经济学原理对应练习 04

经济学原理对应练习 04
经济学原理对应练习 04

Chapter 4

The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

Multiple Choice

1. The forces that make market economies work are

a. work and leisure.

b. demand and supply.

c. regulation and restraint.

d. taxes and government spending.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-0

TOP: Market economy MSC: Interpretive

2. Which of the following are the words most commonly used by economists?

a. surplus and shortage

b. resources and allocation

c. supply and demand

d. theory and practice

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-0

TOP: Economists MSC: Interpretive

3. In a market economy,

a. supply determines demand and, in turn, demand determines prices.

b. demand determines supply and, in turn, supply determines prices.

c. the allocation of scarce resources determines prices and, in turn, prices determine supply and deman

d.

d. supply and demand determine prices and, in turn, prices allocate scarce resources.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-0

TOP: Market economy MSC: Interpretive

4. In a market economy, supply and demand are important because they

a. play a critical role in the allocation of the economy’s scarce resources.

b. determine how much of each good gets produced.

c. can be used to predict the impact on the economy of various events and policies.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-0

TOP: Market economy MSC: Interpretive

5. A market is a

a. group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.

b. group of people with common economic characteristics.

c. place where buyers and sellers come together to engage in trade.

d. place where an auctioneer helps set prices and arrange sales.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Markets MSC: Definitional

6. For a market for a good or service to exist,

a. there must be a group of buyers and sellers.

b. there must be a specific time and place at which the good or service is traded.

c. the price of the good must be determined by the sellers.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Market(s MSC: Definitional

7. The term market always refers to

a. an arrangement in which buyers and sellers meet at a specific time and place.

b. an arrangement in which an auctioneer plays at least a limited role in setting prices.

c. a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Markets MSC: Definitional

117

118 Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

8. A group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service is called a

a. coalition.

b. partnership.

c. market.

d. union.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Markets MSC: Definitional

9. A market is always characterized by

a. a high degree of organization.

b. an individual or small group of individuals who set the price of the product for all buyers and sellers.

c. the presence of buyers and sellers.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Markets MSC: Interpretive

10. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Buyers determine supply and sellers determine demand.

b. Buyers determine demand and sellers determine supply.

c. Buyers and sellers as one group determine supply, but only buyers determine deman

d.

d. Buyers and sellers as one group determine demand, but only sellers determine supply.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Demand | Supply MSC: Interpretive

11. For each good produced in a market economy, the interaction of demand and supply determines

a. the price of the good, but not the quantity.

b. the quantity of the good, but not the price.

c. both the price of the good and the quantity of the goo

d.

d. neither price nor quantity, because prices and quantities are determined by the sellers of the goods alon

e. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Market economy MSC: Interpretive

12. A competitive market is a market in which

a. an auctioneer helps set prices and arrange sales.

b. there are only a few sellers.

c. the forces of supply and demand do not apply.

d. no individual buyer or seller has any significant impact on the market pric

e.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Definitional

13. The demand for a good or service is determined by

a. those who buy the good or service.

b. the government.

c. the producers who create the good or service.

d. those who supply the raw materials used in the production of the good or servic

e.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Demand MSC: Interpretive

14. A competitive market is one in which

a. there is only one seller, but there are many buyers.

b. there are many sellers and each seller has the ability to set the price of his product.

c. there are many sellers and they compete with one another in such a way that some sellers are always being forced

out of the market.

d. there are so many buyers and so many sellers that each has a negligible impact on the price of the product. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Definitional

Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 119

15. In a competitive market,

a. only a few sellers sell the same product.

b. each seller has a limited degree of control over the price of his product.

c. if one buyer chooses to purchase a large quantity of the product, the price will rise.

d. if one seller withholds his product from the market, prices will ris

e.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive

16. In a competitive market, each seller has limited control over the price of his product because

a. other sellers are offering similar products.

b. buyers exert more control over the price than do sellers.

c. these markets are highly regulated by government.

d. sellers usually agree to set a common price that will allow each seller to earn a comfortable profit.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive

17. Most markets in the economy are

a. markets in which sellers, rather than buyers, control the price of the product.

b. markets in which buyers, rather than sellers, control the price of the product.

c. markets in which each seller of the product is aware that there are few, if any, similar products offered by other

sellers.

d. highly competitiv

e.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Markets MSC: Interpretive

18. For a competitive market, which of the following statements is correct?

a. A seller can always increase her profit by raising the price of her product.

b. If a seller charges more than the going price, buyers will go elsewhere to make their purchases.

c. A seller often charges less than the going price to increase sales and profit.

