高考英语任务型阅读专题复习(专题训练)百度文库

高考英语任务型阅读专题复习(专题训练)百度文库
高考英语任务型阅读专题复习(专题训练)百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Little Habits Make a Big Difference

Everything around us is changing at amazing speed, it seems ?but some things will always remain the same.________ Some of our daily habits have the power to always give us happiness and lead us toward success. Here are some little habits that can make a big difference:

________

Many studies have linked early rising with success. An early morning wake-up carries benefits including better planning and anticipation(预料)of problems, and more time to do the things that make you happy.

Happiness comes to those who are curious.

________ As long as you live, there will always be something to learn, and as long as you follow your heart and your passions, you won't miss out on learning.

Believe in yourself and all that your are.

________ Confidence is the key to success ?the thing that lets you look at the past without regret, stay grounded in the present, and prepare for the future without fear.

A day well spent gets you a good night sleep.

Enough sleep makes you feel healthier and happier, and it's more than lifting up your mood or removing exhaustion. Adequate sleep is a key part of your health and inner happiness. ________ It doesn't take a huge effort to make a significant change in your life-using one or two tiny habits may be all you need. Get started today and you'll soon be experiencing the rewards.

A. That's why habits are so powerful.

B. The ground work of all happiness is good health.

C. Early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy, and wise.

D. The habit of respect means treating everyone with kindness.

E. Nothing will ever make you happier than having faith in yourself.

F. When you rest better, you can live better and achieve more happiness.

G. There is no stage in life when we can't be learning something valuable.

【答案】 A;C;G;E;F

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养成几个好习惯可以对人生有很有益的影响。

(1)根据上文可知,虽然我们周围的一切变化的速度非常快,但是有些事情总是不变,这就是习惯的力量,故选A。

(2)根据下文可知,本段介绍的是早起的好处,早起经常与成功联系在一起,所以作为本段的标题,这里也应该说早起的好处,故选C。

(3)根据上下文可知,这一段讲述的是人只要活着,总有要学习的东西。时常保持着好奇心,好学习的人总会感到幸福。因此G选项“人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西”符合题意,故选G。

(4)根据上下文可知,这一段讲述的是要相信自己,自信是成功的关键,E选项中的have faith in yourself正是此意,故选E。

(5)根据上文可知,本段讲述了休息的重要性,休息得越好,才会感到更加幸福,故选F。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1)分析选项,串联主题:了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。 2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。3)复读短文,核对答案:为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。

2.根据短文内容,在相应的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。

How do you prove you really are who you say you are? Maybe you have many ways to prove your identity: a birth certificate, a driver's license, a Social Security card, or a passport.

But imagine that you are one of the one billion people in the world-most of them among the poorest-who have no official identification. No birth certificates. No official ID documents. Nothing. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems: going to school, seeing a doctor, getting a bank account...

For the last decade, NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification. One of India's leading technology experts, Nandan joined the government to lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities of the country's more than 1.3 billion residents. This ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"), is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.

Now, Aadhaar has enrolled nearly all residents of India. With a trustworthy system to check identities of beneficiaries for everything from pensions to food moneies, the government has been able to save billions of dollars because of reduced cheating and dishonesty.

Of course, India's ID system has not been without controversy. There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused. Last year, a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India found that the program did not violate the privacy rights of the country's residents. But in order to prevent misuse of personal data, the court placed tight limits on how the ID system could be used and shared.

According to the latest data by the World Bank, there are one billion people in the world without an official proof of identity, including 45 percent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and 17 percent of South Asia's population.

Thanks to the work Nandan is doing, the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. The sooner we can achieve this goal, the sooner the world's poorest residents will not only be able to prove who they are, but also realize their dreams for better lives.(1)How does India's ID system check the identities of the residents? (不多于7个单词) (2)What is the function of Aadhaar as a valuable government platform? (不多于8个单词) (3)As for India's ID system, what are many people concerned about? (不多于1个单词)

(4)What is the passage mainly about? (不多于6个单词)

【答案】(1)By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.

(2)Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.

(3)Privacy.

(4)Making the world's invisible people visible.

【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文,世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明,NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明,从而让他们变得"可见"。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities…”可知印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特征来检查居民的身份。因此答案为By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的'his ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"),is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for d elivering social welfare programs and other government services.’可知Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台,其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。因此答案为Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.

