technology to promote the development of the enterprise, the lack of overall planning, resulting in the mining enterprises in the level of no good computer network infrastructure, no sharing of the network information data, also makes the mining enterprises in front of the knowledge economy dominated by information no advantage .
1.2.1 Most of enterprises focusing on hardware investment, has neglected the development, management and application of the software
Most of the enterprise did not establish suitable for mining basic information database for the development of enterprises, the lack of perfect study coal mine spatial information system, the reserves of resources management system and the 3 d geological model of system, etc., not formed a perfect mining software system.
1.3.1 Insufficient understanding of modern information technology
Although the understanding of information mining enterprises compared with the past has improved to a certain extent, but with the national information construction requirements to use information technology lead to the development of traditional companies such as mine has bigger gap. On the informatization construction, each also vary widely in mines, only someone who has a good efficiency, large scale, market concept and a strong sense of modern management of large and medium-sized mining enterprises of information demand is relatively strong .
1.4.1 The imperfection of the information resources management
At present, part of the existing enterprise though have opened internal communication network, but the vast majority of enterprise web site is just a simple expansion of network, did not make full use of network to carry on the deep information resources development, the lack of sharing and networking of
information resources, can't make the enterprise internal and effective information communication between enterprise and customer, directly affects the survival and development of the enterprise.
2.1 the concept and function of the DM system research
2.1.1 The meaning of DM
DM is built on a digitalization, informatization, and on the basis of the virtualization and integration of pipe, control integration network management system by computer. It integrated production, management, management, environment, resources, all sorts of elements such as safety and efficiency, make enterprise in implementing green mining under the condition of the overall coordination, to increase mining enterprises in the market competition ability and the ability to adapt, with the ultimate goal is to achieve the height of the mine informatization, automation and high efficiency.
2.2 .1 DM characteristics
DM has the following six characteristics:
1. Shall have complete enterprise data transmission network. DM construction of huge amounts of data, the model of management, application and sharing is to through the network, it is need to build a broadband, high speed and two-way communication network platform, to ensure that data in mining enterprises inside and outside of high-speed transmission, for mining products, management of social information on the Internet fast delivery, easy to mine public sharing of information and the product market of the real time operation.
2. Possess a complete mining and mining information database application model, the core of the digital mine is a data warehouse. Spatio-temporal data warehouse application model, mining and other core system to manage the mining features of geometry information, topology information and attribute information, the management of the mining engineering, design, production, decision-making service and other important links, such as: design, calculation of reserves and mining subsidence extent of gas accumulation model, etc.
3. True 3 d geoscience analog (Internet), all kinds of data mining tools packaging systems; 3 Internet and data mining to "huge amounts of data in data warehouse and model" with the model, carries on the data and model of the filter and restructuring.
4. Measurement (including digital photography, GPS, geodesy and downhole conventional measurement), geophysics exploration, remote sensing technology for comprehensive means to build accurate and comprehensive mine comprehensive information system for data acquisition and updating.
5. In mining CAD (the direction of MCAD), virtual reality (VR) and simulation (CS), scientific computing (SC) and visual (v), office automation, highly integrated many technologies such as . Mining CAD, virtual reality, simulation, scientific computing and visualization system, not only to various operation conditions of mine inoue 3 d simulation, but also to the underground geological distribution, formation of accurate simulation and virtual analysis can also be for the miners for virtual operation under downhole conditions training, improve their security consciousness and work efficiency.
6. Established mine GIS system. MGIS as modern mine informatization office and decision-making of public platform, as all kinds of mining software integration and public carrier of all kinds of model integration, plays a decisive role in the whole process of mining operations. DM MGIS system facing the 21st century should be an organization that can provide mining with mine information management, mining simulation, spatial analysis and visual decision support system of true 3 d GIS.