d. A single buyer can influence the price of the product, but only when purchasing from several sellers in a short

period of time.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive

19. Assume Teresa buys computers in a competitive market. Then

a. Teresa has a limited number of sellers to turn to when she buys a computer.

b. Teresa will find herself negotiating with sellers whenever she buys a computer.

c. if Teresa buys a large number of computers, the price of computers will rise noticeably.

d. None of the above is correct.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive

20. The highest form of competition is called

a. absolute competition.

b. cutthroat competition.

c. perfect competition.

d. market competition.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Definitional

21. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?

a. Different sellers sell identical products.

b. There are many sellers.

c. Sellers must accept the price the market determines.

d. All of the above are characteristics of a perfectly competitive market.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive

120 Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

22. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?

a. Sellers possess market power.

b. There are many sellers.

c. Buyers must accept the price the market determines.

d. All of the above are characteristics of a perfectly competitive market.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive

23. The term price takers refers to buyers and sellers in

a. perfectly competitive markets.

b. monopolies.

c. markets that are regulated by government.

d. markets in which buyers cannot buy all they want and/or sellers cannot sell all they want. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive

24. Buyers and sellers who have no influence on market price are referred to as

a. market pawns.

b. marginalists.

c. price takers.

d. price makers.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Definitional

25. Price takers have no influence over prices in markets that feature

a. only a few buyers and a few sellers.

b. numerous sellers but only a few buyers.

c. numerous buyers but only a few sellers.

d. numerous buyers and numerous sellers.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive

26. An example of a perfectly competitive market would be the

a. cable TV market.

b. soybean market.

c. new car market.

d. blue jean market.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive

27. The market for ice cream is

a. a monopolistic market.

b. a competitive market.

c. a highly organized market.

d. a market in which there is no connection whatsoever between buyers and sellers.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Markets MSC: Interpretive

28. If a seller in a competitive market chooses to charge more than the market price, then

a. the sellers’ profits definitely would increase.

b. the owners of the raw materials used in production would raise the prices for the raw materials.

c. other sellers would also raise their prices.

d. buyers will tend to make purchases from other sellers.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Competitive markets MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 121

29. If buyers and sellers in a certain market are price takers, then individually

a. they have no influence on market price.

b. they have some influence on market price, but that influence is limited.

c. buyers will be able to find prices lower than those determined in the market.

d. sellers will find it difficult to sell all they want to sell at the market pric

e.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive

30. A monopoly is a market

a. with one seller, and that seller is a price taker.

b. with one seller, and that seller sets the price.

c. with one buyer.

d. in which competition has reached its highest form.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Monopoly MSC: Definitional

31. Which of the following would most likely serve as an example of a monopoly?

a. a bakery in a large city

b. a bank in a large city

c. a local cable television company

d. a small group of corn farmers

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-1

TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

32. Despite the fact that not all markets are perfectly competitive, the study of perfect competition is worthwhile, in part

because

a. buyers and sellers are price takers in all markets, not just in perfectly competitive markets.

b. buyers find it difficult to buy all they want to buy, and sellers find it difficult to sell all they want to sell, in all

markets, not just in perfectly competitive markets.

c. some degree of competition is present in most markets, not just in perfectly competitive markets.

d. perfectly competitive markets are the most difficult markets to analyze, and this makes the study of other types of

markets easy in comparison.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-1

TOP: Perfect competition MSC: Interpretive

33. To say that the quantity demanded of a good is negatively related to the price of the good is to say that

a. an increase in the quantity demanded of the good leads to a decrease in the price of the good.

b. an increase in the price of the good leads to a decrease in the quantity demanded of the good.

c. there is a weak relationship between the quantity demanded of a good and the price of the goo

d.

d. there is no relationship between the quantity demanded of a good and the price of the good.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Price | Quantity demanded MSC: Interpretive

34. Quantity demanded falls as the price rises and rises as the price falls, so we say that

a. quantity demanded is determined by quantity supplied.

b. price is determined by quantity demanded.

c. quantity demanded is a function of deman

d.

d. quantity demanded is negatively related to the pric

e.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Price | Quantity demanded MSC: Interpretive

35. The negative relationship between price and quantity demanded

a. applies to most goods in the economy.

b. is represented by a downward-sloping demand curve.

c. is referred to as the law of deman

d.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Negative relationships | Law of demand MSC: Interpretive

122 Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

36. Which of the following would not be a determinant of the demand for a particular good?

a. prices of related goods

b. income

c. tastes

d. the prices of the inputs used to produce the good

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand MSC: Interpretive

37. Each of the following is a determinant of demand except

a. tastes.