(3)考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused.”可知有很多隐私问题,包括批评Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具,个人数据会被滥用。所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。故填Privacy.

(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文和第二段中的“NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification.以及最后一段中的“the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. ”可知本文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明,NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明,从而让他们变得"可见"。故可知Making the world's invisible people visible可以概括问文章主要内容,故答案为Making the world's invisible people visible.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识,写出正确的答案。

3.Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences. ________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.

________However people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you'll notice one thing common in all of them: they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else. There is no elevator to success and you

have to take the stairs.

Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different from anyone else's out there in the world. ________

You don't have to live your life in a way society wants you to. ________Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don't want because other children have selected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you'll realize that you should first do what you think is right.

A. It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area.

B. The general rule goes that the harder you try, the greater results you get.

C. Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly.

D. It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile.

E. However, in most circumstances your effort and attempt go well alongside with your desired achievement.

F. But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courage to follow your own path.

【答案】 D;A;F;C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几个人生教训。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from th e best experiences.”当你想追寻值得做的事情并准备学习最好的经验时,生活并不总是容易的,此处解释不容易的原因,D. It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile.“它总是考验我们,让我们通过失败来学习有价值的东西”,符合语境。故选D。

(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“However,people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would.“然而,当人们花的时间比他们预想的长时,他们就会感到沮丧,此处讲的还是关于时间的话题,并与下文形成转折,A. It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area.”在任何领域取得成功都需要持续的时间和努力“,符合语境。故选A。

(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different from anyone else's out there in the world. “但当你对生活感到厌倦时,你就会意识到你并不是要做每个人都做的事,你的命运和世界上其他人的命运是不同的,此处承接这一话题,F项中的your own path与前面的"your destiny is different from anyone else's"相呼应,故F. But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courage to follow your own path.”但我们为实现这一点所付出的代价是巨大的,因为走自己的路需要极大的勇气“符合语境。故选F。

(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don't want because other children have selected that career.“父母有时会强迫孩子选择自己不喜欢的专业就因为别的孩子选择了那个专业,这是对盲目跟风的举例说明,C. Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly.许多旧习最近又开始风行,人们盲目地跟风”符合语境。故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

4.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Self-Care Strategies for College Students

Most college students don't put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you're caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it's easy to ignore a task that doesn't come with a deadline (even if that task is sim ply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.

Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.

Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? ________ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don't buy into the myth that the less you're sleeping, the harder you're working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels – you simply can't do your best work without it.

Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you're sure to find something that interests you.

A. As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.

B. Make a plan to get off campus and explore your surroundings.

C. If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.

D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.

E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.

F. Actually, it is possible to shorten sleep time by up to 1 hour without the risk of sleep

deprivation (剥夺) if you know how to have high quality sleep.

【答案】 D;E;A;C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了大学生的自我保健策略。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies. ”“相反,花点时间用这些自我照顾策略来照顾自己。”承接下文,D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.“如果你感到有压力或不堪重负,不要把自己的身心推向极限来惩罚自己。”符合语境。下文中的Instead表示前后是一种转折关系,故选D。

(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ”如果你和室友住在一起,你可能很难获得隐私,所以你的任务就是在校园里找一个安静的属于你自己的地方,承接上文,E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.“图书馆舒适的角落,甚至空教室都是放松和充电的好地方。”符合语境,故选E。

(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ”当你漫步去上课的时候,试着做这个专注的练习来集中注意力,减压;再根据空后“ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. ”可以随意观察别人,但也要注意一些感官细节,比如附近烤肉的味道或你脚下人行道的感觉。”承接上下文,A.As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.“当你走路时,密切注意你周围的环境。”符合语境,故选A。

(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. ”通过这样做,你将开始偿还你的睡眠债务和建立健康的新睡眠习惯的过程。承接下文,C.If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.“如果你的平均睡眠时间是7个小时或更少,那就保证今晚至少睡8个小时。”符合语境,故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

5.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Daily overuse of media and technology has a bad effect on the health of all children and teenagers by making them more open to anxiety, and more at risk of future health

problems.________ Many newer apps automatically show where the users are when they're used. This can tell anyone out there exactly where to find the person using the app.

________They are also upset about their kids spending time on Facebook accounts instead of getting down to their homework assignments, and are afraid of what can come out of their online connections.

