英语词性及练习

英语词性及练习
英语词性及练习

英语中的词性及练习

需要弄清楚的几个概念:

1、及物动词(vt.):后面带有宾语,意思才能完整。

eg. They want some books. He is reading a book.

2、不及物动词(vi.):本身意义完整,不需跟宾语。

eg. Birds fly. He works in the factory.

3、系动词:系动词本身虽有一定的词义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,构成谓语。如:be (是), look(看起来像), become (成为,变得)等。

eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science.

汉语名称

英语名称 缩写形式 意义 例词 名词

Noun n . 表示人、事物或地点的名称 Alice, boy book, car 冠词

Article art . 用在名词前,帮助说明其所指对象 a (an ), the 代词

Pronoun pron . 代替名词、数词等 this, that, I, it my, your 形容词

Adjective a .或adj . 表示人或事物的性质或特征 blue, big, beautiful 数词

Numeral num . 表示数量或顺序 first, three 动词

Verb v . 表示动作或状态 be, have, go 副词

Adverb ad .或adv . 表示动作的特征 often, usually 介词

Preposition prep . 表示名词,代词等和其他词之间的关系 in, on, at 连词

Conjunction conj . 连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句 and, but 感叹词

Interjection int .或interj . 表示说话时的喜悦,惊讶等情感或语气

oh, hello

练习一

一)根据对词类的概念的理解,指出下面单词的词类:

1 deep

2 finger

3 fly

4 papers

5 pass

6 refuse

7 size

8 spoon

9 delicious 10 thick 11 town 12 map 13 myself 14 and 15 on 16 sheep

17 ship 18 mine 19 important 20 an 21 catch 22 first 23 laugh 24 third 25 leave 26 here 27 fly 28 home 29 round 30 sing 31 blind 32 but

33 eighth 34 about 35 bad 36 yours 37 child 38 against 39 ah 40 with

41 cinema 42 Tuesday 43 cheap 44 advice 45 two 46 they 47 able 48 for

49 say 50 quickly 51 if

二)根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。

1. scientist

2. singer

3. conversation

4. beautiful

5. loudly

6. famous

7. government 8. dangerous 9. instruction 10. careful 11. lively 12. safeties 13. national 14. traditional 15. illnesses 16. wonderful 17. competitions

18. information 19. successful 20. natural 21. illnesses 22. lovely 23. really 24. friendly 25. usually 26. yearly 27. advertisement

提示:1.一个单词多种词性是很普遍的现象,这里的词性是指常见的词性

2.本题中加ly并不都是副词

三)判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。

1. Mary dances well.

2. His father is reading.

3. Tom is looking for his watch.

4. He often plays violin after school.

5. Mr. Green works in a university.

6. The teacher taught us an English song.

7. I have bought this pen for two years.

8. Nothing can live without water.

9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.

10. You can‘t agree with me.

练习答案解析

一)根据对词类的概念的理解,指出下面单词的词类:

1. deep 深的,形容词

2. finger 手指,名词

3. fly 飞,动词

4. papers 报纸,名词

5 pass 通过,动词

6 refuse 拒绝,动词

7 size 尺寸,名词8 spoon 汤匙,名词

9 delicious美味的,可口的,好吃的,形容词

10 thick厚的,形容词11 town 城市,名词

12 map 地图,名词13 myself我自己,反身代词

14 and 和,并列连词15 on 在……上,介词

16 sheep 绵羊,名词17 ship 轮船,名词

18 mine 我的,名词性物主代词19 important重要的,形容词20 an 一个,冠词21 catch赶上,动词

22 first 第一,序数词23 laugh 笑,动词

24 third 第三,序数词25 leave 离开,动词

26 here 这儿,副词27 fly 飞,动词

28 home 家,名词29 round 圆形的,形容词

30 sing 唱,动词31 blind 瞎的,形容词

32 but 但是,转折连词33 eighth 第八,序数词

34 about关于……,介词35 bad 坏的,形容词

36 yours 你的,形容词性物主代词37 child 小孩子,名词38 against反对……,介词39 ah 啊哈感叹词

40 with 和……,介词41 cinema 电影院,名词

42 Tuesday 星期二,名词43. cheap 便宜的,形容词

44 advice 建议,名词45 two 二,基数词

46 they 他们,代词47 able有能力的,形容词

48 for 为……。介词49 say 说,动词

50 quickly快地,立刻地,马上地,副词51 if 如果,连词

二)根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。

1 scientist科学家,名词

2 singer 歌手,名词

3 conversation谈话,名词

4 beautiful 漂亮的,形容词

5 loudly 大声的,副词

6 famous著名的,形容词

7 government 政府,名词

8 dangerous 危险的,形容词

9 instruction 说明,名词10 careful 小心的,形容词11 lively 活泼的,有生气的,形容词12 safety 安全,名词13 national 国家的,人民的,形容词14 traditional传统的,形容词15 illness 不健康,不可数名词16 wonderful好的,棒极了,形容词17 competitions 竞赛,名词18 information 信息,名词19 successful成功的,形容词20 natural 自然的,形容词21 illnesses某一种疾病,可数名词22 lovely 可爱的,形容词23 really 真地,副词24 friendly友好的,形容词25 usually 通常地,频度副词26 yearly 每年的,形容词27 advertisement广告,名词

三)判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。

1. Mary dances well.副词,玛利的舞跳的很好。

2. His father is reading.代词,他的爸爸正在读书。

3. Tom is looking for his watch.名词,汤姆正在找他的表。

4. He often plays violin after school.介词,他放学后通常弹钢琴。

5. Mr. Green works in a university.动词,格林先生在一所大学工作。

6. The teacher taught us an English song.名词,老师教给我们一首英文歌曲。

7. I have bought this pen for two years.数词,我已经买这只钢笔有两年了。

8. Nothing can live without water.介词,没有水,万物都不能生存。

9. You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.情态动词,你可以保存这本字典两周。

10. You can’t agree with me .代词,你不能同意我(的观点)。

一 1.The ______(long ) of the Yangtze River is 6,300 kilometers. 2.The Himalayas run along the _________(southwest) border of China. 3.What an _______(amaze) achievement! 4.There are many ______(bamboo) forests in China. 5.He was the first man _______(come). 6.Two thirds of the area ______(cover) with trees. 7.Even _____(serious) difficulties are waiting for us. 8.The Yellow River is one of the longest ______(river). 9.Soldiers worked hard________(save) people in the water. 10.Mary closed the gate _______(prevent) the dog from _____(run) out of t he garden. 11.The bag _____(fill) with books is mine. 12._____(eventual) the people in the earthquake were saved. 13.Flooding is one of _____(big) problems in the world. 14.One of _______(exciting) sports is skating. 15.Of all the students, Li Ming is ______(tall). 16.She doesn’t run so ______ (fast) as I . 17.China has become _____ and ________(strong). 18.I’d like to go to ________(far) of the two places. 19.The job is far ________(difficult) than before.

英语各种词性的用法 (2011-11-10 19:35:25) 转载▼ 标签: 杂谈 名词nouns分为专有名词(指人、地方、团体等特有的名称)普通名词(指人或东西或一个抽象的名称)用法,一般做主语,表语,动词宾语,介词宾语,状语,宾补。 冠词Art.本身没有意义,分为定冠词(表示名词为特定者)和不定冠词(用在单数名词前,表示一个)用法,用在名词前,帮助名词指明含义。 数词Num.表示数目的多少或顺序。用法,作主语,宾语,定语,表语,同位语。 代词Pronouns代替名词的,具有名词和形容词的作用。具体用法,第二次提到一些名词的时候,一般用代词代替。 形容词adjectives用来修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。用法,作定语,表语,宾补。副词adverbs修饰动词,形容词,副词,或整个句子。用法,作状语,定语,表语,宾补。动词verbs用来表示动作或状态,决定时态。用法,很广,一般作谓语。 介词prepositions一种虚词,不能单独在句子中作任何成分,需构成介词短语。介词短语用法,作定语,状语,表语,宾补。 主语S,是在句子中说明全局中心主体的部分。一般由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词(例如动名词)或短语来充当。它的位置一般在句首。 谓语V,是用来说明主语做什么、是什么、怎么样的。一般由简单动词或动词短语构成。位置在主语后面。 表语P是说明主语是什么、或者怎么样的。由名词、形容词、副词或介词短语、不定时式来构成的。位置在系动词后面。 宾语O,是动作行为的对象。由名词,代词,不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。他和系动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 宾补OC,就是宾语补足语。用来补充宾语不能完全表达完整的意思。 状语,用来修饰动词、副词、或形容词的。表示行为发生的时间、地点、方式、程度、目的等。由副词,介词短语,不定式,或相当于介词的词或短语来表示。位置在句末,或句首。定语,用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式一般作定语。位置一般在动词后名词前。 注明,系动词包括be动词,表示保持或变成某种状态的动词和感官动词。感官动词就是看、听、感觉等。表示保持或变成某种状态的动词有become变得,keep保持,remain保持,get变得,prove证明,grow变得,turn变得,seem似乎,appear好像。 基本句型 1.S+V 2.S+V+O 3.S+V+P 4.S+V+O+OC 5.S+V+IO间接宾语+DO直接宾语