b. technology.

c. expectations.

d. the prices of related goods.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand MSC: Interpretive

38. The amount of the good buyers are willing and able to purchase is called the

a. demand.

b. quantity demanded.

c. supply.

d. quantity supplied.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Quantity demanded MSC: Definitional

39. If a good is normal, then an increase in income will result in

a. an increase in the demand for the good.

b. a decrease in the demand for the good.

c. a movement down and to the right along the demand curve for the goo

d.

d. a movement up and to the left along the demand curve for the good.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Normal goods MSC: Interpretive

40. If Francis experiences a decrease in his income, we would expect that, as a result, Francis’s demand for

a. each good he purchases will remain unchanged.

b. normal goods will decrease.

c. luxury goods will increase.

d. inferior goods will decreas

e.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Normal goods MSC: Interpretive

41. You lose your job and as a result you buy fewer romance novels. This shows that you consider romance novels to be

a(n)

a. luxury good.

b. inferior good.

c. normal goo

d.

d. complementary good.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Normal goods MSC: Interpretive

42. Currently you purchase 6 packages of hot dogs a month. You will graduate from college in December and you will

start a new job in January. You have no plans to purchase hot dogs in January. For you, hot dogs are

a. a substitute good.

b. a normal good.

c. an inferior goo

d.

d. a law-of-demand good.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Inferior goods MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 123

43. Two goods are substitutes if a decrease in the price of one good

a. decreases the demand for the other good.

b. decreases the quantity demanded of the other good.

c. increases the demand for the other goo

d.

d. increases the quantity demanded of the other good.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Substitutes MSC: Definitional

44. Two goods are complements if a decrease in the price of one good

a. decreases the quantity demanded of the other good.

b. decreases the demand for the other good.

c. increases the quantity demanded of the other goo

d.

d. increases the demand for the other good.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Complements MSC: Definitional

45. A likely example of complementary goods for most people would be

a. hamburgers and hot dogs.

b. lawnmowers and automobiles.

c. hamburgers and French fries.

d. Dr. Pepper and Pepsi.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Complements MSC: Interpretive

46. A likely example of substitute goods for most people would be

a. peanut butter and jelly.

b. tennis balls and tennis rackets.

c. televisions and subscriptions to cable television services.

d. pencils and pens.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Substitutes MSC: Interpretive

47. Which of the following statements about people’s tastes is correct?

a. Generally, economists are interested in explaining people’s tastes.

b. Generally, economists are interested in how changes in peop le’s tastes affect markets.

c. Tastes never change enough over time to cause noticeable shifts in demand curves.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Tastes MSC: Interpretive

48. When it comes to people's tastes, economists generally believe that

a. tastes are based on forces that are well within the realm of economics.

b. tastes are based on historical and psychological forces.

c. tastes can only be studied through well-constructed, real-life models.

d. since tastes do not directly affect demand, there is little need to explain people's tastes.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Tastes MSC: Interpretive

49. Economists in general

a. do not try to explain people's tastes, but they do try to explain what happens when tastes change.

b. believe that they must be able to explain people's tastes in order to explain what happens when tastes change.

c. do not believe that people's tastes determine demand and therefore they ignore the subject of tastes.

d. incorporate tastes into economic models only to the extent that tastes determine whether pairs of goods are

substitutes or complements.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Tastes MSC: Interpretive

124 Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

50. Suppose today people change their expectations about the future. This change in expectations

a. results in a movement along a demand curve.

b. can affect future demand, but not today’s demand.

c. can affect today’s deman

d.

d. cannot affect either today’s demand or future demand.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Expectations MSC: Interpretive

51. You love peanut butter. You hear on the news that 50 percent of the peanut crop in the South has been wiped out by

drought, and that this will cause the price of peanuts to double by the end of the year. As a result,

a. your demand for peanut butter will increase, but not until the end of the year.

b. your demand for peanut butter increases today.

c. your demand for peanut butter decreases as you look for a substitute goo

d.

d. you will wait for the price of jelly to change before altering your demand for peanut butter.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Expectations MSC: Interpretive

52. Ford Motor Company announces that it will offer $3,000 rebates on new Mustangs starting next month. As a result of

this information, today’s demand curve for Mustangs

a. shifts to the right.

b. shifts to the left.

c. shifts either to the right or to the left, but we cannot determine the direction of the shift from the given

information.

d. will not shift; rather, the demand curve for Mustangs will shift to the right next month.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Expectations MSC: Interpretive