________ One way is to make a “social media agreement” with your kids—a real contract they can sign. In it, they can agree to protect their own privacy, consider their reputation, and not give out personal information.________

In turn, parents agree to respect teens' privacy while making an effort to be part of the social media world. Parents also can help kids spend less time on the computer by putting limits on media use.________Avoid laptops and smartphones in bedrooms, and set some rules on the use of technology. And don't forget that setting a good example through your own virtual behavior can go a long way toward helping your kids use social media safely.

A. Trust their children more.

B. Keep computers in public areas in the house.

C. It's important to be aware of what your kids are doing online.

D. Besides, they promise never to use technology to hurt anyone else.

E. Spending too much time on social media can make kids feel upset, too.

F. Kids also can face the possibility of meeting the wrong person lace to face.

G. Parents often say that kids would rather be online than hang around with them.

【答案】 F;G;C;D;B

【解析】【分析】文章介绍了每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响,父母的担心和解决办法。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响,使他们更容易焦虑,更容易出现健康问题。F项:孩子们也会面临着遇到错误的人的可能性,与上文并列,也是对青少年的另一方面的危害,故答案选F。

(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母们担心孩子在网络上花时间太多而不认真写作业,G项:家长们常说孩子们宁愿上网而不愿和他们在一起,符合本段内容,都是说明家长对这种现象的看法,故答案选G。

(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲这种现象和家长们的担心,本段讲解决问题的办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”,C项:知道你的孩子在网上做什么很重要,承上启下,指出了问题的严重性和解决办法,故答案选C。

(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。与本段One way呼应,办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”,此外就是他们承诺永远不会用技术伤害别人。D项表达了此意,故答案选D。

(5)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母帮助孩子减少上网时间的具体措施,B项:把电脑放在家里的公共区域,是措施之一,故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读设空在句首时,存在以下两种情况:

1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案

与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段,尤其当选项是几句话时。

6.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Find a quiet location. Keep a routine. Focus on one subject at a time. It all seems like sound advice for students who need to hit the books, ________ . Here's a list of tips from Carey, a scientist, for getting the most out of your study time.

________.

Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve(检索)information on test day. “Tests have a very bad reputation as a measurement tool,” Carey says. But psychologists have found self-tests slow down the forgetting of material you've studied. “If you study something once, and then you test yourself on it,” Carey says, “you do better than if you study it twice over.”

Move around

________ . “If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material. So it's better anchored in your brain, and you can pull it out easier.”

Mix it up

Think about a football who does strength training, speed training and drills. Carey says alternating between different facets facts of a subject in a single sitting can “l eave a deeper impression on the brain”. For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading. ________ .

Space it out

Information learned in a hurry is lost just as fast. So if you really want to learn, space out shorter, hour-long study sessions. “There's no doubt that you can cram for(突击备考)an exam.” Carey says, “________. And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”

A. Test yourself

B. Study it and practice more

C. and it turns out that some of them are in great help

D. but recent studies indicate the conventional wisdom is wrong

E. The problem is that it's so easy to forget what you just crammed

F. Changing up where you study can help you keep more information

G. Spending your time in deep concentration on just verbs isn't effective

【答案】 D;A;F;G;E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议。(1)上文说找一个安静的地方,保持常规,一次只关注一个科目,这似乎都是很合理的建议,下文又介绍了如何充分利用你的学习时间的几点建议,此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句,既与上文的建议形成转折关系,又要引出下文介绍的建议,故D项(但是,最近的

研究表明传统的观点是错误的)符合语境。

(2)根据本段内容,特别是“Doing practice quizzes can help you retrieve information on test day”可知,做练习题可以帮助你在考试当天检索信息,本段讲的是要进行自我测试,故A 项(自我测试)符合语境。

(3)根据本空后的“If you move around and study the same material in several places,” he says, “you may be forming multiple associations for the same material.”可知,如果你在不同的地方学习同一种材料,你会产生多种联想,此处讲的是在不同的地点学习的好处,故F项(改变学习地点可以帮助你保存更多信息)符合语境。

(4)根据本空前的“For example, when studying French, do some verbs, some speaking and some reading.”可知,学习法语时,做一些动词,说一些,读一些,此处承接上文,讲的还是关于学习法语的内容,故G项(把时间集中在动词上是没有效果的)符合语境。

(5)根据本空后的“And once it's gone, “it's gone. You're not getting it back.”可知,一旦它消失了,你就想不起来了,此处说的是有关遗忘的内容,故E项(问题是你很容易忘记刚刚记住的东西)符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1)分析选项,串联主题:了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。 2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。3)复读短文,核对答案:为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。

7.请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Do you know the look of wonder and joy that children get on their face when they listen to someone reading them a story?Schools across the nation are bringing in volunteers to guide children in this very way. If you simply enjoy spending time with children, being a reading volunteer can be a great way to help support the upcoming generation of readers.

