化学系化学(师范)专业《无机化学(Eng)》课程教学大纲

化学系化学（师范）专业《无机化学（Eng）》课程教学大纲

课程名称：无机化学（Eng）课程编号：1004001

适用专业：化学(师范)专业（08级本科）

学时数：102 学分数：7

执笔人：王颖编写日期：2008.09 审批人：鲜华一、课程的性质和目的

无机化学是高等学校化工、轻工、材料、纺织、环保、冶金、地质等类有关专业的第一门基础课，是培养化工类高级专门人才的整体知识结构及能力结构的重要组成部分，也是后续化学课及专业课的基础。

通过本课程的学习，使学生在初步掌握元素周期律、近代物质结构、化学热力学基础、化学平衡、基础电化学、配位化学和化学反应速率等理论的基础上，理解和掌握重要元素的单质及其重要化合物的结构、性质、资源、制备和用途，培养学生的读书能力、科学思维能力、计算能力、科学规范的表达能力以及对一般的无机化学问题进行理论分析和解决实际问题的能力。以及对基本无机化学英文专业术语的掌握二、本课程与其它课程的联系与分工

通过本课程的学习，使学生对化学热力学、化学反应速率理论及电化学等有个初步的了解，为物理化学课程的学习打下良好的基础；通过本课程的学习，使学生初步掌握元素周期律、近代物质结构、配位化学等基础知识，进一步的学习有待结构化学、高等无机课程去完成；通过化学平衡、水溶液中的酸碱反应、沉淀溶解平衡、氧化还原平衡及配位离解平衡，为分析化学的学习做理论准备。同时对双语化学有一定的了解，为以后其他双语课程的开展打下基础。

三、课程教学内容、教学基本要求及学时分配

Section 1 Principle of Chemical Reaction

Chapter 1 Gases (2 lectures)

Requests:

1. Master the ideal gas law

2. Master the Law of Partial Pressure of ideal gases

3. Know the Kinetic-molecular theory and van der walls equation

Contents:

1. The ideal gas law and its applications.

2. Mixture of Gases (1) Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure (2) Application of Law of Partial Pressure (3) The Law of Partial V olume

3.The Kinetic-molecular Theory

4.Real Gases

Chapter 2 Thermochemistry (4 lectures)

Requests:

1.Know the conception of system, surroundings, state function, heat, work, enthalpy, enthalpy change, themal energy, standard molar enthalpy change of formation；2．Know how to write thermochemical equation, and the contents of The First Law of thermodynamics and Hess’s Law. Can calculate using Hess’s Law；

3．Can calculate the standard enthalpy change of the reaction by using standard molar enthalpy change of formation。

Contents:

1. Basic terminologies and concepts (1) System and surroundings (2) State And State Function (3) Process and path (4)Phase (5) Stoichiometric Equation

2. The First Law of Thermodynamics (1) Heat and Work (2) Thermal Energy U (3) The First Law of Thermodynamics (4) Enthalpy Change and Thermochemical Equation (5) Hess’s Law(6) Standard molar enthalpy change of bond (enthalpy of bond)

Chapter 3 Introduction To Chemical Kinetics (5 lectures)

Requests:

1. Know the conception of reaction rate; know the main contents of collision theory and Activated complex (transition state ) theory，understand the conceptions of Elementary reaction, complex reaction, reaction order and activation energy etc；

2. Master the effects of concentration, temperature and catalysts on the reaction rate and relative calculations;

3. Know the relationship between catalysts and chemical equilibrium.

Contents:

1. Reaction Rate (1) reaction rate of a constant-volume reaction (2) Average rate and instantaneous rate

2. Effects of Concentration on the Reaction Rate — Rate Law Expression（1）Rate law expression（2）A simple method for finding rate law expression — initial rate （3）the quantitative relationship between concentration and time

3. Effects of Temperature on Reaction Rate —Arrhenius equation （1）Arrhenius equation （2）Applications of Arrhenius equation

