最新高中英语十六种时态精讲及练习题附答案

最新高中英语十六种时态精讲及练习题附答案
最新高中英语十六种时态精讲及练习题附答案

最新高中英语十六种时态精讲及练习题附答案

时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时

现在(1)study(5)be studying(9)have studied(13)have been

studying

过去(2)studied (6)be studying (10)had studied (14)had been

studying

将来(3)will

study (7)will be

studying

(11)will have

studied

(15)will have been

studying

过去将来(4)would

study (8)would be

studying

(12)would have

studied

(16)would have been

studying

1 一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。时间状语:every,, sometimes, at,, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

2 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有:yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon, evening,)last night (week, month, year,), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago,just now,等。

Where did you go just now?

2) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的

人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)

He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)

3) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。情态动词could, would.

例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示的是与现在有关联的过去事件;而一般过去时则与现在毫无关系,只是单

纯的过去的情况。比较:I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one. 我丢了钢笔,所以得去买一枝。

I lost my pen, but found it later. 我丢了钢笔,但后来找到了。

当句子中有表示明确过去的状语时,只能用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。如:

他一周以前动身去了纽约。

误:He has left for New York a week ago. 正:He left for New York a week ago.

另外,当句首为疑问词when时,其后可用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。如:

你什么时候和他首次见面的?

误:When have you first met him? 正:When did you first meet him?

3一般将来时

一、意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。

时间标志:tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ,,

二. 构成及变化:

一般将来时常用的两种结构

be going to+动词原形: 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。

shall/will+动词原形: 表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿He’s going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.

It will rain tonight.

一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表

示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

4.过去将来时(would do)

概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

(一)“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如

He said he would come to see me.

他说他要来看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.

他告诉我他将去北京。

(二)“was/ were+going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如:She said she was going to start off at once.

她说她将立即出发。

I was told that he was going to return home.

有人告诉我他准备回家。

此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如:

It seemed as if it was going to rain.

看来好像要下雨。

(三)come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.

他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。

She told me she was coming to see me.

她告诉我她要来看我。

1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.

- Well, he said he _____here on time.

A came

B would come

C can be

D will be

2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.

A was going to cry

B cried

C began to cry

D was crying

3 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.

A as; come

B was; would come

C would be; came

D will be; come

4Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.

A spent

B would spent

C was going to spent

D would spend

5现在进行时( be doing)

1)表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you.

2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.

(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

3)表示计划或安排好了的将来动作,常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用

Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来

一般现在时与现在进行时的区别

(一)一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性,可带频率时间,无时限性。现在进行时表示动作的暂时性;

The shop closes at 7:30 p.m. Father doesn’t smoke. (习惯)

I watch TV every day. (经常性) I am watching TV now. (暂时性)

He studies hard. 他(经常)努力学习。He is studying hard. 他(此刻或现阶段)正在努力学习。

(二)持续动词的一般时表持续情况,表示长久性动作,经常性,习惯性行为或客观存在的

事实、事物的本质特性,没有时限性。进行时表暂时性或有限时刻的持续,表示短暂性动作,The table ____ soft。(feels) 表特性特征。Japan ___ in the east of China。(lives) 表客观事实

He lives in Beijing.(生活在北京-) He is living in Beijing.(目前住在北京暂时性)

Lucy lives in Beijing. (长久性居住) Lucy is living in Beijing.(短时间居住) 短暂动词的一般时叙述事实,特征,能力,而进行时描述反复发生,即将发生或刚开始行为。

He jumps high. (特征) He is jumping very high. (反复)

考题1I don’t really work here! I ___ until the new secretary arrives.

A. just help out

B. Have just helped out

C.am just helping out

D. Will just help out 分析依题意“我不能在此工作”,说明help out这一行为只是眼前暂时发生的事,选C。

考题2It seldom ___ her but it ____ heavily.

