上海新世纪英语高二年级下学期Unit7教材精讲
The Modal Verbs(1)：Must．May／Might，Can’t／Couldn’t+ Be(Doing)／Have Done 情态动词(1)：情态动词表示推测
Vocabulary and Patterns
1．classic n.经典(著作)
Her daughter particularly likes reading the classics of English literature
她女儿特别喜欢读英国古典文学名著。
adj. 古典(指古罗马或古希腊文艺)的；(文学，艺术等)第一流的
modern classic writers 当代第一流的作家
2．board n.板：船舷；董事会
on board在船上
on a notice／chess board在布告栏／棋盘上
on the board of the company在公司董事会上
v.用板盖上；包饭；提供膳食；上(船，飞机等)
board at Gate No．2 在二号门登机boarding school寄宿学校
aboard adv．&prep．在船(或飞机、火车、公共汽车)上(里)
He has gone aboard．他已上船(飞机、车)了。
3. management n．经营；管理
bad／poor management管理不善
manage. v. 管理，经营；支配；设法
manage a shop／a factory经营商店／管理工厂
We finally managed to get there in time最后我们及时赶到了。
manage to do=succeed in doing成功做……；设法做成……
It was very dirty，but he managed to clean it．
这很脏，但他设法把它打扫干净了。
manager n. 经理
the general manager总经理
4．assist v.
(1)to help or support协助，帮助
assist sb．to his feet搀扶某人站起来
(2)assist(sb．)in doing／to do／with sth．帮助某人做某事
We children all assisted father in mending the roof.
我们都帮助父亲修理屋顶。
You will be employed to assist to develop new equipment．
你将被雇来帮助开发新设备。
He is delighted to assist me with my physics．他很乐意帮助我学物理。assistance n.[u]帮助，协助
Can I be of any assistance? 我能帮什么忙吗?
assistant n. 助手，助理
a shop assistant售货员
adj. 助理的
an assistant manager经理助理
5．polish v.
(1)磨光，擦亮
Polish your shoes with a brush用刷子擦亮你的皮鞋。
(2)to improve a piece of writing，etc．by making slight changes to it before it is completely
finished修改，润色，使完美
The speaker spent days polishing her lecture．
这个演讲者花了几天来润饰他的讲演。
polished adj．擦亮的；完美的
highly polished floor擦得很光的地板
a polished performance完美的表演
6．whisper vt．&vi．
(1)to speak or say sth．very quietly，using your breath rather than your voice低声，耳语
You don’t have to whisper，no one can hear us．你不必低声说，没人能听到我们。
(2)whisper sth．to sb．／whisper(to sb.)that．．．低声跟某人说，对某人窃窃耳语
She whispered it to me so that no one else would hear．
她低声跟我说这件事为的是不让任何人听见。
Staff were whispering that the company was about to go Out of business．
员工在传说公司即将倒闭。
(3)It is whispered that．．．……悄悄传开
It is whispered that he is heavily in debt．他负债累累的事悄悄传开了。
n. 低声，耳语
say sth．／speak in a whisper低声说
She said it in a whisper，so I couldn’t hear．她低声说的，因此我没能听见。7．amazement n.惊异(同义词：surprise，astonishment)
to one’s amazement令人惊异的是……
in amazement惊异地
amaze vt．使惊愕，使惊异(同义词：surprise，astonish)
be amazed at／by／that．．．对……感到惊异=be surprised(astonished)at／by／that be amazed to see／find／discover sth．看见／发现……感到惊异
What amazes sb．is that…／It amazes sb．that．．．令某人吃惊的是……
Visitors are amazed to discover how greatly shanghai has changed．
发现上海发生这么巨大的变化游客们感到十分惊讶。
What amazed her was that was still alive．他居然还活着使她感到惊异。
=It amazed her that he was still alive．：She was m]lazed that he、vas still alive．
I find it amazing that you can’t swim. 你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊。
8．faint
(1)adj. 微弱的，暗淡的
in a very faint voice以十分微弱的声音
There’s still a faint hope that she may be c ured．
她可能治愈的希望是渺茫的。
I haven’t the faintest idea what you are talking about．
我一点也听不明白你在说什么。
(2)vi．昏厥
He fainted with／from hunger／for lack of food．他因饥饿／缺乏食物而昏厥了。9．aim v.