4. Introduction to Reaction Rate Theory and Reaction Mechanism （1）collision theory （2）Activated complex (transition state ) theory （3）activation energy and reaction rate （4）Reaction Mechanism and elementary reaction

5. Catalyst and Catalysis （1）basic features of catalyst and catalysis （2）homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis （3）enzymatic catalysis

Chapter 4 Chemical Equilibrium Entropy And Gibbs Function(6 lectures) Requests:

1. Master the conception of chemical equilibrium，the expression of chemical equilibrium constant (empirical equilibrium constant and standard equilibrium constant) , the relative calculations of the relationship between K and Gibbs free energy change;

2. Master the principle of the shift of Chemical Equilibrium and its application;

3. Master the conception of entropy，and know the relationship between disorder, entropy and Ω.

4.Know the basic conception of entropy and Gibbs function，and learn to judge the

direction and extent of the chemical reaction by using △r G m;

5．Master the Gibbs equation and its applications

Contents:

1. standard equilibrium constant KΘ（1）basic features of standard equilibrium constant （2）standard equilibrium constant KΘ（3）relationship between equilibrium constant and rate constant （4）experimental determination of standard equilibrium constant

2. Uses of Standard Equilibrium Constant （1）evaluate the degree of reaction

（2）predict the direction of reaction （3）calculate the composition of equilibrium

3. Shift of Chemical Equilibrium （1）effects of concentration on chemical equilibrium （2）effects of pressure on chemical equilibrium （3）effects of temperature on chemical equilibrium （4）Le Chatelier’s principle （5）two issues needed to be clarified

4. spontaneous process and entropy （1）spontaneous process （2）enthalpy change and spontaneous process （3）disorder 、entropy and Ω （4）the third law of thermodynamics

and standard entropy （5）r m S Θ? (T) and the second law of thermodynamics

5. Gibbs function （1）criteria of Gibbs function （2）standard molar Gibbs free energy change of formation （3）Gibbs free energy change and chemical equilibrium

（4）complementary explanation.

Chapter 5 Acid-base Equilibrium (7 lectures)

Requests:

1. Master the dissociation equilibrium of weak electrolyte (the dissociation equilibrium of monoprotic weak acid and monohydric weak base ，the dissociation equilibrium of water and the dissociation equilibrium of polyprotic weak acids (stepwise dissociation)), and the factors affecting the shift of dissociation equilibrium and relative calculations ；

2．Know the pH value, and master the conversion between pH and [H +]；

3．Master the composition of buffer solution, principle and calculation of pH value ；

4．Master hydrolysis equilibrium of salts solution and calculation of pH value of salts;

5．Know the history of acid-base theory ；

6．Master the composition , name and chemical formula of coordination compounds ；

7．Know dissociation constant K d and formation constant K f of coordination complex. Can use f

K Θto calculate the situation when ligands are excessive. Can calculate substitution reaction ，and judge the direction of coordination reaction ；

8．Know the conception of chelate .

Contents:

1. Br?nsted-Lowry theory （1）history （2）Br?nsted-Lowry theory （3）relative strength of acids and bases

2. the dissociation equilibrium of water and its pH value （1）the dissociation equilibrium of water （2）pH of solutions

3. the dissociation equilibrium of weak acid and weak base （1）the dissociation equilibrium of monoprotic weak acid and monohydric weak base （2）the dissociation equilibrium of polyprotic weak acids (stepwise dissociation) （3）acid-base equilibrium of salt solution

4. Buffer solution （1）common ion effect （2）buffer solution （3）calculating pH of buffer solutions （4）range and capability of buffer solution

5. indicators

6. Lewis theory of acids and bases （1）Lewis theory of acids and bases （2）nomenclature and constituent of coordination complex

7.Coordinate reaction and coordination equilibrium （ 1）dissociation constant K d and formation constant K f of coordination complex （2）Substitution Reaction and The electron-transfer reaction of complex （3）further discussion on stability of coordination complex

Chapter 6 solubility equilibrium (4 lectures)

Requests:

1．Master the rules of solubility product, the conversion between solubility and solubility product and calculation of common ion effect ；

2．Master the conditions of the formation and dissolution of precipitate and calculations of the conversion of precipitates.