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5.1 Conclusion
Mines in our country has experienced the transition from planned economy to market economy, to now although there is a certain degree of development, but also must clearly realize the existing problems, and DM construction with
the developed countries there is a huge gap. Due to the dynamics and complexity of coal mining production process, the DM's construction will certainly is a complex and long-term system engineering. Should actively promote modern information technology in the application of digital mine construction in our country, make full use of the GIS platform, accelerate the construction of DM based on GIS technology, dissolve the mining process of high risk and high risk factors, to carry out the resources development policy of our country, retain the resources development of our country has entered a virtuous circle of sustainable development, so as to improve our country mining on the international competition
数字化矿山建设（部分)
引言
自美国前副总统戈尔于1998年1月在“数字地球：21世纪如何认识我们的星球”的演讲中首次提出数字化地球的概念及其框架以来，数字化的概念和实践陆续出现在各个具体的产业和领域中，数字化信息技术也越来越深刻地影响着人类社会的发展。根据国家“十五”计划对企业信息化的要求，要利用信息化带动矿山等传统企业的发展。
GIS(Geographic Information System)是用于采集、模拟、处理、检索、分析和表达地理空间数据的计算机信息系统，是描述、存储、分析和输出空间信息的理论和方法的一门新兴的交叉学科。以GIS为平台，构建数字矿山DM （Digital Mine）是对所有与矿山有关的数据信息进行数字化，可以实现信息处理、检索、输出的自动化、可视化、与地理关系的一体化，以便矿山进行计算机辅助设计、矿产资源预测和矿山生产的动态管理等，以达到充分合理开发利用资源，谋求矿山开发的最佳社会经济效益和环境效益的目的。
1.1 我国矿山信息化现状分析
近年来，我国矿山行业的信息化建设虽然有了较大发展，但总体状况仍然很不容乐观。在矿山勘察、规划、设计、生产、管理等信息化领域，与发达国家的差距越来越大。我国矿山没有把信息资源当作矿山的重要战略资源之一加以统筹开发与综合利用，更没有形成信息资源充足、系统性能稳定的矿山信息基础设施。总体来说存在以下问题：
1.1.1 矿山信息化总体水平较低
我国是一个矿业大国，矿山行业是劳动密集型行业，信息化程度很低。除了少部分矿山企业有较先进的各种信息管理系统外，大部分矿山尚处于信息管理的初级阶段，没有很好地利用信息技术促进企业的发展，缺乏统筹规划，从而导致这个层次上的矿山企业没有较好的计算机网络设施，没有共享的网络信息数据，也就使这类矿山企业在以信息为主导的知识经济面前没有优势可言。
1.2.1 大部分企业只注重硬件投资，忽视了软件的开发、管理与应用
大部分企业没有建立适合企业生产发展的矿山基础信息数据库，缺乏完善的地学煤矿空间信息系统、储量资源管理系统及三维地质模型系统等，没有形成一个完善的矿山软件体系。
1.3 .1对现代信息化认识不足
虽然矿山企业对信息化的认识与以往相比有了一定程度的提高，但与国家信息化建设要求的要利用信息化带动矿山等传统企业的发展尚有较大差距。在信息化项目建设上，各个矿山也相差很大，仅有那些效益好、规模大，市场观念和现代管理意识强的大中型矿山企业对信息化需求较为强烈。
1.4.1信息资源管理不够完善
目前，已有一部分企业虽然已经开通了企业内部通信网络，但绝大多数企业网站仅仅是网络的简单扩充上，并没有充分利用网络进行深层次的信息资源开发，缺乏共享的、网络化的信息资源，不能使企业内部及企业与客户之间的进行有效地信息沟通，直接影响企业的生存与发展。
2.1DM的理念及功能体系研究
2.1.1DM的涵义
DM是建立在数字化、信息化、虚拟化和集成化基础上的，由计算机网络管理的管、控一体化系统。它综合生产、经营、管理、环境、资源、安全与效益等各种因素，使企业在实施绿色采矿的条件下实现整体协调优化，以增强矿山企业在市场中的竞争能力和适应能力，其最终目标是实现矿山的高度信息化、自动化与高效率。
2.2.1 DM基本特点
DM具有以下六大特征：
1.应具备完善的企业数据传输网络。DM建设中的各种海量数据、模型的管理、应用与共享是通过网络来进行的，这就需要建立一个宽带、高速和双向的通讯网络平台，确保数据在矿山企业内外的高速传输，以利于矿山产品、经营等社会化信息在网上的快速传递，便于矿山信息的公众共享和产品市场的实时运作。
2.具备完整的矿业信息数据库及矿业应用模型，数字矿山的核心就是数据仓库。时空数据仓库、矿业应用模型等核心系统能够管理着矿山地物的几何信息、拓扑信息和属性信息，管理着矿山工程、设计、生产、决策服务等重要环节，如：矿山开采沉陷设计、储量计算、瓦斯聚集程度模型等。
3.真三维地学模拟(3DGM)、各类数据挖掘工具等包装系统；3DGM和数据挖掘对“数据与模型仓库”中的海量数据与模型，进行数据与模型的过滤和重组。
4.以测量(包括数字摄影测量、GPS、大地测量及井下常规测量)、地球物理探测、遥感技术为综合手段来建立精确、全面的矿山综合信息数据采集与更新系统。
5.以采矿CAD(MCAD)、虚拟现实(VR)、仿真(CS)、科学计算(SC)、可视化(VS)、办公自动化等多技术高度集成。采矿CAD、虚拟现实、仿真、科学计算、可视化等系统，不仅能够对矿山井上的各种作业条件进行3D模拟，而且可以对井下的地质、地层分布情况进行准确的模拟与虚拟分析，还可以对即将下井作业的矿工进行虚拟的井下条件培训，提高他们的安全意识和工作效率。
6.建立完善的矿山GIS系统。MGIS作为现代矿山信息化办公与决策的公共平台，作为各类矿山软件集成和各类模型融合的公共载体，在矿山业务的全过程中起着决定性作用。面向21世纪DM的MGIS系统应该是一个能为采矿业提供矿山信息组织管理、采矿模拟、空间分析与可视决策支持的真三维GIS系统。
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5.1结束语
我国矿山经历了从计划经济到市场经济的转变，到现在虽然有了一定程度的发展，但还必须清醒地认识到现存的问题，以及与发达国家的DM建设存在
的巨大差距。由于煤矿生产作业流程的动态性与复杂性，DM的建设必将是一个复杂的、长期的系统工程。应积极推广当代信息化技术在我国数字矿山建设中的应用，充分利用GIS平台，加快基于GIS技术的DM建设，化解矿山开采过程中的高风险、高危害因素，落实我国的资源开发政策，力保使我国资源开发进入一个可持续发展的良性循环，从而提高我国矿山在国际上的竞争力。