(1)aim at／for sth. (向某方向)努力，力争，目的是；aim(sth．)at sth．瞄准
The hunter aimed(his gun)at the lion and fired but missed it．
猎人用枪瞄准狮子并射击但没有射中。
We should aim for the best results．我们应该希望达到最好的结果。
(2)aim to do／at doing=intend or try to do sth．意欲；力求做某事
You aim to go to an ideal university．你的目的是进入一所理想的大学。
Advertisements aim at appealing to consumers to purchase their products．
广告旨在吸引消费者去购买他们的产品。
n. 瞄准；目的
take aim at the target瞄准靶子
the aim of the research研究的目的
The main aim of the course is to improve writing．该课程的主要目的就是提高写作。10．seize vt．
(1)抓住
seize sb．by the arm／wrist抓住某人手臂／手腕
seize the chance to do sth．抓住做……的机会
(2)夺取，占领
seize the airport占领机场
11．alarm n. 惊慌；警报；闹钟
He was struck with alarm．他饱受惊慌。
the fire alarm火警set the alarm at 10把闹钟调在10点
give／sound／raise the alarm 发警报
Neighbors raised the alarm when they smelt smoke．邻居们闻到烟味时就发了警报。
Scientists have said there is n0 cause for alarm．科学家们说不必惊慌。
vt．使惊慌，使恐慌
My mother was alarmed when I fell over．当我跌倒的时候，我妈妈很惊慌。12．lock vt．＆vi．锁
There is something wrong with the door；it won’ t lock．这门有毛病，它锁不上。
Please lock the bike．请锁上自行车。
keep／put sth．／be under lock and key=lock up锁好
All my money is now safely under lock and key．
=I lock all my money up(in a safe)．把所有的钱都锁好了。
lock sb．／oneself in／out of 把某人／自己锁在里面／外面
He’s locked in and no body knows where the key is．
他被锁在屋里，没人知道钥匙在哪里。
I locked myself out of the house．我把自己锁在屋外。
13．reward vt. to give sth．to sb．because they have done sth．good or helpful or have worked for it报答，奖赏，酬谢
(1)reward sb．with sth．以／用……报答／酬谢某人
The clu b’s director rewarded him with a free season ticket．
俱乐部的经理奖给他一张免费的季赛票。
(2)reward sb．(with sth．)for(doing)sth．因……酬谢某人……
She was rewarded with an apartment for her wonderful performance in the work,
她因工作中的出色表现被奖励了一套公寓。
He gave the children sortie chocolate to reward them for behaving well．
他给孩子们一些巧克力来奖励他们的良好表现。
n．报答
give sb．sth．as a reward for给某人某物作为回报in reward for作为回报
offer a reward of sth．to sb．for(doing)sth．为……悬赏……给某人
The police are offering a big reward(of 20，000)for the clue to the robbery．
警方为获得这起抢劫案的线索而以：万重金悬赏。
14．earn vt．
earn money=make money赚钱
(1)earn one’s living—make one’s living 谋生
He made an investment in stocks，turning millionaire．
他靠投资股票成了百万富翁。
Everyone should have the means to earn his own living．
每个人都应该有自己谋生方式。
(2)earn sb．sth．(所做的努力／贡献等)为某人赢得……
“That wonderful performance earned her an Oscar Best Actress．
她的精彩表演使她赢得了奥斯卡最佳女演员奖。
earnings n.薪水，工资
She has spent all her earnings．她花费了她所有的I资。
15．take one’s place
(1)take one’s seat就座
Everybody，please take your place and the meeting is about t0 begin．
各位请就座．会议马上开始了。
(2)take the place of=replace取代
With the popularity of computers，Internet has taken the place of traditional 1etters.
随着电脑的普及．因特网已取代传统写信。
(3)take place=occur=happen(v／．)发生
Great changes have taken place in Shanghai recently．近来在上海发生了P-3V~变化。
16. bowl in hand=with a bowl in his hand手中拿着碗
The teacher came in ，with a book in hand．老师进来，手中拿着书。
He lay on the sofa，pipe in mouth．他躺在沙发上，嘴里叼着烟斗。
17．be+adj．+for就……而言……
She is mature for her age．就年龄而言她很成熟。
It is quite cool for summer．就夏季而言天气是很凉爽的。
18. So+“adj.／adv．+助动词／情态动词／be斗主语+部分谓语．．，that．．．
如此……以至于……(So．．．that．．．这种句型要倒装)
So hard did he study that he never needed to worry about exams．
他学习如此努力以至于从来不必担忧考试。
So interesting a novel is it that I have read it several times．
这是一部如此有趣的小说以至于我读了好几遍。
Such a big fire was there(There was such a big fire)that the firemen had difficulty controlling it．
发生了如此大的火灾以至于消防员很难控制火势。
19. Never before did the bowl need washing．这碗从来不需要洗。
否定副词或短语位于句首，通常句子用部分倒装，如never，little，scarcely，seldom，not only，not until，neither，nor，hardly，not a word，by no mean等。
Not a word did he say when asked．当问他时，他只字未提。
Not only does he write novels hut also he translates poems．
他不仅写小说还翻译诗文。
Not until she got home did she realize that she had left her keys in the office．
直到到家她才意识到把钥匙落在办公室。
20．original adj.