Reading volunteers work with elementary school age children to promote reading. They may read books to children, listen to children read aloud, or distribute books to school children. Reading volunteers promote the activity of reading, rather than focusing on teaching reading skills. They may read to a whole class of children, to a small group, or be assigned a child to read to one-on-one. During the time they spend with new readers, reading volunteers encourage them to learn to read.

Almost anyone who knows how to read can be a reading volunteer. High school students, college students, parents, grandparents, and police officers are just an example of the kinds of people who become reading volunteers. Being able to read and wanting to spend time inspiring children to read are the only skills needed to be a successful reading volunteer.

Several educational research studies show that children who are involved in programs with adult reading volunteers improve their school performance levels. For example, in 1998, researcher Sara Rimm-Kaufmann found that first graders involved in a program with an adult reading volunteer three times a week had better letter recognition and reading skills than similar first graders who hadn't been involved in such groups. In 2000, the Eugene Research Institute

found that fifth graders who had been in "SMART", an adult volunteer literacy program, were 60% more likely to have grade-level scores in standardized reading tests. Moreover, a 2006 study by Brian Volkmann showed that children who were read to by adult volunteers had improved school attendance, which is a major predictor of high school graduation rates.

In addition, reading volunteers themselves can gain a lot of benefits that range from expanding their personal networks to adding valuable skills to their resumes. They also enjoy the special time they get to spend with young children. Many volunteers have heart-warming stories to share with the children they read to. The volunteers know that they are inspiring young children with a proved educational strategy. So, if you have time, energy, and skill to support children's literacy, it is a good idea to sign up to be a reading volunteer.

Requirements/Qualifications/Conditions;Benefits/Advantages/Effects;recognizing;pass;skipping;relationship(s);job

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了阅读志愿者的工作内容,成为阅读志愿者的要求,成为阅读志愿者的好处以及阅读志愿者项目对孩子的积极影响等内容。

(1)考查信息转换。根据第一段中的"Schools across the nation are bringing in volunteers to guide children in this very way"可知,“全国各地的学校都在招募志愿者,以这种方式指导孩子”可推断出“雇用阅读志愿者在全国范围内是一个普遍的/常规的做法”,common practice 意为“普遍做法”。故填common/standard。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段"Reading volunteers promote the activity of reading,rather than focusing on teaching reading skills."可知“阅读志愿者促进阅读的活动,而不是专注于教学的阅读技巧。”可知,“阅读志愿者关注的只是阅读的活动而不是教学阅读技巧”。故填skills。

(3)考查信息转换。根据第二段中的"During the time they spend with new readers, reading volunteers encourage them to learn to read"可知“在与阅读新手相处的时间里,阅读志愿者鼓励他们学习阅读”。由此可知填encouragement/inspiration。

(4)考查信息归纳。根据第三段的内容和表格右栏的内容可知,此处处主要讲述的是成为阅读志愿者的条件/资格。故本空填Requirements/Qualifications/Conditions。

(5)考查信息概括。根据最后两段的内容及表格右栏的内容可知,此处主要讲的是阅读志愿者项目的好处或影响。故填Benefits/Advantages/Effects。

(6)考查信息转换。根据第四段中的"first graders involved in a program with an adult reading volunteer three times a week had better letter recognition and reading skills than similar first graders who hadn't been involved in such groups."可知,阅读志愿者项目可提高孩子们的识别(recognize)字母的能力。题干中的at为介词,因此本空填动词的ing形式,故填recognizing。

(7)考查信息转换。根据第四段中的"...fifth graders who had been in "SMART", an adult volunteer literacy program, were 60% more likely to have grade-level scores in standardized reading tests."可知,阅读志愿者项目可帮助孩子们更容易地通过(pass)考试。故填pass。