53. Suppose you like to make, from scratch, pies filled with banana cream and vanilla pudding. You notice that the price

of bananas has increased. How would this price increase affect your demand for vanilla pudding?

a. It would decrease.

b. It would increase.

c. It would be unaffecte

d.

d. There is insufficient information given to answer the question.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Complements MSC: Interpretive

54. Alyssa rents 5 movies per month when the price is $3.00 per rental and 7 movies per month when the price is $2.50

per rental. Alyssa’s demand demonstrates the law of

a. price.

b. supply.

c. deman

d.

d. expectations.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Law of demand MSC: Interpretive

55. According to the law of demand,

a. quantity supplied and quantity demanded are positively related.

b. quantity supplied and quantity demanded are negatively related.

c. price and quantity demanded are positively relate

d.

d. price and quantity demanded are negatively related.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Law of demand MSC: Definitional

56. The law of demand says that

a. an increase in price causes quantity demanded to increase.

b. an increase in price causes quantity demanded to decrease.

c. an increase in quantity demanded causes price to increase.

d. an increase in quantity demanded causes price to decreas

e.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Law of demand MSC: Definitional

Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 125

57. Which of the following demonstrates the law of demand?

a. Relative to last month, Jon buys more pretzels at $1.50 per pretzel since he got a raise at work this month.

b. Melissa buys fewer muffins at $0.75 per muffin than at $1 per muffin, other things equal.

c. Dave buys more donuts at $0.25 per donut than at $0.50 per donut, other things equal.

d. Kendra buys fewer Snickers at $0.60 per Snickers since the price of Milky Ways fell to $0.50 per Milky Way. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Law of demand MSC: Interpretive

58. A downward-sloping demand curve reflects

a. the idea that the demand for the good in question is decreasing as time goes by.

b. the idea that there are fewer suppliers of the good as time goes by.

c. the idea that there exists a substitute for the good in question and the price of that substitute is decreasing.

d. the law of demand.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Law of demand MSC: Interpretive

59. The negative relationship between price and quantity demanded

a. applies to most goods in the economy.

b. is represented by a downward-sloping demand curve.

c. is referred to as the law of deman

d.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Negative relationships | Law of demand MSC: Interpretive

60. A higher price for batteries would result in a(n)

a. increase in the demand for flashlights.

b. decrease in the demand for flashlights.

c. increase in the demand for batteries.

d. decrease in the demand for batteries.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Complements MSC: Applicative

61. If a decrease in income increases the demand for a good, then the good is

a. a substitute good.

b. a complement good.

c. a normal goo

d.

d. an inferior good.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Inferior goods MSC: Definitional

62. Which of the following is not a determinant of demand?

a. the price of a resource that is used to produce the good

b. the price of a complementary good

c. the price of the good next month

d. the price of a substitute good

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand MSC: Interpretive

63. What will happen in the rice market if buyers are expecting higher rice prices in the near future?

a. The demand for rice will increase.

b. The demand for rice will decrease.

c. The demand for rice will be unaffecte

d.

d. The supply of rice will increas

e.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Expectations MSC: Interpretive

126 Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

64. A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded of that good is called a(n)

a. price-quantity table.

b. complementary table.

c. demand schedule.

d. equilibrium schedul

e.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand schedule MSC: Definitional

65. A demand schedule is a table showing the relationship between

a. quantity demanded and quantity supplied.

b. income and quantity demanded.

c. price and quantity demande

d.

d. price and expected pric

e.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand schedule MSC: Definitional

66. A demand schedule is a table showing the relationship between

a. quantity demanded and quantity supplied, and those quantities are usually positively related.

b. quantity demanded and quantity supplied, and those quantities are usually negatively related.

c. price and quantity demanded, and those quantities are usually positively relate

d.

d. price and quantity demanded, and those quantities are usually negatively related.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand schedule | Negative relationshipss MSC: Interpretive

67. With respect to the variables price and quantity demanded,

a. price and quantity demanded are independent of each other.

b. price is the dependent variable and quantity demanded is the independent variable.

c. price is the independent variable and quantity demanded is the dependent variable.

d. price and quantity demanded are both dependent variables, since both depend on the actions of buyers and sellers. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 4-2

TOP: Price | Quantity demanded MSC: Interpretive

68. When constructing a demand curve,

a. demand is on the vertical axis and quantity is on the horizontal axis.

b. price is on the horizontal axis and quantity is on the vertical axis.

c. price is on the vertical axis and demand is on the horizontal axis.

d. price is on the vertical axis and quantity demanded is on the horizontal axis.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