高中英语名词性从句专题讲解及巩固练习 定义:起名词性作用的从句,叫名词性从句。本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分,换由一个句子来充当,这样的句子就是名词性从句。 【归纳】 1.只能用whether,不能用if a.主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. g.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. 2.that和what的区别

what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。 that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。 例:I have no doubt that he will come. I have no idea what he did that afternoon. 一.主语从句:在复合句中作主句的主语。 ●__________ he is a famous singer is known to us. ●__________ he will go to America is not yet fixed. ●__________ she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much. ●__________ broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 【keys】That; When/How; Whether; Who 【归纳】 1.为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 例:That her hair was turning gray worried her a lot. -----It worried her a lot that her hair was turning gray. 常考句型: It’s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that…

英语单词 各种词性 一览表 词性尾缀其实很多,大家主要记住最常用的 1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度”purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法”biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

1.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.We had a tiring___day yesterday.(tire) 2.To his ___, all the people had left when he left.(disappoint) 3.He expressed his ___ with the visit in his talk.(satisfy) 4.Nobody is allowed to enter the chamber without____.(permit) 5.The girl gave a vivid ___of the beautiful lake in her composition.(describe) 6.The students have made good ___for the coming examination.(prepare) 7.The article is written to improve the students’ reading____.(able) 8.The _____were requested to fill in their _____forms.(apply) 9.She received an ____ to the party.(invite) 10.He was clever ,but was not able to escape _____.(punish)/being puninished 11.The child studies hard in order to live up to his parents’_____(expect) 12.Children should be taught how to _____themselves .(behavior) 13.On his ____,he got down to business.(arrive) 14. The boy is addicted to ____the Internet playing games.(surf) 15. I’m really very fond of _____ (cycle) in summer. 16. I haven’t cracked a book since _____ (graduate) from high school. 17. Do you know who is in charge of the _____ (organize) for women? 18. He made a _____ (determine) decision that he would give up smoking. 19. They _____ (final) accepted our explanations. 20. His wound caused him great _____ (suffer). 21. Do you use _____ (electric) for cooking? 22. The coal _____ (mine) laboured underground in uncomfortable conditions. 23. I think it _____(use) reading without understanding. 24. He is known as a ______ (report) throughout the country. 25. He was such a _____ (self) man; everybody respected him. 26. The professor was _____ (devote) to his research work, caring little about any other things. 27. She is very _____ (self). She doesn’t care about other people. 28. He misses the delight of the _____ (peace) country life. 29. Eton College _____ (found) by Henry VI in 1440. 30.Real friendship is more _____ (value) than money. 31. The young men tried to enter a nightclub but were refused _____ (admit). 32. No one admitted _____ (responsible) for the attacks. 33. No matter how __ (power) the enemy seems, we must fight against them to the end. 34. We should tell people the ______ (important) of forbidding using plastic bags. 35. Her coat gave her ______ (protect) from the rain. 36. Hard work leads to ______ (succeed). 37. There was a traffic accident in the street, but no one was ______ (harm). 38. The boy sings so well that he dreams of being a ______ (music) tomorrow. 39. The group of popular singers will give another two ______ (perform) before leaving China. 40. The Internet games are ______ (attract) to some young people. 41. This is a rich village. There are many ______ (million) in it. 42. Liu Dehua is an ______ (act) as well as a singer. 43. People enjoy reading ______ (humor) advertisements. 44. The whole city was _________destroyed in the earthquake. (complete) 45. I'm sorry to keep you ________ so long, (wait) 46. They carried the children to_________ . (safe) 47. The pipes for _______ water under the street burst. (carry) 48. _________ as it may seem, it was a quiet night. (amaze) 49.The earthquake was caused by the ______ of plates. (move) 50. People try to predicate the_________disaster. (nature) 51.How many______joined in the game last week?(compete) 52.We came to a____ that they did nothing but wait for aid.(conclude) 53.It is no use not ____ his offer.(accept) 54.He owed success to his ____.(marry) 55.Excuse me,but what’s your _______?(occupy) 56.He is ______in doing his research work. (occupy) 57.Much to her ______,her students have made steady progress in their lessons.(satisfy)

