计算机网络名词中英翻译

计算机网络名词中英翻译
计算机网络名词中英翻译

计算机网络名词中英翻译

【计算机专业文献翻译】计算机网络

附录1英文及其译文 Computer Networks Network Goals Some reasons are causing centralized computer systems to give way to networks. The first one is that many organizations already have a substantial number of computers in operation, often located far apart .Initially, each of these computers may have worked in isolation from the other ones, but at a certain time, and management may have decided to connect them to be able to correlate information about the entire organization. Generally speaking, the goal is to make all programs, data, and other resources available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user. The second one is to provider high reliability by having alternative sources of supply. With a network, the temporary loss of a single computer is much less serious, because its users can often be accommodated elsewhere until the service is restored. Another important reason for distributing computing power has to do with the relative price of computing versus communication. Now the cost of a small computer is negligible, so it becomes attractive to analyze the data at where it is captured, and only to send occasional summaries back to the computer center, to reduce the communication cost, which now represents a larger percentage of the total cost than it used to. Yet another reason of setting up a computer network is that a computer network can provider a powerful communication medium among widely separated people. Application of Networks One of the main areas of potential network use is access to remote data bases. It may someday be easy for people sitting at their terminals

英汉词语比较与翻译

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计算机网络新技术外文翻译文献

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1.前言 互联网满36岁,仍然是一个进展中的工作。36年后在加州大学洛杉矶分校的计算机科学家使用15英尺的灰色电缆连接两台笨重的电脑,测试了一种在网络上新的数据交换的方式,这将最终成为互联网依然是一个在取得进展的工作。 大学的研究人员正在试验如何提高网络容量和速度。编程人员正在设法为网页注入更多的智能。并正在进行重新设计网络以减少垃圾邮件(垃圾邮件)和安全麻烦的工作。 与此同时威胁织机:批评人士警告说,商业,法律和政治压力可能会阻碍一些使互联网发展到今天的创新的类型。 斯蒂芬克罗克和温顿瑟夫属于1969年9月2日研究生加入的加州大学洛杉矶分校斯莱昂兰罗克教授工程实验室的团体,作为位无意义的测试数据两台计算机之间默默流动。到第二年的1月,其他三个“节点”加入到了这个网络。 然后是电子邮箱,几年之后,在七十年代后期一个所谓的核心通信协议即TCP / IP 协议,在80年代域名系统和在1990年万维网-现在的第二个最流行的应用背后电子邮件出现了。互联网的扩大,超出其最初的军事和教育领域延伸到了企业和全球的家庭中。 今天,克罗克仍然为互联网工作,为协作设计更好的工具。作为互联网管理机构的安全委员会主席,他正试图保卫系统的核心处理免受来自外部的威胁。 他认识到,他帮助建立的互联网工作远未完成,而这些改变是在商店,以满足多媒体日益增长的需求。网络供应商现唯一的“最佳努力”是在提供的数据包上。克罗克说,需要有更好的保障,以防止跳过和过滤现在常见的视频。 瑟夫,现在在MCI公司说,他希望他建立了有内置安全的互联网。微软,雅虎和美国在线公司,和其他的一些,目前正在努力改进网络,使邮件发送者可以验证的方式发送以降低使用虚假地址发送垃圾邮件。 瑟夫说,现在正在制定许多功能,是不可能立即解决计算速度慢和互联网管道窄,或