(8)考查信息转换。根据第四段中的"showed that children who were read to by adult volunteers had improved school attendance, which is a major predictor of high school graduation rates."可知,阅读志愿者项目有助于提高孩子们的上课出勤率,即鼓励孩子们不逃课。skip (不做应做的事),不参加。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“避免做某事”。因此此处应填skipping。

(9)考查信息转换。根据最后一段中的"reading volunteers themselves can gain a lot of benefits that range from expanding their personal networks t..."可知,阅读志愿者们自身也可从阅读志愿者项目中得到好处,包括拓宽他们的人际网,即改善他们的人际关系(relationship)。故填relationship(s)。

(10)考查信息转换。根据最后一段中的"reading volunteers themselves can gain a lot of benefits that range from expanding their personal networks to adding valuable skills to their resumes"可知,阅读志愿者们从阅读志愿者项目中得到好处也包括充实自己的简历,即增加自身获得工作(job)的可能性。故填job。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息转换,推理判断和信息概括三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识,做出正确答案。

8.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it? ________. I'm here to try and convince you

that porridge can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.

Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid, but not solid. ________, so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.

Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. ________, I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.

Once it's cooked, the fun part is adding the flavors (味道). Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour. ________, I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paper-you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don't like these, or you're allergic, then sugar and chocolate are also very tasty options.

________. Either oats or corn or both are "staple foods" for most people on the earth. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local materials to make your porridge interesting-whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.

Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now!

A.If you've never eaten it

B.If I'm cooking for myself

C.The porridge base is very easy to digest

D.It doesn't have a very tasty reputation, either

E.It is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition

F.You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world

G.Although some people think this makes porridge boring

【答案】 D;C;B;G;F

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。粥是很好的早餐,但是很多人不喜欢它,认为其寡淡无味。在读完文章之后,你会对粥有一个全新的认识。

(1)根据前文“Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it?”可知,粥听起来并不美味,因此本空承接上文论述,故答案选D。

(2)根据后文“so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.”可推测粥很好消化,所以对于生病的人来说是一个很好的选择,它能为人体提供持久的能量,故答案选C。

(3)根据下文“I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.”可知是作者在叙述煮粥的方法,故对应下文应选B“如果我煮粥的话”,我会把一大把燕麦放进锅里,加一点点水,约200克牛奶,然后煮开这种混合物。故答案选B。

(4)根据后文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting!”(我认为这正是粥令人兴奋的地方)可知,此空应为与后文完全相反的观点,故可对应到G选项:虽然有些人认为这使粥无聊。故答案选G。

(5)根据本段最后一句“wherever you are”可知,你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥。故

答案选F。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1)分析选项,串联主题:了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。 2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。3)复读短文,核对答案:为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。

9.任务型阅读

Perhaps at one point in time, it was acceptable to start any letter or e-mail with “To Whom It May Concern.”________ Starting your cover letter or e-mail for a job this way might give off the impression that you didn't do your research on who you're writing to________After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant.

________It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints(抱怨)made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.

Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation, for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers________“In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than c ast a broad net,” notes Grammarly.”Ask yourself. Who does this e-mail concern? If you can honestly answer 'Anyone, 'then feel free to use “To Whom It May Concern.” (These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.)

If you do happen to fi nd that using “To Whom It May Concern” is appropriate, don't make grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation.________

A. However, it maybe interesting.

B. Those times have changed, though.

C. Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.

D. It's also very impersonal, which some employers might not appreciate.

E. In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.

F. You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.

G. But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting.

【答案】B;D;G;E;F

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。现在写求职信与过去不同了。不写具体称呼会让收信的人不舒服的,通用称呼只有几种场合才能用。如果要用这种的话,也要注意别犯一些常见的语法错误。

(1)考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本句主要根据时态来判断。空前是一般过去时,讲的是写信用通用称呼,而不是具体称呼在过去是可接受的。空后是一般现在时,现在最好要称呼具体,否则会让人不喜欢。由此可推断出空前后是今昔对比,有所不同的。分析选项可知,B项(Those times have changed, though. 然而,那些时代已经改变了)。可知符合题意。过去的那种现象已不适合现在了,会留下不好的印象。故答案选B。

(2)考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的内容:用这样的方式(没写收信人的名字)写求职信或电子邮件可能会给你留下一个印象,那就是你没有对你要写的东西做任何研究。空后:毕竟写信称呼他们的名字可能会更令人高兴。由此可推断出如果没写

