第十二次课讲义(含解题思路)

历年真题实战技巧（13）

2006年卫生类C

Sleepwalking (梦游)

Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep, but a person isn't physically active during active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave or deep sleep.

Not all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like

they're awake when in fact, they're asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.

Sleepwalkers' eyes are open, but they don't see the same way they do when they're awake and often think they're in different rooms of the house or different places altogether'. Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they won't remember it in the morning.

Researchers estimate that about 15% of kids sleepwalk regularly. Sleepwalking may run in families (在家族中世代相传) and sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or is stressed (紧张).

If sleepwalk ing occurs frequently, every night or so, it's a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional sleepwalking generally isn't something to worry about, although it may look funny or even scary (骇人的) for the people who see a sleepwalker in action.

Although occasional sleepwalking isn't a big deal, it's important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions (预防措施) should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run into something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.

解题思路

文章标题——“梦游”。由于标题很短，信息量不足，故尽量多读些与中心有关的内容，“but”所在句子意思——“你可能认为梦游发生在睡眠活跃期，但是，一个人的睡眠活跃期并不意味着身体也活跃”

31．When does sleepwalking usually occur?

A During active sleep,

B During deep sleep.

C In the daytime.

D In the early morning.

解题思路

32．What most sleepwalkers do is

A simply sit up.

B simply stand in bed.

C get up and walk for some time

D get up and walk for hours

解题思路

33．Sleepwalkers usually go back to bed

A. after waking up.

B. after being woken up.

C . with the help of others.

D. by themselves.

解题思路

34．You'd better go and see a doctor if you A．see a sleepwalker in action.

B．never sleepwalk,

C．sleepwalk frequently.

D．sleepwalk occasionally

解题思路

35．Measures措施should be taken to

A keep sleepwalkers safe.

B prevent people from sleepwalking

C avoid running into sleepwalkers.

D help people sleep well.

解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（14）2005年理工类B

Almost 差不多Human人类

Scientists are racing竞赛to build the world?s first thinking robot．This is not science fiction：some say they will have made制造it by截止the year 2020 Carol Packer reports Machines that walk，speak and feel are no longer science fiction．Kismet is the name of an android(机器人)which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)．Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it Can show human emotions情感．Its eyes，ears and lips move to show when it feels happy. sad or bored．Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids——robots机器人that look like human beings——which Can imitate human feelings．Cog，another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action 行动of a mother．However, scientists admit that So far Cog has the mental ability of a two—year—old．

The optimists(乐观主义者)say that by the year 2020we will have created humanoids(机器人)with brains similar to those of all adult human being．These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public．What kind of jobs will they do? In the future，robots like Robonaut，a humanoid invented by NASA，will be doing dangerous jobs，like repairing修理space stations．They will also be doing more and mom of the household work for us In Japan，scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano．Some people worry about what the future holds：will robots become monsters(怪物)?Will people themselves become increasingly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro—computers，connected to the Internet，in the future．People will have micro—chips in various parts of their body，which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets (小装置)．Perhaps we should not exaggerate(夸大)the importance of technology，but one wonders whether，in years to come，we will still be falling in love，and whether we will still feel pain．Who knows?

解题思路

文章标题——“差不多是人类”。找出中心句标志词，读出中心句后，发现，这是一篇说明机器人的文章。

31 Kismet is different from traditional robots because

A it thinks for itself

B it is not like science fiction

C it can look after two—year-old．

D it seems to have human feelings情感．

解题思路

32 What makes Cog special?

A It looks like a mother．

B It behaves like a child．

C It can imitate the behavior 行为of a mother．

D It has a huge brain．

解题思路

33 In about 15 years’ time from now，robots

A will become space designers．

B will look like monsters．

C will behave like animals．

D will think like humans．解题思路

34 In the future robots will also

A explore探索space．

B entertain people．

C move much faster．

D do a11 of the housework．

解题思路

35 What is the writer?s attitude to robots in the future?

A Critical

B Hostile不友善的

C Objective

D Enthusiastic热情的

解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（15）

2005年卫生类B

US States国家Do Poorly不好的in Women's Health女性健康Not a single US state meets basic federal goals for women's health，and the nation as a whole全部fails失败except in two area s—mammograms(乳腺x光照片)and dental(牙齿的) check-ups—researchers said on Thursday

Millions of women lack health insurance，and states make it difficult to enroll(加八)in Medicaid—the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor，according to the report．And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking——the leading cause of death in the United States

“The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals，”reads the report．put together by the National Women's Law Center and the Oregon Health＆Science University．“These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of women's health．”