69. The line that relates the price of a good to the quantity demanded of that good is called the

a. demand schedule, and it usually slopes upward.

b. demand schedule, and it usually slopes downward.

c. demand curve, and it usually slopes upwar

d.

d. demand curve, and it usually slopes downward.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Definitional

70. The line that relates the price of a good to the quantity demanded of that good is called the

a. demand schedule, and it slopes upward only if the good for which the line is drawn fails to conform to the law of

demand.

b. demand schedule, and it slopes upward only if the demand for the good in question, relative to the demand for

other goods, is increasing over time.

c. demand curve, and it slopes upward only if there is a positive relationship between income and quantity

demanded.

d. demand curve, and it slopes downward as long as the good in question conforms to the law of demand. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 127

71. A downward-sloping demand curve illustrates the

a. relationship between consumers’ income and their willingness to purchase the good in question, provided the

good is inferior.

b. negative relationship between quantity demanded and quantity supplied.

c. idea that the more of one good that a consumer buys, the less income she has to spend on other goods.

d. law of demand.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

72. The demand curve for a good is

a. a line that relates the price to quantity demanded.

b. a line that relates income to quantity demanded.

c. a line that will shift only if the price of a related good changes.

d. the same thing as a production possibilities frontier, except the axes are labeled differently.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

73. Refer to Figure 4-1. The movement from point A to point B on the graph would be caused by

a. an increase in price.

b. a decrease in price.

c. a decrease in the price of a substitute goo

d.

d. an increase in incom

e.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

74. Refer to Figure 4-1. The movement from point A to point B on the graph shows

a. a decrease in demand.

b. an increase in demand.

c. a decrease in quantity demande

d.

d. an increase in quantity demanded.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

75. Refer to Figure 4-1. It is apparent from the figure that

a. the good is inferior.

b. the demand for the good decreases as income increases.

c. the demand for the good conforms to the law of deman

d.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve | Law of demand MSC: Interpretive

128 Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

76. When we move along a given demand curve,

a. only price is held constant.

b. income and the price of the good are held constant.

c. all nonprice determinants of demand are held constant.

d. all determinants of quantity demanded are held constant.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

77. Which of the following changes would not shift the demand curve for a good or service?

a. a change in income

b. a change in the price of the good or service

c. a change in expectations about the future price of the good or service

d. a change in the price of a related good or service

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve | Shifts of curves MSC: Interpretive

78. Which of the following would not affect an individual's demand curve?

a. expectations

b. income

c. prices of related goods

d. the number of buyers

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Individual demand MSC: Interpretive

79. When the number of buyers in a market increases,

a. the market demand curve shifts to the right.

b. the demand curves of the individual demanders in the market are unaffected.

c. the market demand for the good in question increases.

d. Al of the above are correct.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Individual demand | Market demand MSC: Interpretive

80. If the number of buyers in the market decreases, the

a. market demand will increase.

b. market demand will decrease.

c. market supply will increase.

d. market supply will decreas

e.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Market demand MSC: Interpretive

81. When the law of demand applies to a good, then

a. the quantity demanded of the good is negatively related to the price of the good.

b. the demand curve for the good slopes downward.

c. when the price of the good falls, the quantity demanded of the good rises.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand | Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

82. The market demand curve

a. is found by adding vertically the individual demand curves.

b. slopes upward.

c. represents the sum of the prices that all the buyers are willing to pay for a given quantity of the goo

d.

d. represents the sum of the quantities demanded by all the buyers at each price of the good.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Market demand curve MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 4/The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 129 83. Suppose Spencer and Kate are the only two demanders of lemonade. Each month, Spencer buys six glasses of

lemonade when the price is $1.00 per glass, and he buys four glasses when the price is $1.50 per glass. Each month, Kate buys four glasses of lemonade when the price is $1.00 per glass, and she buys two glasses when the price is $1.50 per glass. Which of the following points is on the market demand curve?

a. (quantity demanded = 4, price = $2.50)

b. (quantity demanded = 16, price = $2.50)

c. (quantity demanded = 3, price = $1.50)

d. (quantity demanded = 10, price = $1.00)

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Market demand MSC: Interpretive

84. An increase in demand is represented by

a. a movement downward and to the right along a demand curve.

b. a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve.

c. a rightward shift of a demand curve.

d. a leftward shift of a demand curv

e.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve MSC: Definitional

85. Pizza is a normal good if

a. the demand for pizza rises when income rises.

b. the demand for pizza rises when the price of pizza falls.

c. the demand curve for pizza slopes downwar

d.