收信人的名字,可能会让人不喜欢。分析选项D项(这也是非常客观的,有些老板可能不欣赏)放入句中“如果写求职信时不写称呼可能会让人不喜欢。毕竟有称呼才会让人高兴”,句意是通顺的。故答案选D。

(3)考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的内容:它可以用在推荐信或证明信、对公司提出的正式投诉、介绍信和感兴趣的信件中。可知它用于四种场合。分析选项可知,G项(But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting)但是根据Grammarly的说法,使用这个问候语有四次,可知本句中正好是可用于四种场合,且选项G项与本段有意思及词(use)的复现。因此符合题意,故答案选G。(4)考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空前:对于一个必须复制几份推荐信发给不同的面试官的同事为例。由此可知写的求职信,要用正式用语。分析选项,可知E项(In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.)在这种情况下,发送和接收信件更多的是正式的问候语,符合题意,放入文中符合题意,故答案选E。(5)考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的内容don't make grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation. 不要犯语法错误,例如字母或标点符号,这是常见的错误。分析选项,可知F项(你可能会留意这些常见错误)与之有句意的重叠。放入句中,检验可知,文中之意是在写信时,不要犯一些常见的语法错误,如拼写和标点符号,也许你正在犯的错误。通过检验,推断出F项符合题意,故答案选F。

【点评】七选五解题步骤如下:

步骤一:快速浏览一遍七个备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。步骤二:快速浏览文章,确定文章体裁,抓住文章结构。步骤三:分析篇章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四:注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段,寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五:区分相似项;步骤六:用代入法,检查答案是否合理。

10.Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?

Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. ________ Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.

Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child's screen time with other activities.

________ Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.

Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ________ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The

study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.

Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ________ To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.

A. Some negative experiences on social media can and do affect some children.

B. However, some experts question claims that too much screen time is harmful.

C. He wanted to see if there was a similar effect among young people in the United States.

D. So, it is natural that parents should wonder about all the time children spend looking at a screen.

E. The researchers found no increase in risky sex or driving behaviors, use of illegal substances or eating disorders.

F. The researchers suggested that for those children, technology use might get in the way of taking part in other important activities.

【答案】 D;B;C;E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。美国儿科学会建议儿童和青少年每天看屏幕的时间不超过两个小时。一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的,Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出,没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices.”可知许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。再根据空后“parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.”提到了父母对孩子长时间看电子产品的看法,可知本空是提出父母对孩子花在看屏幕上的时间感到好奇是很自然的。故选D。

(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.”Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出,没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。因此可推测上文是提出"一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的",故选B。

(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day.”提到一项英国研究发现,在每天看电视时间超过6小时的儿童中,攻击性和抑郁会有一个小的负面影响——大约增加1%。因此他想看看在美国的年轻人中是否也有类似的影响。故选C。

(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increa se in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ”调查发现,

在每天使用屏幕长达6小时的人群中,犯罪行为增加了0.5%;抑郁症的症状增加了1.7%;以及1.2%对学习成绩的负面影响。即下文继续列举长时间看屏幕对其他犯罪行为的影响,故E选项:研究人员发现,危险的性行为、驾驶行为、使用非法药物或饮食失调的情况没有增加。符合题意,故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

11.任务型阅读

Ways to Free Your Mind You're Feeling Stuck

Have you ever like you were racing around in without making much forward progress? If you're stuck and you don't know how to rise, don't look outside yourself. Look below.________

Go back to what's important

When we get stuck, it can be extremely useful to come back to these three things: core values, beliefs and goals. Why?________

Ask for help

Very often, highly happy and successful people have a supporting group of friends, family and others who help them________And don't be afraid to reach out and help someone who's even more stuck than you.

Embrace the natural pathways

When you get stuck, there's no need to go back to the drawing board. Ask the people around you about the systems that are working for them, read insightful books and blog articles, and use the same methods and pathways that others have used to get unstuck.________

Relocate yourself to an inspiring environment

________You can go for a walk in a nearby park. You can come out of the office for a cup of coffee. Or if you are at home, you can simply go to a different room in the house. Whether it's urban spaces, parks, libraries, museums or even our own backyards, there are plenty of available sources that we can draw inspiration and strength from.