Contents:

1．solubility and solubility product （1）solubility: S （2）solubility product

（3）relationship between S and K sp

2．formation and dissolution of precipitate （1）solubility product principle

（2）the effects of pH on solubility——precipitates dissolve in acidic solution（3）equilibrium between two precipitates

Chapter 7Redox Reaction Introduction To Electrochemistry (8 lectures) Requests:

1．Master the basic principle of redox Reaction，can balance redox reactions by oxidation number method and ion-electron pairs method

2．Know the conceptions of electrodes potential and the effect of concentration on electrode potential and can calculate using Nernst equation；

3．Master the application of electrode potential（1）judge the “+” and “-” of the cell and calculate the the cell potential（2）judge the relative strength of reductants and oxidants （3）judge the direction of redox reaction.（4）judge the extent of redox reaction.. 4．Know the principle of cell and can write the sign and chemical reaction of it 5．Master reduction potential diagram and its applications.

Contents:

1．Balancing redox reactions (1) oxidation number method (2) ion-electron pairs method (3)balance the chemical equilibrium of the reaction between inorganic compounds and organic compounds

2．Electrodes potential (1) cell (2) the producing of electrodes potential (3) measure electrodes potential (4) the factors effecting electrodes potential (5) the application of electrodes potential

3.Judge the direction of redox reaction (1 ) direction of redox reaction (2) judge the direction of redox reaction

4. Reduction potential diagram and its application (1) reduction potential diagram and its application *(2) △f G mθ—N diagram

5.*Chemical power supply (1)Zn-Mn dry battery (2)storage battery (3)mini battery (4)fuel battery

Section 2 The Basic principles of substance structure

Chapter 8 Atomic Structure (6 lectures)

Requests:

1．Know the conceptions of energy level of atom, wave-particle duality of electron、atomic orbital (wave function) and electron cloud.

2．Know four quantum number and can depict the shape of electron cloud by using four quantum number；

3．Know the angular distributing diagram of electron cloud of s, p, d orbital.

4. Master atom energy level diagram and the distributing of the electrons of atoms, structure of electronic shell, the relationship between atomic structure and elementary periodic table

5. Master the conception and change trends of atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity.

Contents:

1. atomic structure of hydrogen atom：（1）hydrogen emission spectrum and wave-particle duality of electrons（2）Schr?dinger equation and quantum number

2.structure of polyelectronic atom （1）energy level of polyelectronic atom （2）configuration of electrons

3.the periodic law（1）structure （2）the periodic trend of properties

Chapter 9 Molecular Structure (8 lectures)

Requests:

1．Master the nature and characters of covalent bond and ionic bond；

2．Master the basic contents of Valence bond theory, Hybrid orbital theory, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) and Molecular orbital theory

3．Judge the molecule shape by Hybrid orbital theory and Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR)

4.Can use molecule orbital energy level diagram of homonuclear diatomic molecules to guess the existence of homonuclear diatomic molecules of first and second period .and explain their structure，predict the magnetism and stability of them；

5．Master conceptions of the polarity of molecules, intermolecular attractive forces and the effect of them on the physical properties of substances.

Contents:

1．valence bond theory （1）the nature and characters of covalent bond （2）types of covalent bond （3）Hybridization of orbitals

2．Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR)

3．Molecular orbital theory：（1）molecular orbital （2）Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules （3）Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

4．Bond parameter

Chapter 10 Solid Structure (4 lectures)

Requests:

1．Master the structure characters and physical properties of 4 types different crystals (ionic crystal, atomic crystal ,molecular crystal ,metal crystal)

2．Know three typical AB type ionic crystals.