A. snows/snows

B.snows /snowing

C. Is snowing /I s snowing

D. Is snowing /snows

分析seldom 表频率叙述经常性事实用一般现在时,but 转折描述眼前暂时情况,用现在进行时,故选B。

(三)现在进行时带always,continually,forever,constantly,for ever等频率副词,表示重

复的动作,有着极大的感情色彩,表示不满或满意。,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。

You’re always forgetting the most important things. (责备) He often helps others. (事实) He is always making noises in class. (讨厌) He is always helping others. (赞扬) He is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干预我的事。(不满)

The students are making progress constantly.学生们在不断进步。(满意)

(四)一些表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词,不能用进行时,不能用现在进行

时态,通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作而应用一般现在时。如:see(明白),hear,know(知道),understand,want(需要;想要),like(喜欢),love,like,hate,wish,hope,believe,hear,have(有),think(想;认为),agree,notice,等等。

I have a lot of friends here.

严格区分进行时与一般时的语义

(五)come,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般时态表客观规定计划,

进行时表主观打算推测。

Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. (表客观规定计划) The plane is taking off an hour later.(主观判断) (六)一般现在时表示现在发生的动作,现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。例如:

Boats pass under the bridge. 船从桥下穿过。The boat is passing under the bridge.船正从桥下穿过。

6 过去进行时(was/were doing)

1)概念:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在

进行的动作

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动

作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语

this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while It was raining when they left the station.

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

典型例题

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made

B. is making

C. was making

D. makes

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

read;was falling B. was reading;fell C. was reading;was falling D. read;fell

一、过去进行时结构:

was/were + 动词的现在分词

否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。

如:He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.

→He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.

→Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.)

→What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?

二、过去进行时用法:

1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的状语连用。如:

(just)then 那时,当时at this/that time 在这/那时yesterday afternoon昨天下午

at nine 在九点last night 昨晚(at)this time yesterday在昨天这个时候但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示。

①What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候,你在做什么?

②I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看电视。

③They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。

2.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用。

(1)From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从1983到1998年,他正在耶鲁大学教书。(2)They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。

(3) He was writing a book those days. 那几天他正在写一本书

3、过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。

(1)过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时,只表示有过这件事;用过去进行时,则强调动作的连续性。

①I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。(信写完了)

I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在写一封信。(信不一定写完)

(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,know,want,notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:

I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。

下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时:

(1) when作并列连词,表示“(这时)突然”之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如:

I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步,突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩,这时下起雨来了。

(2) go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如:

I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。

She was coming later. 她随后就来。

过去进行时巩固练习:

1.Simon _____________ (make) a model plane at 8:00 a.m.

2.Peter ______________(do) his homework at seven last night.

3.They ____________ (watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.

4.He _____________(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

5.What book ________ you ____________(read) when I ________ (see)you at four yesterday afternoon?

6.While she __________ (watch) TV, her son ____________ (play) outside the room.

7.It ________ (begin) to rain when we _____________(work) in the field.

8.I ________ (do) my homework last night when the light _______ (go) out. {go out 意为熄灭}

9.——I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing?

------Oh, I ____________ (read) some books on science.

10.--- Did you see Tim just now?

--- Yes. He __________ (fish) by the river.

11.When the teacher ______ (come) into the classroom, the students __________(laugh)loudly.

7将来进行时(shall/will be doing)

将来某时(段)正进行,预计不久要发生。通常用在口语中,语气委婉顿生情。”

【用法】将来进行时由“助动词will / shall + be + 现在分词”构成,具体用法如下:

(1) 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如:

I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。

Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months.下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。

(2) 在口语中常用来表示按计划或安排即要发生的动作。如:

This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York. 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。 At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programmes on TV. 今晚七时,我将正在

收看电视上的新闻节目。

(3) 表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的事情或将来的某种可能性,说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。如:

We believe that peasants’ life will be getting better and better. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越

好。

If we don’t do so, we shall be making a serious mistake. 如果我们不那样做,我们就会犯严重

的错误。 (4) 表示亲切或委婉的语气。如:

When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面?

【注意】在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如: Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。

If Tom is doing his homework when you come back, don’t disturb him, please. 你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业,请不要打扰他。

8过去将来进行时(should/would be done)

一. 基本结构:

1.过去将来进行时由should(would)+be+现在分词

2.否定:should(would)+not

二. 基本用法:

1.过去将来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。

举例:

They said they would be coming. 他们说了他们将要来。 (用于间接引语中)

He asked me what I should be doing at six the next day. 他问我次日六点将正在做什么。 (用于间接引语中)

The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses. 他将要接受的新工作是养赛

高中英语时态 专题讲解

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