d. the demand curve for pizza shifts to the right when the price of burritos falls, assuming pizza and burritos are

substitutes.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Demand curve | Normal goodss MSC: Definitional

86. Today's demand curve for gasoline could shift in response to

a. a change in today's price of gasoline.

b. a change in the expected future price of gasoline.

c. a change in the number of sellers of gasoline.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Shifts of curves MSC: Interpretive

87. Which of the following events could shift the demand curve for gasoline to the left?

a. Income of gasoline buyers rises, and gasoline is a normal good.

b. Income of gasoline buyers falls, and gasoline is an inferior good.

c. Public service announcements are run on television, encouraging people to walk or ride bicycles instead of

driving cars.

d. The price of gasoline rises.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4-2

TOP: Shifts of curves MSC: Interpretive

88. The sum of all individual demand curves for a product is called

a. total demand.

b. consumption demand.

c. aggregate deman

d.

d. market demand.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Market demand MSC: Definitional

89. The market demand is

a. the sum of all individual demands.

b. the demand for every product in an industry.

c. the average quantity demanded by individual demanders at each price.

d. positively related to the price of the product in question.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 4-2

TOP: Market demand MSC: Interpretive

政治经济学原理试题和答案

第一部分选择题(共50分) 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分)在每个小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将其号码填在题干后的括号内。 1. 马克思主义政治经济学的研究任务是(B ) A. 研究生产力及其发展规律 B. 揭示客观经济规律 C. 揭示资本主义剥削的实质 D. 研究社会经济运行状况 2. 衡量社会生产力发展水平的主要标志是(C ) A. 劳动资料 B. 劳动对象 C. 生产工具 D. 生产的产品 3. 商品的社会属性是指( B ) A. 使用价值(自然属性) B. 价值 C. 交换价值 D. 抽象劳动 4. 决定商品价值量的是( D ) A. 简单劳动 B. 商品的使用价值 C. 价格标准 D. 社会必要劳动时间 5. 1只绵羊=2把石斧表示的是(D ) A. 一般的价值形式 B. 总和的或扩大的价值形式 C. 货币形式 D. 简单的或偶然的价值形式 6. 在商品供求关系平衡的条件下,商品价格( A ) A. 与商品价值成正比,与货币价值成反比 B. 与商品价值成正比,与货币价值成正比 C. 与商品价值成反比,与货币价值成反比 D. 与商品价值成反比,与货币价值成正比

7. 货币转化为资本的前提条件是( A ) A.劳动力成为商品 B. 生产资料可以买卖 C. 货币是一般等价物 D. 货币是社会财富的一般代表 8. 通过提高工人劳动强度取得剩余价值属于( A ) A.绝对剩余价值 B. 相对剩余价值。在工作日长度不变的条件下,由于缩短必要劳动时间、相应延长剩余劳动时间而产生的剩余价值。相对剩余价值是全体资本家长期获得的,以全社会劳动生产率普遍提高为条件。 C. 超额剩余价值。个别资本家通过提高劳动生产率,使自己商品的个别价值低于社会价值而比一般资本家多得的那部分剩余价值。 D. 超额利润 9. 社会再生产就其内容来讲包括( C ) A. 简单再生产和扩大再生产 B. 外延式扩大再生产和内涵式扩大再生产 C. 物质资料的再生产和生产关系的再生产 D. 生产资料的再生产和消费资料的再生产 10. 计件工资是( A ) A. 计时工资的转化形式 B. 名义工资的转化形式 C. 实际工资的转化形式 D. 货币工资的转化形式 11. 资本积聚( A ) A. 是依靠剩余价值的资本化实现的 B. 是由众多中小资本合并实现的 C. 是借助于竞争和信用来实现的 D. 不受社会财富增长速度的限制 12. 货币资本的循环公式是(A )

经济学原理第十章作业及答案)

经济学原理第十章作业题(CZ组) 一、选择题 1、下列选项中不是宏观经济政策应该达到的标准是( C ) A.充分就业 B.物价稳定 C.经济稳定 D.国际收支平衡 2、四种经济目标之间存在的矛盾错误的是(D ) A.充分就业与物价稳定的矛盾 B.充分就业与经济增长的矛盾 C.充分就业与国际收支平衡的矛盾 D.物价稳定与国际收支平衡的矛盾 3、紧缩性货币政策的运用会导致(C) A.减少货币供给量,降低利率; B.增加货币供给量,提高利率; C.减少货币供给量,提高利率; D.增加货币供给量,提高利率。 4、1936年,英国经济学家凯恩斯提出,国家应积极干预经济生活,增加有效需求,以防止新的经济危机的发生。下列选项中与上述主张吻合的是(B ) A.自由放任政策 B.国家加强对经济的干预 C.缓和与工人阶级的矛盾 D.以计划经济取代市场经济 5、降低贴现率的政策(A) A.将增加银行的贷款意愿 B.将制约经济活动 C.与提高法定准备金率的作用相同 D.通常导致债券价格下降 6、属于内在稳定器的项目是( C ) A.政府购买 B.税收 C.政府转移支付 D.政府公共工程支出 7、属于紧缩性财政政策工具的是( B ) A.减少政府支出和减少税收 B.减少政府支出和增加税收 C.增加政府支出和减少税收 D.增加政府支出和增加税收 8、如果存在通货膨胀缺口,应采用的财政政策是( A ) A.增加税收 B.减少税收