英语词性的分类及用法 一、词性的分类 词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。 1 名词noun n. student 学生 2 代词pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词numeral num. three 三 7 冠词article art. a 一个 8 介词preposition prep. at 在... 9 连词conjunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。 二、名词 名词概论 名词复数的规则变化 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; b. 去f, fe 加-ves,如:half---halves

1. Would you mind making a little less _____? They are having a meeting at the moment. (noisy) 2. The Smiths live on the __________ floor of the highrise. (nine) 3. All the great __________ are respected(尊敬)by the world. (invent) 4. I’ll do my homework more __________ next time. (care) 5. When you study a foreign language, it’s important to make a good _________. (begin) 6. In the past punishment(惩罚)was decided by the university. The student had no ___________ but to accept it. (choose) 7. Our teacher told us the ___________ story I had ever heard at yesterday’s class meeting. (sad) 8. The __________ Lesson is very difficult but very important. You must learn it by heart.(twelve) 9. They looked very _____ in the idea. (interest) 10. After they got on the bus, they found two _______. (sit) 11. Help __________ to the fish, everyone. (you) 12. What we have had is just part of the truth. We should try to get __________ information about it. (far) 13. He seemed very _________. He got a D in the English test. (happy) 14. Before you start this work, you should try to realize its _________. (important) 15. March 8 is _________ Day. (woman) 16. This book belongs to you. Where is _____? (me) 17. The visitors are ________ students. (main) 18. Do you know about the ___ of the book? (write) 19. Can you show me your ___ of coins? (collect) 20. To my ________, I got full marks for maths last week. (surprised) 21. In this new housing estate there stand a lot of high _________. (build) 22. In winter, most of the rivers and lakes are _________. It becomes a world of ice. (freeze) 23. Then he slowly walked _____ the house. (pass) 24. Do you know who is the __________ of the English contest? (win) 25. Peter is very ______. I’m sure he will come to take care of your baby

及物动词:字典里词后标有transitive verb(vt.)的就是及物动词。及物动词后一般必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。必须加宾语意思才完整的动词,就是及物动词。 不及物动词:不及物动词是不需要受词的动词。字典里词后标有intransitive verb(vi.)的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。 名词,Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称box, pen,tree,apple 代词,Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We, this, them,myself 形容词,Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good, sad, high, short 数词,Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序one,two, first 动词,Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态Jump,sing,visit 副词,Adverbs(adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 冠词,Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的范围a, an, the 介词,Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 连词,Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 感叹词,Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。顺序是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。一般可分为两类: 1),简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 3、表语表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。 5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 6、状语修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的,但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.我们虽然说过,从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的,但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即:从属关系词。由此可以看出,从句的另一个特点是:从属关系词总是立于从句之首. 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来(除少数倒装的情况外),从句中的语序应该是正常语序。关于从句种类的划分有两种方法:按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分。如果按从句的词性划分,从句可分

一.英语词汇的分类及构成 第一讲词汇的总体分类 一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面: 1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词; 2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文,并了解其词类(词性); 3、了解构词法的基本知识,并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类,例如:drive – driver, use – useful; 4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语;正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语; 5、理解词类转化,例如:water (n.) – water (v.) 1.英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类:名词、代词、数词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词、感叹词。 词类英语名称(简称)意义例词 名词Nouns (n.) 表示人、事物时间、 地点或抽象概念的名 称 John room 冠词Articles (art.) 用于名词之前,帮助 说明名词的含义 a an 数词Numerals (num.) 表示数量或顺序nine first 代词Pronouns (pron.) 代替名词、数词以避 免重复 them everything 形容词Adjectives (adj.) 表示人或事物的属性 或特征good interesting 副词Adverbs (adv.) 修饰动词、形容词、 其它副词或全句,表 示行为特征或性状特 征 almost bravely

动词Verbs (v.) 表示动作、状态或性 质Stand be 介词Prepositions (prep.) 用于名词或代词之 前,表示名词、代词 与其它 词之间的关系 near from 连词Conjunction (conj.) 连接单词、短语、从 句或句子and but 感叹词Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的语气或 感情hello oh 在上述的十大词类中,名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义,可以在句中独立充当句子成分,称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用,都不在句子中担任任何成分,称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分,通常作独立成分。