(1)existing or happening first原先的，最初的
The 0riginal plan was to set out last Friday, but we had to delay it because of the bad
weather.
原计划是周五出发，但由于恶劣的天气我们不得不推迟计划。
(2)(a work of art)is the one that was made by the artist and is not a copy.
原版的，非抄袭的
The original painting is in the National Gallery in London.
原画保存在伦敦国家美术馆。
原著的语言，原文in the original用原著语言
He studied Greek to read Homer in the original，
他学习希腊文是为了读荷马原著。
Origin n. 起源，开端；出身，血统
the Origin of Species物种起源
The family is Irish by origin．这家人是爱尔兰人。
originate v. (使)开始
All theories originate from／in practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理论都来源于实践，反过来又为实践服务。
21．assign sb．sth．／assign sth．to sb．布置／分配某人某任务／工作Being kind and approachable，she is popular with us.
她和蔼可亲，因此很受欢迎。
assign sb．to do sth．布置／分配某人做某事
My superior assigned me to finish the annual report in a week.
我的上司布置我在一周内完成年度报表。
assignment n.分配，委派，任务，(课文)作业
receive an assignment接受一项任务
What is today’s assignment in history? 今天历史课指定的作业是什么?
22．plunge(sb．／sth．)into sth．使……陷入
plunge into the river跳入河里
The house was suddenly plunged into darkness．整个房子陷入黑暗中。
After the war，the family plunged into debt．战后全家陷入了债务中。
23．put an end to sth．结束……
Carelessness put an end to his life．粗心断送了他的生命。
His football career was put to an end when his team won the World Cup for the third time．当他的球队第三次获得世界杯时，他结束了他的足球生涯。
24．stand the test of 经受……的考验
Products of famous brand should stand the test of time．
名牌产品应经得起时间的考验。
I can’t stand being laughed at，我不能忍受被讥笑。
25．account for
(1)form a particular amount or part of something占有……的比例
Peasants account for 70％of the population of China．
农民占中国人口的70％。
(2)to be the reason why sth．happens解释／是……的原因
Jack was brought to account for the missing cash．
杰克被要求对遗失的现金作出解释。
Can you account for being late? 你能解释你迟到的理由吗?
(3)take sth．into account--take sth．into consideration把……考虑在内
A successful ad．has to take local customs into account．
成功的广告得考虑当地的文化。
(4)on account of sth．=owing to=due to=thanks to=because of由于
I am considering retiring on account of my health．
由于我的健康，我正考虑退休。
26．make up组成；弥补；编造，虚构；下定(决心)；和解；(给……)化装The various groups which make up the society构成社会的各种群体
Ten chapters make up the book．10章组成了这本书。
比较：The medical team was made up of twelve doctors．医疗队由十二名医生组成。
We need $50 to make up the sum required．
我们需要50美元以补足所需要的数日。
The whole story is made up．整个故事完全是虚构出来的。
make up with sb．和某人讲和shake hands and make up握手言和
A．基础训练
I. Spelling.
a. Fill in each blanks with a word using the hints in the brackets.
1. Oliver Twist and his (a person who goes with or
spends time with another) suffered terrible hunger in silence for three months.
2. Life in the workhouse was very (hard, difficult) indeed.
3. The master aimed a blow at Oliver's head with his big spoon, seized him_________(closely,
firmly) in the arms, and shouted for Mr. Bumble.
4. The master, ___________________(to help, aid) by one or two women, served out the soup at
mealtimes.
5. The boys _________________(to speak in a low voice) to each other, and made signs to Oliver.
b. Fill in the blanks with the word from the text The first letter of the word has been given.
6. The boys p their bowls with their spoons till they shone again.
7. When they had performed this o ,they would sit staring at the huge
pot, as if they could have eaten that too.
8. Mr. Bumble rushed into the room where members of the board were meeting and a
the gentleman at the head of the table.
9. So d__ ______ did the boys become in the end that one boy told the others that he was afraid he
might some night eat the boy who slept next to him.
10. A c__ _________ was held; votes were cast, and it fell to Oliver Twist to walk up to the
master after supper that evening, and ask for more.
11. Mr. Limpkins asked Mr. Bumble to be calm and answer him d ______________ .
12.A notice was put up on the gate, offering a r ________________ o f five pounds to anybody
who would take Oliver Twist away from the workhouse.