Of 27 measures examined by the group，from screening for diseases to actually treating them．the nation passes on only two，the researchers said“The nation is so far from the health goals that it receives an overall grade of…unsatisfactory?，”they wrote．

The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general，the NWLC said．

“State policy makers' piecemeal approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails失败to meet the health care needs of women," Judy Waxman NWLC Vice President for Health，said in a statement．

“Lawmakers need t o take a comprehensive，long-term approach to meeting women…s health needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families．”

解题思路

文章标题——“美国对女性健康问题做的不够好”。中心句——除了女性健康问题的解决中，除了两个领域，其它都失败了。

31 In which area is the nation successful?

A Dental check-ups．

B Health promotion．

C Disease screening

D Cancer treatment．

解题思路

32 Medicaid is a program aimed at helping

A women．

B the poor．

C the old

D children

解题思路

33 Which is America's number one killer?

A Stress

B Heart disease

C Cancer

D Smoking

解题思路

34 The national goals for women's health make it easier to

A meet women's health needs

B assess the status of women's health．

C solve women's health problems

D deal with the health care crisis

解题思路

35 Which approach was recommended推荐by Judy Waxman?

A The piecemeal零碎的approach

B A state-federal approach

C A comprehensive综合的，long—term长期的approach．

D A complex复杂的approach．

解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（16）

2004年理工A

Technology技术Transfer转让in Germany德国

When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few几乎没有nations 国家can match赶上Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation?s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German

prosperity(繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable (令人羡慕的) record for turning ideas into profit.

Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network ok research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.

Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-drive, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.

Wh ile this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany?s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Y et it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.

Founde d in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.

解题思路

文章标题——“德国的技术转让”。中心句为第一句话，文中的中文解释也使得文章脉络十分清晰，全文阐述德国在技术转让方面的优势及成就

31. What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?

A.Technology transfer.

B.Good management.

C.Hard work.

D.Fierce competition.

解题思路

32. Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?

A.It is free.

B.It is profit-driven.

C.It is widely available.

D.It is curiosity-driven.

解题思路

33. The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e37990402.html,.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e37990402.html,A.

C.Europe.

D.Africa.

解题思路

34. When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?

A.In 1940.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/e37990402.html,st year.

C.After the unification.

D.In 1949.

解题思路

同上

35. The word “expertise” in line横线3 could be best replaced by

A.“experts”.

B. “scientists”.

C. “scholars”. D．“special knowledge”.

解题思路

历年真题实战技巧（18）

2003年卫生类B

Effects作用，效果of Exercise锻炼on Elderly年老的Diabetics糖尿病人

Most older people with so-called所谓的typeⅡ二型diabetes(糖尿病)could stop taking insulin(胰岛素)if they would do brisk(轻快的)exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in a Copenhagen newspaper. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen central hospital Rigshopitalet?s Cen ter for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body?s ability to make use of insulin by 30 per cent. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication (药物治疗) today.

Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with typeⅡ diabetes, all more than 60 years of age,exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’muscles could make use of as a measure for how well their insulin worked.

Associate Professor Dr Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research C7enter said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics has made as good use of insulin as the healthy non-diabetic persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but is can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin,” Dela said.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas(胰腺), controlling sugar in the body and is used against diabetes.

Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to sweat,but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.

Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance重要性of exercise, Dela added.

解题思路

本文的标题非常明朗——“老年糖尿病人锻炼的作用”，文章都是按照这个主题展开论述的，故标题就为文章的中心句。

36 What is the effect of exercise on elderly people with typeⅡ diabetes?

A. It can worsen their symptoms.

B. It can help the body make better use of insulin.

C. It can help them to eat more.

D. It can cure them of the disease.

解题思路

37 The exercise that the researchers tried on their test subjects was

A. cycling six times a week for three months.

B. walking briskly for thirty minutes three times a week.

C. swimming twice a day.

D. running once a day.

解题思路

38 The researchers checked how well the test subjects? insulin worked by measuring

A. The blood sugar level in their bodies.

B. The length of time they could cycle in one breath.

C. The amount of sugar their muscles could make use of.

D. The amount of insulin they took.

解题思路

39 It is recommended that diabetics maintain sufficient exercise since otherwise否则

A. their symptoms will get worse.

B. the blood sugar level will go up.

C. their condition will be out of control.

D.the desired effect cannot be achieved.

解题思路

40 It can be seen from the passage that most diabetics are ignorant忽视of

A. The significance重要性of regular exercise.

B. The necessity of watching their diet.

C. The need to control their weight.

D. The consequences of taking too much insulin.

解题思路