C.增加政府支出 D.增加转移支出 9、经济中存在失业时,应采取的财政政策是( A ) A.增加政府支出 B.提高个人所得税 C.提高公司所得税 D.增加货币发行 10、商业银行资金的主要来源是( D ) A.贷款 B.利息 C.债券 D.存款 二、判断题 1.债券价格与债券收益的大小成反比,与利率的高低成反比。( F ) 2.财政政策的主要内容包括政府支出和政府税收。(T ) 3.贴现政策中最主要的是贴现条件。( F ) 4.在经济学中,广义的货币是=通货+商业银行活期存款+定期存款与储蓄存款(T ) 5.经济增长是指达到一个适度的增长率,这种增长率要既能满足社会发展需要, 有事人口增长和技术进步所能达到的。(T ) 6.货币的职能主要有三种,其中计价单位是货币最基本的职能。( F ) 7.在短期内,影响供给的主要因素是生产成本,在长期内,影响供给的主要因素是生产能力。( T ) 8.扩张性财政政策是增加政府支出( F ) 9.商业银行性质和一般的企业一样,包括吸收存款、发放贷款、代客结算。(T ) 10.提高劳动力数量的方法是增加人力资本投资。( F ) 三、简答题 1.扩张性财政政策对萧条经济会产生怎样的影响? 当经济萧条时,扩张性财政政策会使收入水平增加。一方面,扩张性财政本身意味着总需求扩张,另一方面,通过乘数的作用,扩张性财政会导致消费需求增加,因此,总需求进一步扩张。当然,在扩张财政时,由于货币供给不变,利息率会提高。这样,投资需求会有一定程度的下降。在一般情况下,扩张性财政的产出效应大于挤出效应,最终结果是扩张性财政政策导致国民收入增加。 2.按财政政策和货币政策的影响填写下表 政策种类对利率的影响对消费的影响对投资的影响对GDP的影响 财政政策(减少所 上升增加减少增加 得税) 上升增加减少增加 财政政策(增加政 府开支,包括政府 购买和转移支付) 财政政策(投资津上升增加增加增加

曼昆经济学原理第四版课后习题中文答案_百度文库

产大量物品与劳务,才能使本国居民享有在国际贸易环境下的高生活水平。2.假定社会决定减少消费并增加投资。 A.这种变化会如何影响经济增长? 答:当社会决定减少消费并增加投资时,会使社会的储蓄增加,更多的资源用于生产资本品,结果,资本存量增加,引起生产率提高和 GDP 增长得更为迅速。B.哪些社会群体会从这种变化中获益?哪些集团会受到损害? 答:拥有资本品的人会从这种变化中获益,如拥有较多的物质资本和人力资本的人。而那些依靠政府援助的人将从这种变化中受损,因为社会减少了现期物品与劳务的消费。 3.社会选择把多少资源用于消费和把多少资源用于投资。这些决策中的一部分涉及私人支出;另一些涉及政府支出。 A.说明代表消费的一些私人支出形式,以及代表投资的一些私人支出形式。国民收入账户把学费作为消费支出的一部分。按你的看法,把资源用于教育是一种消费的形式,还是一种投资的形式。 答:如家庭购买食物和服装是消费的私人支出形式,而个人购买新住房、企业对厂房和设备的投资是代表投资的私人支出形式。资源用于教育即可以看作是一种消费的形式,也可以看作是一种投资的形式。 B.说明代表消费的一些政府支出形式,以及代表投资的一些政府支出形式。按你的看法,我们应该把政府用于医疗计划的支出作为一种消费的形式,还是投资的形式?你能区分青年人的医疗计划和老年人的医疗计划吗? 答:社会保险、国防和退伍军人津贴等是代表消费的一些政府支出形式,政府修筑铁路、核电站是代表投资的一些政府支出形式。政府用于医疗计划的支出是一种对人力资本的投资。与老年人的医疗计划相比,青年人的医疗计划更接近对人力资本的投资。 4.投资于资本的机会成本是什么?你认为一国有可能对资本“过度投资”吗?人力资本投资的机会成本是什么?你认为一国可能对人力资本“过度投资”吗?解释之。 答:投资于资本的机会成本是牺牲现期的物品和劳务的消费。一国有可能对资本“过度投资”。人力资本投资也有机会成本。当学生上学时.他们放弃了他们本可以赚到的收入。即使在人力资本特别稀缺的发展中国家,一国也不会对人力资本“过度投资”,因为一国政府进行人力资本投资的方式是提供更多更好的学校,并鼓励人们利用这些学校。尽管受过教育的工人与未受过教育的工人之间的工资差距很大,但是很多儿童在小小年纪就退学了,因为他们需要用劳动来养家糊口。 5.假设一家完全由德国公民拥有的汽车公司在南卡罗来纳开办了一家新工厂。