13.Oliver Twist rose from the table and, a ____________ to the master, bowl in hand.
14.Hearing Oliver Twist's request, the master said in a f _______________ voice, "What!"
15.He stared with h _____________ and a _______ at the small boy for some seconds.
II .Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.
1.Thinking of the great (suffer) of her son in the war, the mother couldn't help crying.
2.After graduation, the top student was left in the university, (assistant) his professor.
3.The poor hungry girl could no longer endure _______________ (hungry), and stole some bread in the bakery.
4.A is one who offers his or her ________ to entertain others, (perform)
5. David's father is strict with him and (severe) scolds him even for a small mistake.
III. Complete each of the following sentences with a word or a phrase in its proper form suffer from fall to aim at earn one's living address reward.. . with
lock up serve out in silence take one's place cast in a . . . voice
1.The victims in the war __________ a desperate shortage of food and medicine.
2.It John to clean the blackboard and sweep the floor.
3.The principal will the staff and the students at the school-opening ceremony
every September 1st.
4.The book giving a general outline of the subject of war and peace.
5.She managed to _________by selling the clothes she made.
6.My parents promised me that if I did well in the entrance exam, they ____________ me
a trip to Hong Kong,
7.When everyone ________ ,the chairman began the meeting.
8.When one is over 18,he has the right to __________ a vote.
9.When the difficult question was put, every student was __________ ,hoping not to be
asked to answer it.
10. She kept her valuable jewels well in drawer.
IV. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese given
1. (董事会一致同意)that Mr．White was the best candidate for the job．(agree)
2.The fight was put to an end，and the troops (遭受惨痛的失败和巨大的损失)．(suffer)
3. American presidents are elected (通过公民投票)．(cast)
4. (学校规定)that the students should not bring cell phones to the school．(It，rule)
5. The white haired lady，(由那位中年卖票员帮助着)，got on the bus．(assist)
6. The soldier guarded the castle，手巾拿着枪．(n.+ prep+n.)
7. It is great fun to (跳入河中)in tile hot summer days．(plunge)
8. Classics can stand the test of time and (只占很少一部分)of the total
books．(account)
9. Seeing that his series was so well received，(这位小说家决定暂不结束)the novel for the moment．(put．．．to)
10. (远离我的孩子)，or I’11 call the police．(keep)
B．能力提升
I．Vocabulary
1．Are you clear what your is in life?
A．end B．reason C．result D．aim
2. His bravery and wisdom the soldier respect and admiration of people．
A．got B．earned C．potted D．put
3．It is known to all that Asian people on rice．
A．survive B．eat C．feed D．keen
4．The newly elected president is to the nation oil TV．
A．address B．speak C．talk D．say
5．He felt after the failure of his plans．
A．desperate B．dark C．severe D．dead
6．Discovering a cure for cancer would be a major medical ．A．effect B．management C．advance D．1evel
7. Her father’s illness a shadow over the wedding celebrations．
A．east B．cost C．fainted D．dropped
8. Try to every opportunity，and you are more likely to win.
A．cast B．fasten C．seize D．make
9．He made a to me to leave the reading room．
A．sigh B．sign C．sight D．move
10．I’ll go shopping with you just to keep you .
A．accompany B．contact C．companion D．company
II．Translation．
1．应由我通知她这不幸的消息。(fall，inform)
2．他如此虚弱以至于只能卧床几日。(faint，so… that…)
3．要在激烈竞争中存活，该工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。(aim)
4．这位经理不顾自己的安危冲人大火救正在啼哭的婴儿。(rush)
5．经不起时间考验的产品迟早会被淘汰。(stand，eliminate)
keys:
A.基础练习：
Ⅰ Spelling.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/e09681439.html,panions
2.severe
3.tightly
4.assisted
5.whispered
6. polished
7.polished
8.addressing
9.desperate 10.council 11. distinctly 12. reward
13. advancing 14.faint 15.horror;amazement
Ⅱ.1.suffering 2. assisting 3.hunger 4.performer;performance(s) 5.severely Ⅲ.1.suffer from 2. fell to 3. address 4. aim at 5.earn her living
6.would reward; with
7.took his with
8. cast
9.in silence 10. locked up
Ⅳ
1.The board of the directors all agreed
2. suffering a sharp defeat and huge losses
3. by every citizen’s casting a vote
4. It is ruled in our school.
5. assisted by the middle-aged conductor.