英汉词汇的文化差异及翻译

龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/e06986571.html, 英汉词汇的文化差异及翻译 作者:徐洁 来源:《新一代》2011年第03期 摘要:文化差异是造成翻译困难的重要原因,而词汇作为构成语言的最小单位,它所表 现出来的文化差异对翻译的成功有着重要影响。本文从词汇的指称意义和语用意义来探讨英汉文化的差异以及如何采取灵活的翻译手法,尽可能减少文化亏损,全面传达词汇的文化含义。 关键词:词汇;文化差异;指称意义;语用意义 中图分类号:G640 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-2851(2011)03-0185-02 翻译是译者对所认识的事物的再认识和再表达,这种再认识和再表达常常是从不同的角度,按照译语民族的习惯方式进行的,所以说翻译不仅仅是语言的转换过程,同时也是文化的移植过程,文化的差异必定造成翻译的困难。王佐良先生曾经说过:“翻译的最大困难就是两 种文化的不同。”(1989)因此,解决好翻译中的文化差异问题是保证译作成功的关键。本文拟从词汇的指称意义和语用意义来看英汉文化的差异及差异在翻译中的补偿。 一、英汉词汇层上的跨文化差异 (一)指称意义上的文化差异 词的指称意义即语言交际中所表达出来的词语的最基本的意义,也就是词的确切和字面的意思。由于客观事物本身的差异和人们在对客观事物做出反映和概括时,始终都受到本民族文化的影响,这种反映或概括就在不同的语言上表现出差异。 1.原语中的指称对象在译语文化中不存在或不常见。 英语中的一些词汇,如hot dog,hippy,fairplay,等都是汉语文化中没有的词汇,而汉语中的“天干”、“地支”、“楷书”、“赤脚医生”等也无法在英语中找到对应的词。(刘川,段跃萍,1998) 2.原语文化在概念上加以明确区分的实体,译语文化不加区分;或反之。 一种语言用单个词语明确标记的东西,另一种语言却可能兜圈子才能表述。文化重点(cultural load)直接影响着语言词汇的多寡,特化程度和分化程度。 亲属称谓是语言反映文化的一个突出例证。例如,在英语中的brother是“兄”或“弟”,sister是“姐”或“妹”,汉语中没有一个字与brother或sister完全相等。在我们的文化中严格区别

翻译的英语单词

翻译的英语单词 翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上,把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。翻译是将一种相对陌生的表达方式,转换成相对熟悉的表达方式的过程。那么你知道翻译的英语单词是什么吗?下面来学习一下吧。 翻译英语单词1: translate 翻译英语单词2: interpreter 翻译的英语例句: 女孩们等待埃施先生作翻译。 The girls waited for Mr Esch to translate. 人们很难翻译幽默或笑话。 You really can 't translate humor or jokes. 逐字翻译不一定最接近原义。 A literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning. 我认为她对这篇文章的翻译要比他强的多。 I think her translation of the article is much better than his. 你能把这句话翻译成英语吗?

Can you translate the sentence into English? 我不太满意他对这个句子的翻译。 I'm not satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence. 我正在逐字的翻译。 I am making a verbal translation. 我给你当翻译。 I'll act as interpreter for you. 要不要我来帮你翻译? Would you like me to interpret for you? 被翻译成英语的爱尔兰童话故事 Irish fairytales that had been translated into English 在你们的合同中已订定有可能要翻译这本书。 The possibility of the book being translated is provided for in your contract. 受控语言加机器翻译就是受控翻译。 Machine translation plus controlled language is called controlled translation. 这部书已经翻译成多种语言。 This book has been translated into several languages. 翻译诗歌在许多情况下都是困难的。 It's often difficult to translate poems.

计算机网络专业词汇中英对照

《计算机网络》中英文对照 Chapter 1 End system P28 端系统 Modem P29 调制解调器(俗称:猫) Base station P29 基站 Communication link P30 通信链路 Physical media P30 物理介质 Coaxial cable P30 同轴电缆 Fiber optics P30 光纤 Radio spectrum P30 射频频谱 Transmission rate P30 传输速率 Packets P30 (数据)包,或分组 Routers P30 路由器 Link-layer switches P30 链路层交换机 Path P30 路径 ISP (Internet Service Provider) P30 网络服务提供商 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) P31 传输控制协议 IP ( Internet Protocol) P31 网际协议 Intranets P31 内网 API (Application Programming Interface) P32 应用程序编程接口Network edge P35 网络边缘 Access Networks P38 接入网 Ethernet P42 以太网 Network core P48 网络核心 Circuit Switching P50 电路转换 Packet Switching 分组交换 FDM (frequency-division multiplexing) P50 频分多路复用 TDM (time-division multiplexing) P50 时分多路复用 Statistical Multiplexing 统计复用 Store-and-forward 存储转发 Queuing delays P53 排队延迟 Transmission delay P60 传输延迟,或发送延迟 Propagation delay P60 传播延迟 Throughput P59 吞吐量 Internet backbone P57 骨干网 Delay P59 延迟,或时延 Loss P59 丢包 Packet-Switched Network P59 分组交换网络 Nodal processing delay P60 节点处理延迟 End-to-end delay P66 端到端延迟 Instantaneous throughput P68 瞬时吞吐量