英语中各种词性的意义及用法 1、名词,Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称的词,按意义分类 ①专有名词 表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲)、the People’s Republic Of China(中华人民共和国)。 专有名词如果是含有名词短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。 ②普通名词 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如: box, pen,tree,apple按是否可数分类 名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns) ①不可数名词 不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表 示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词 a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 ②可数名词 可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,因此它有复数形式。 2、代词,Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词的词,大多数代词具有名词和形 容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代 词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 如:We, this, them, myself 3、动词,Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态的词,如:Jump,sing,visit,它又分为及物动 词和不及物动词两大类: ①及物动词:字典里词后标有transitive verb(vt.)的就是及物动词。及物动词后 一般必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。必须加宾语意思才完整的动词,就是及物动词。 ②不及物动词:不及物动词是不需要受词的动词。字典里词后标有intransitive verb (vi.)的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾 语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at等后方可跟上宾语。 ③系动词:联系动词或称不完全不及物动词,虽有意义,但不完全,需要加名词、形 容词、代名词等作主词补语以补足其意义。常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有: look (看起来,看上去), feel (感觉), taste (尝起来), smell (闻起来),get (变得),turn(变),become(成为,变得),sound (听起来)等。 例如: The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气 变暖和了,树变绿了。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 The soup taste nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。

高中语法名词性从句讲解 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1.It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2.用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is +形容词+从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) It is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that… 似乎…

英语中的词性及练习 【 需要弄清楚的几个概念: 1、及物动词(vt.):后面带有宾语,意思才能完整。 eg. They want some books. He is reading a book. 2、不及物动词(vi.):本身意义完整,不需跟宾语。 eg. Birds fly. He works in the factory. 3、系动词:系动词本身虽有一定的词义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,构成谓语。如:be (是), look(看起来像), become (成为,变得)等。 eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science.

练习一 一)根据对词类的概念的理解,指出下面单词的词类: , 1 deep 2 finger 3 fly 4 papers 5 pass 6 refuse 7 size 8 spoon 9 delicious 10 thick 11 town 12 map 13 myself 14 and 15 on 16 sheep 17 ship 18 mine 19 important 20 an 21 catch 22 first 23 laugh 24 third 25 leave 26 here 27 fly 28 home 29 round 30 sing 31 blind 32 but 33 eighth 34 about 35 bad 36 yours 37 child 38 against 39 ah 40 with 41 cinema 42 Tuesday 43 cheap 44 advice 45 two 46 they 47 able 48 for 49 say 50 quickly 51 if 二)根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。 1. scientist 2. singer 3. conversation 4. beautiful 5. loudly 6. famous 、 7. government 8. dangerous 9. instruction 10. careful 11. lively 12. safeties 13. national 14. traditional 15. illnesses 16. wonderful 17. competitions 18. information 19. successful 20. natural 21. illnesses 22. lovely 23. really 24. friendly 25. usually 26. yearly 27. advertisement 提示:1.一个单词多种词性是很普遍的现象,这里的词性是指常见的词性 2.本题中加ly并不都是副词 三)判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。 1. Mary dances well. 2. His father is reading. $ 3. Tom is looking for his watch. 4. He often plays violin after school. 5. Mr. Green works in a university.

词性 adj. / a. 形容词 表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词如:big,happy adv. / ad. 副词 是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如:clearly,happily Clearly he didn,t say so.显然他没有这样说。(句子副词) prep. 介词 是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独做句子成分。 用在名词代词等之前,合起来表示动作、行为的时间,处所,方向,方式,目的,对象等的词。 如:in, at,for,to conj. 连词 连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系。如:when,beacuse,so num. 数词 表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。如:one,two,first int. 感叹词 表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。 如:what,how,haurray vt. 及物动词(后面要加宾语)行为动作的词如:do,finish,play vi. 不及物动词(后面不加宾语)表示行为动作的词如:appear n. 名词 表示人,事物,地点,现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。 如:pig,cow,man pron. 代词 代指代替名词的一类词。 如:he,she,hers,his,things art = 冠词,article 位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。 如:a,an,the 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

词性: 英语里的词汇分为10种词性,分别是:n. 名词 v. 动词 pron. 代词 adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 num.数词 art. 冠词 prep. 介词 conj. 连词 int. 感叹词,除这十大类词之外,英语还另有判断词yes和no。 1.名词 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些) 人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。 2. 形容词 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错) He is an ill man. (对) The man is ill. (错) She is an afraid girl. (对) The girl is afraid. 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice 3.副词 副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。 一、副词的位置: 1)在动词之前。 2)在be动词、助动词之后。 3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 副词的作用: (1)作状语,常来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。 (2)作表语,放在be动词的后面。 (3)作定语,常放在它所修饰的名词的后面。 注意: a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well,badly糟、坏,hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well. 二、副词的排列顺序: 1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。 2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。 改错:(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much. 注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I don't know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat.

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