3．Master the conception of lattice energy , Born-Haber cycle and their applications；4．Can write the configuration of electrons

5．Be familiar to the conception of polarization of ions and its effect on bond type and solubility.

Contents:

1．structures and types of crystals（1）four packing types（2）types of crystal 2．metallic solid（1）structure （2）metallic bond theory *（3）alloy

3．Ionic crystals（1）structure （2）polarization of ions （3）lattice energy U 4．molecular crystals（1）dipole moment(μ) and polarizability(α)

（2）attractive forces between molecules（3）hydrogen bond

5．layer crystals

Chapter 11 complex structure (4 lectures)

Requests:

1.Understand Bond theories of coordination complex，and master the relationship

between Geometry structure and the type of orbitals.

2. Can judge the types of coordination bonds.

3.Know the basic contents of crystal field theory.

Contents:

1．Geometry and magnetism of coordination compound

2．Bond theories of coordination complex

Section 3 Elementary Chemistry

Chapter 12 S-block Elements (4 lectures)

Requests:

1．Be familiar to the types of hydrides, oxides of s-block elements （normal oxides，peroxides，super oxides），master the reactions of peroxides with water and dilute acids；

2．Be familiar to the trends of strength of the acidity or basicity of oxides and hydrate oxides of the elements in the same period and same main group, understand R-O-H rule；

3．Understand the solubility of the oxides of alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals; 4．Understand thermal stability and solubility of the salts of alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals.

Contents:

1．general descriptions of s- block elements

2．physical properties and chemical properties of elements

3．Compounds：hydrides, oxides, hydroxides, important salts

4．the anomalous behaviors of Li and Be , the diagonal relationship

Chapter 13 P-block Elements (Ⅰ) (7 lectures)

Requests:

1．Know the general consideration of the Boron family;

2．Mater the structure of diborane, weak acidity of boric acid and the properties of borax 3．Master amphoteric properties of Al, oxides and hydroxide of Al；

4．Know the general consideration of the carbon family；

5．Be familiar to the properties of carbonate acid and its salts and silicates；

6．Master the trends of strength of the acidity or basicity of oxides and hydrate oxides of Sn, Pb, and master the hydrolysis and reductive ability of Sn(Ⅱ), the oxidative ability of PbO2, and the small solubility of the salts of Pb.

Contents:

1. general considerations of p-block elements

2. Boron family：general considerations, elements, compounds of B and Al

3. Carbon family：general considerations, elements, compounds of C, Si, Sn, Pb

Chapter14 p block elements(Ⅱ) (10 lectures)

Request:

1. Master the structure, properties, preparation and applications of N2and important compounds of N (hydrides, oxides, oxyacids and salts)

2. Master the structure, properties, preparation and applications of P and important compounds of P；

3. Know the strength of the acidity or basicity of oxides and hydrate oxides of As, Sb, Bi, and hydrolysis of the oxides of Sb, Bi, and oxidative ability of H3AsO4 and NaBiO3；

4．Know the structure of H2O2，and master the properties of H2O2；

5．Master acidity and reductive ability of H2S solution and the solubility of sulfides; 6．Master the properties of H2SO3 and its salts，H2SO4and its salts，Na2S2O3 and per sulfuric acid and its salts etc.

Contents:

1．Nitrogen family：general considerations, elements, compounds of N, P, As, Sb, Bi 2．Oxygen family：general considerations, elements, compounds of O and S

Chapter15 p block elements(Ⅲ) (6 lectures)

Request:

1．Know the preparation and properties of the elements of halogens（Cl2,Br2,I2）；and master the solubility of I2 in CCl4、KI solution；

2．Master the preparation and properties of HX（b.p，acidity，reductive ability，stability）；

master properties of hypohalous acid and its salts，master the properties trends of oxyacids of Cl and its salts（acidity，oxidative ability，thermal stability）；3．Know the properties and applications of rare gases and their compounds；

4．Master the change trends of oxidative or reductive ability of oxides, hydroxides and hydrate oxides of P block elements.