英汉翻译词汇搭配

英汉翻译中的词汇搭配问题 Collocation in the Translation Between English and Chinese 代绍荣许芳 摘要:在英汉翻译中,词汇搭配问题不容忽视。本文试图通过一些实例说明词汇搭配的规律,并探讨解决词汇搭配问题的办法以及考虑这个问题的角度。 关键词:英汉翻译词汇搭配现象分析解决办法考虑角度 Abstract: Collocation is highly worth special attention in the translation work between English and Chinese. This article attempts to illustrate some general principles for collocation in translation , and proposes solutions to this problem and the seven angles from which to consider this problem. Key words: translation between English and Chinese collocation phenomenon analysis solution consideration angles 在翻译活动中,对原文的正确理解是做好翻译工作的基础,而对原文中词汇的恰当翻译是做好翻译工作的重点。在词汇翻译过程中,我们会不可避免地遇到词汇搭配问题。这个问题不解决好,翻译活动就没法进行下去,或者就不会译出好的作品来。本文拟就英汉翻译活动中经常遇到的各种词汇搭配问题作一分析,并提出解决的办法,以供参考。 一 在英汉两种语言当中,都有一些可以直接对译成目的语的词汇,包括简单的词、短语和习语等。它们的意义比较容易理解和把握,在目的语中有比较明显的对应词汇。这种直译不影响原文的意义和风格,是词汇翻译中最简单的一种,例如: He is a diligent student。 他是个勤奋的学生。 也因为如此,这类翻译中的词汇搭配问题比较容易解决,又例如: I bought a bunch of red roses for my girlfriend. 我买了一束红攻瑰送给女朋友。 这种搭配大多是因为下面的原因: (1)词汇本身意义不复杂,如diligent, bunch等。 (2)两个词汇经常搭配使用,形成惯用法。如:a lucky dog(幸运儿), watch TV(看电视), crude oil (原油) 等。 (3)涉及专用词汇,如in China 等 虽然这种情况下的翻译比较简单,但我们还是要注意弄清原文中每个词汇的含义,选择恰当的目的语词汇来翻译。 二 大多数情况下,词汇的翻译并不是那么容易的,需要我们动一番脑筋。词汇的搭配对所涉及的每个词汇的具体含义起相当大的限制作用。特别是有些词,本身含义比较广泛,词性也比较多,当它们和不同的词搭配时,具有不同的含义,这就需要我们熟读原文,弄清原文的准确含义、文体风格、表现手法,然后在目的语中捕捉最贴切的词汇来翻译。下面举一个例子: free competition 自由竞争free room 空房间 free medical care 公费医疗free goods 免税货物 free bloomer 开花多的植物free state 游离状态 free gait 从容和步伐free wind 顺风

计算机网络体系结构外文翻译

附录A With the new network technology and application of the continuous rapid development of the computer network should. Use of becoming increasingly widespread, the role played by the increasingly important computer networks and human. More inseparable from the lives of the community's reliance on them will keep growing. In order for computers to communicate, they must speak the same language or protocol. In the early days of networking, networks were disorganized in many ways. Companies developed proprietary network technologies that had great difficulties in exchanging information with other or existing technologies; so network interconnections were very hard to build. To solve this problem, the International Organization for Standardization(ISO)created a network model that helps vendors to create networks compatible with each other. Finding the best software is not easy. A better understanding of what you need and asking the right questions makes it easier. The software should be capable of handling challenges specific to your company. If you operate multiple distribution centers, it may be beneficial to create routes with product originating from more than one depot. Few software providers though, are capable of optimizing routes using multiple depots. The provider should be able to support installation of its product. Make sure to clearly understand what training and software maintenance is offered. Obviously, selecting the right routing/scheduling software is critically important. Unfortunately, some companies are using software that may not be best suited to their operation. Logistics actives with responsibility for approving the software ought to be comfortable they've made the right decision. It is important to realize that not all routing/scheduling software is alike! There questions to ask are:Which operating system is used?How easy is the software to use?Here is a good way to tell. Ask if its graphical user interface(GUI)is flexible. Find out about installation speed - how long does it take?Is the software able to route third party customers with your core business?When was the software originally released and when was it last upgraded? In 1984, ISO released the Open Systems Interconnection(OSI)reference model,

hot名词英文翻译

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