政治经济学原理原著期末试卷完整版

政治经济学原理原著期 末试卷 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

《政治经济学原理原着》期末考试 一、名词解释:(15分,每题3分) 1、价值:凝结在商品中的无差别的人类劳动 2、资本:所谓资本就是能够带来剩余价值的价值, 资本可以分为不变资本和可变资本 3、抽象劳动:撇开具体形式的无差别的人类劳动, 就是抽象劳动 4、现在企业制度:是适应社会主义市场经济需要, 加快国有企业改革的有效途径。其基本特征是:产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开,管理科学。 5、经济发展:就是在内涵方面的发展,标志发展的 水平和质量。而不是体现在外延和规模上的发展二、单项选择题(20分,每题2分) 12345678910 D C A C B B C C A C 1、资本周转时间是指() A劳动时间和流通时间B生产时间和劳动时 间 C购买时间和销售时间D生产时间和流通时 间 2、利润的本质是() A劳动的报酬B资本的报酬 C剩余价值D劳动的价值或价格 3.在一切社会关系中最根本、最本质的关系是() A生产关系B交换关系C分配关系D消费关系 4.个别资本家或企业首先提高劳动生产率获得的是 () A绝对剩余价值B相对剩余价值 C超额剩余价值D年剩余价值 5.推动人类社会发展的普遍规律是() A价值规律B生产关系一定要适合生产力状况的规律 C政治经济发展不平衡规律D按比例发展规律 6.在平均利润率既定条件下,利息率的高低取决于 () A职能资本经营状况B借贷资本供求状况 C商品市场价格的高低D劳动力市场的供求 状况 7.划分经济时代和衡量人类控制自然能力并反映社会 生产力发展水平的标志是() A人的劳动B劳动对象C生产工具D生产资料 8.商品内在的使用价值和价值的矛盾,其完备的外在 表现形式是() A商品与商品之间的对立B货币与货币之间 的对立 C商品与货币之间的对立D资本与货币之间 的对立 9.平均利润率的形成是() A不同部门资本家之间竞争的结果 B同一部门内部资本家之间竞争的结果 C资本有机构成提高的结果D整个资本家追求 超额利润的结果 10.资本主义生产方式的基本矛盾集中表现为() A私人劳动和社会劳动的矛盾 B生产盲目扩大趋势和劳动群众购买力相对缩小之 间的矛盾 C生产社会化和生产资料资本主义占有之间的矛盾 D个别企业生产的有组织性和整个社会生产无政府 状态之间的矛盾 三、判断说明题(15分,每题3分) 1、教育对经济发展非常重要,依靠政府扩大教育支 出,发展高等教育是当前最重要的工作。 答:错。教育对经济发展非常重要,但教育投入要社会 化,尤其高等教育要民间部门的更多投资。另外,我国 是发展中国家,发展基础教育也很重要。 2、发展市场经济,开放程度越高,经济自由化程度越 高越好。 错。经济自由化与对外开放的进程应根据我国的国情而 定,对于我国目前来讲,完善市场体系,建立一个合理 化的经济结构显得十分必要,而不是盲目地进行自由化 的进程。 3、增加积累、扩大投资有利于经济增长,因而积累越 多越好。 答:错。增加积累、扩大投资有利于经济增长,但并非 积累越多越好。积累基金要?适度增长,并与消费基金 保持适当比例。

Aofafcs北大课程-曼昆经济学原理(上)微观部分--期中试题参考标准答案

Aofafcs北大课程-曼昆经济学原理(上)微观部分--期中试题参考答案

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