6.gun in hand
7.plunge into river 8.account for only a very children
9.the novelist decided not to put an end to
10.keep away from my children
B 能力提升
1．D2.B3.C4.A5.A6.C7A 8.C9.B10.D
II翻译
1.It fell to me to inform her of bad news.
2.So faint is he that he has to lie in bed for days.
3.To survive the competition, the factory must aim at developing new models of machines.
4.The manager rushed into the fire to save the crying baby, with no thought of his own safety.
5.The products that can not stand the test of time will be eliminated sooner or later
新世纪英语七年级第一学期知识点
新世纪英语七年级第一学期知识点Unit One Housing Estates and Surroundings Lesson One Choosing a Flat in the centre of town 在市中心 in the suburbs 在郊区 face south 面南，朝南 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 the Wangs 王家，姓王的一家人（the Fangs） need to do sth. 需要做某事 don’t need / have to do = need n’t do 不需要做… have a look （at）看一看…. this week/year/Monday（带this，that或next的时间状语前一般不用介词）housing estate 住宅区 be happy/glad to do sth. 高兴做某事 a bigger one/pair 一个/双/条更大的 have an area of 占地…… a piece of paper 一张纸 a lot of / lots of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
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新世纪英语七年级第二学期考试卷 姓名_________成绩__________ I . 选择题40% 1 . Tom hasn’t finished his homework yet , he ___________ TV now . A . had better not to watch B . had better not watch C . had better don’t watch D . hadn’t better watch 2 . Please help _________ to the dumplings , children . A . yourself B . themselves C . yourselves D . them 3 . We went to see a movie instead of ___________ TV at home . A . watched B . watch C . watching D . watches 4 . Could you give me some ____________ about health ? A . advices B . abvise D . advice D . piece of advice 5 . I was absent last Friday because I get ___________ flu . A . a B . an C . the D . / 6 . The fitness camp will start ___________ July 10 . A . in B . on C . at D . from 7 . What’s ________ matter with Jack ? He looks upset . A . a B . an C . the D . / 8 . Mr. Smith was ill yesterday , so Mr. Cheng went to attend the meeting ___________ . A . instead of he B . instead of C . instead D . instead him 9 . Our holiday will start next week , we ____________ go to school next week . A . don’t have to B . haven’t to C . aren’t have to D . won’t have to 10 . The doctor told me to take the medicine _________ and drink more water . A . in time B . on time C . at time D . for time 11 . What do you mean by ______________ on a diet ? A . go B . goes C . went D . going 12 . Kate has a ______________ diet than Linda . A . health B . healthy C . healther D . healthier 13 . Grandpa is ill . Now he is ___________ hospital . A . in the B . in C . at the D . at 14 . Tom can’t speak English as ____________ as Mary . A . well B . best C . good D . better 15 . __________ good advice the teacher gave us ! A . How B . What a C . What the D . What 16 . Linda’s got a stomachache , _____________ ? A . isn’t she B . hasn’t she C . wasn’t she D . didn’t she 17 . Please help _________ to the dumplings , children . A . yourself B . themselves C . yourselves D . them 18 . John is ___________ . He is very good at maths . A . an eleven-year-old-boy B . a boy of eleven years
上海新世纪版英语5AUnit1
一、Unit 1新单词 1. rule n. 规则，纪律 school rules 校纪，校规class rules 班规 Our class rules are written on the wall. 2. finish v. 结束，完成 e.g. You must finish your computer games before 7 o’clock. 你必须在七点前结束你的电脑游戏。 翻译：When did you finish your homework? 3.keeep v. 保持，遵守 e.g. Students must keep the school rules.学生必须遵守学校规定。 Keep quiet. 保持安静。 Students must keep books clean. 4. also ad. 也，也是 e.g. He is also an American.他也是个美国人。 5. maths n. 数学 e.g.Which subject do you like best? Maths. 你最喜欢什么科目？数学 6.welcome 感叹词欢迎 常用搭配：Welcome to…欢迎来某地。 e.g. Welcome to Shanghai. 7.borrow v. 借 borrow强调的是“借入” e.g. May I borrow your umbrella? 我可以借一下你的伞吗？ 反义词：lend 借出 e.g. Will you lend your umbrella to me?能把你的伞借给我吗？ 8.get to 到达… e.g. Please get to the airport on time. 请准时到达机场。 二、Unit1重要知识点 1.Welcome to our school. You must be Lily. “must be”表示“一定是，肯定是”，后常加形容词或人名。如Your answer must be right. right为形容词，“对的正确的”。“welcome to”欢迎， e.g:欢迎来中国。 2. Students must get to school on time. “get to school”到达学校，“go to school”去学校； must 是情态动词，must do sth；一般疑问句直接将must提前，否定句在