A. Goals are the outcomes in life that we strive for.

B. Here are some useful ways to help yourself get unstuck.

C. When you are stuck, don't be afraid to ask for help.

D. One way to get unstuck is to simply change your environment.

E. Because they form the basics of what is important to us as individuals.

F. Break the circle of worry and work on something else.

G. In fact, the system is nothing more than a natural pathway of thought that someone has created with their mind.

【答案】B;E;C;G;D

【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了一些使自己摆脱困境的建议。

(1)根据上文“如果你陷入困境,你不知道怎样上升,不要往外看。看下面。”以及下文介绍的一些方法,故此句是讲“这里有一些有用的方法来帮助你走出困境。”故答案为B。

(2)根据上句的Why?可知,下文要用because来回答,故答案为E。

(3)根据上句“非常快乐和成功的人都有朋友、家庭和其他帮助他们的人。”,C项“当你遇到困境时不要害怕向人求助。”自然承接上一句,故答案为C。

(4)根据本段小标题Embrace the natural pathways可知,natural pathways是关键词;再根据文中介绍的systems也是关键词,故G项“事实上,这个系统不过是一种有人用他们的思想创造的自然的思维方式。”符合本文内容。故答案为G。

(5)根据下文内容“你可以在附近公园散步。你可以走出办公室去喝杯咖啡。或者如果你在家里,你可以去一个不同的房间。”推知,当你陷入困境时,要走出困境的方法之一仅仅是改变你的环境。故答案为D。

【点评】做此类题时,可以快速浏览备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合在文章中的什么位置,标题,段首,段中,段尾。不同的位置的句子有不同特征,有时候有的答案表述上就是错误。

二、书面表达(共2题;共10分)

12.任务型阅读

Why doesn't the conductor face the audience?________As the only person with his back to the audience, the conductor is a figure who is bathed in the spotlight, but his complex work requires a high degree of musical skill, as well as an ability to extract what he desires out of the group of artists he leads--his orchestra.

________A person may become a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor's training program. However, becoming the conductor of a famous orchestra requires a great deal more than what is needed merely to join an orchestra.

________These naturally examine a conductor's technique and musical interpretation while he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music, but they also involve a sight-reading element________The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece before coming out and leading the orchestra through the piece by memory. Not only does the conductor have to make his arm and hand motion properly, and signal all the entrances of each instrument, he has to point out intentional mistakes made by the orchestra members on the spot.

The least capabilities a conductor must have are: The ability to memorize an entire score. A good ear for distinguishing correct notes among the music of the entire orchestra.________

Of the conductors that meet these requirements, those with better musical insight and a higher level of charisma(魅力) will succeed.

A. The need for a common musical standard becomes necessary

B. The ability to lead a group of professional musicians

C. There are many conducting competitions

D. For this, the score of music is given to the conductor on site

E. This is how the role of the conductor came to be established

F. The role of the conductor is in fact not well understood

G. There are no examinations for becoming a conductor

【答案】F;G;C;D;B

【解析】【分析】为什么指挥不面向观众?本文就这一话题展开介绍了乐队的指挥总是背对着观众的原因,以及成为一名乐队指挥需要哪些方面的能力等。

(1)根据前面的“Why doesn't the conductor face the audience”可知,人们对乐队指挥这一工作

不甚了解,再根据本空后的内容推断应选F项。故答案为F。

(2)根据本空后面的“A person may become a conductor without graduati ng from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor's training program”可知,乐队的指挥不需要毕业于专业的音乐学校或经过相关的训练,与G项的“不用考试”一致。故答案为G。

(3)根据空格后面的“These naturally examine a conductor's technique and musical interpretation while he con ducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music”,这里的These指的是C项中的competitions。故答案为C。

(4)根据后面的“The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece”,即把音乐的总谱现场给乐队指挥,然后指挥需要现场记忆。故答案为D。

(5)与前面的“The ability to memorize an entire score”中的ability是并列的。故答案为B。【点评】此类文体的文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现,文章的衔接手段有:重复使用某一词语或子范畴词语,使用同义词表达,用总称指代指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体。使用代词避免重复等。

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It is very important for kids to be courageous. A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure, say no to temptations(诱惑)and flight the good fight.________ It boosts kids' resilience(适应力), confidence and willpower as their as well as their learning, performance and school engagement. Here are several ways to develop kids' courage:

Model courage. Kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same.________ Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fear instead of taking a shortcut. Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears.

________ Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parent them to support those in need. Discuss bravery with your kids: Tell hem Courage is making the choice to do what you know is r ight even if you are afraid.”

Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery. Learning to be brave takes practice, so encourage your children to do something courageous every day.________A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.

Teach your kids how to reduce their fears. If not kept under control, fear can be powerful.________ You might encourage positive self-talk, such as saying, “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this.” Or teach your child to take slow, deep breat hs to find courage.

A. Talk about values and courage.

B. Courage has other surprising benefits.

C. The good news is that courage can be taught.

D. Teach your child simple strategies to be brave.

E. Let your child see you step out of your comfort zone.

F. In today's uncertain world, kids will need courage and confidence.

G. Then take time to focus on their courageous breakthroughs.

【答案】B;E;A;G;D

【解析】【分析】本文作者首先讲述了有勇气的一些优点,然后针对家长如何帮助孩子们获得勇气这一问题给出了一些建议。

(1)细节理解及推理判断。根据前文 It is very important for kids to be courageous. 和空后It boosts kids' resilience, confidence and willpower as their as well as their learning, performance and school engagement. 它能增强孩子的韧性、自信心和意志力以及...,这里提到了有勇气的一些优点,故答案为B。

(2)细节理解及推理判断。根据Kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same.和Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears.这里提到了父母的示范作用,故答案为E。

(3)细节理解及推理判断。由Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parent them to support those in need. Discuss bravery with your kids: Tell hem Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.” 可知这里意思是谈论价值观和勇气,故答案为A。

(4)细节理解及推理判断。根据文中Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery.和A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time. 这里提到了家长和孩子们谈论勇敢行为的问题,花时间关注他们的勇敢突破。故答案为G。

(5)细节理解及推理判断。You might encourage positive self-talk, such as saying, “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this.” Or teach you r child to take slow, deep breaths to find courage. 这里提到了一些简单的勇敢策略,故答案为D。

【点评】这是一篇七选五任务性阅读题,阅读时首先要弄清作者要向人们介绍说明什么,理解写作意图,理清线索,从而理解文章,看题时注意确定关键词,然后在文章中定位找到与选项一致的内容进行正确的判断。

14.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they are meant to be there. They serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson or help figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be your roommate, neighbor, professor, long-lost friend, lover or even a complete stranger whom you lock eyes with. ________ Sometimes things happen to you. ________But in reflection you realize that without overcoming those obstacles you would have never realized your potential, strength and willpower. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or by means of good or bad luck. The people you meet affect your life. ________ Even the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most important ones.

________ Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possible can, for you

may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people you have never talked before, yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself. You can make of your life anything you wish. Create your won life and then go out and live it.

A. And the successes and downfalls you experience, create who you are.

B. At the time they may seem horrible, painful and unfair.

C. Humans have sought to discover the meaning of life for a very long time.

D. Each person has his or her own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's.

E. But you know that every moment they will affect you life in some deep way.

F. Make every day count.

【答案】 E;B;A;F

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了我们要不断地学习,以创造出属于自己的生活。

(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前的“You never know who these people may be : your roommate, neighbor, professor, long-lost friend, lover or even a complete stranger whom you lock eyes with.”可知,你永远不知道他们可能是谁:你的室友、邻居、教授、失散多年的朋友或爱人、甚至是一个与你四目相对的陌生人,故E. But you know that every moment they will affect you life in some deep way.“但是,你知道每一刻他们都以某种深刻的方式影响你的生活”符合语境,故选E。

(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的“But in reflection you realize that without overcoming those obstacles you would have never realized your potential, strength and willpower.”可知,但仔细想想,你会发现,如果没有克服这些障碍,你就永远无法意识到自己的潜力、力量和意志力,故B. At the time they may seem horrible, painful and unfair.“在当时,它们可能看起来可怕、痛苦和不公平”符合语境,故选B。

(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的“Even the bad experiences can be learned from.”可知,即使不好的经历也能从中学到东西,A. And the successes and downfalls you experience, create who you are.“经历的成功和失败造就了今天的你”符合语境。故A。(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的“Appreciate every moment and take from it everything that you possible can, for you may never be able to experience it again.”可知,珍惜每一刻,尽你所能从中汲取一切,因为你可能不会再经历这样的时刻了,故 F. Make every day count.“让每一天都有意义”符合语境,故选F。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

15.阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

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