5．Know the trends of thermal stability of the oxyacids of P block elements Contents:

1．The Halogens（1）general consideration（2）elements（3）hydrides（4）halides （5）oxo-compounds

2．Rare gases：（1）foundation（2）Properties and uses of rare gases（3）existence and separation（4）compounds

3．The trends of the properties of P block elements

Chapter 16 d-block elements (I) (10 lectures)

Requests:

1. know general properties of d-block elements；

2. Know the main properties of TiO2、V2O5；

3. Master amphoteric properties of Cr(OH)3, reductive ability of [Cr(OH)4]-, oxidative ability of chromates , the equilibrium between Cr2O72- and CrO42-, the small solubility of heavy metal chromates；

4.know the properties of important compounds of Mo、W

5.Master the reductive ability of Mn(II) in acid or base, strong oxidative ability of

MnO2、MnO4-, the unstability of MnO42-；

6.Master the trends of reductive ability of the oxides of Fe. Co,Ni M(II), and the

oxidative ability of M(III)；

7.Be familiar to color of the hydrate ions of Cr3+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Ni2+and important

coordination compounds of them and the products when they react with NH3(aq). Contents:

1．General consideration：（1）atomic radius and ionization energy（2）Physical properties （3）Chemical properties（4）Oxidation number（5）colors of d-block ions

2．Ti group and V group（1）The General Consideration of Ti group and V group

（2）The important compounds of Ti（3）* The important compounds of V, Nb, Ta

3．Cr Subgroup （1）The General Consideration of Cr Subgroup（2）The important compounds of Cr（3）*the preparation of important industry products of Cr；（4）* important compounds of Mo, W

4. Mn Subgroup（1）The General Consideration of Mn Subgroup（2）The important compounds of Mn

5. iron series and Platinum series（1）The General Consideration of iron series and Platinum series（2）compounds of Fe, Co, Ni;

6．*Metal organic compounds

Chapter 17 d-block elements (II ) (5 lectures)

Requests:

1．Master the main properties of the important compounds of Cu、Ag、Zn、Hg;（1）Metal dissolves in acids

（2）the stability of oxides and hydroxides

（3）acidity or basicity of hydroxides

（4）the reactions between Ag+ and S2O32- or CN-;

（5）hydrolysis and oxidative ability of Hg2+ and its reactions with NH3, OH-, I-, and S2-;

（6）Cu+is unstable and disproportionate easily；Hg22+is comparatively stable and disproportionate difficultly.

Contents:

1．Cu subgroup：elements, compounds and Cu ion in water and their reactions

2．Zn subgroup：elements, compounds and Zn ion in water and their reactions

Chapter 18 f-Block Elements (2 lectures)

Requests:

1. Know the relationship between the properties and configurations of lanthanides，Contraction of Lanthanides and its effect to the properties of elements；

2. Know the difference and similarity of Lanthanides and Actinides；

3. Know the properties of important compounds of Lanthanides and Actinides；

4. Know the types of nuclear reactions.

Contents:

1．general consideration of Lanthanides and Actinides (1) configurations of lanthanides and oxidation number (2)atomic radius, ionic radius Contraction of Lanthanides (3) activity of metal (4)color of ions.

2．Rare earth elements (1)the source rare earth elements (2)the extraction of rare earth elements (3)the application of rare earth elements

四、教材及教学参考书的选用

拟用教材：

[1] 大连理工大学无机化学教研室编.无机化学（第四版）.北京：高等教育出版

社，2001

拟用教学参考书：

[1] Peter. Atkins, Loretta. Jones. 《Chemical Principle》. New York. W.H. Freeman

and company 1999

[2] D.F shriver, Peter. Atkins. 《Inorganic Chemistry》( Third edition). New York. W.H.

Freeman and company

[3] 武汉大学,吉林大学等校编.曹锡章,宋天佑,王杏乔修订,无机化学(上,下册)

（第三版）.北京：高等教育出版社，1994