景点英文简介

天坛公园简介中英文对照

2005-04-27 外语办

天坛是现存世界上最大的祭天建筑群。1998年12月被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。

天坛位于北京紫禁城的东南方，是明、清两朝皇帝举行祭天大典的场所，占地273公顷，平面布局北圆南方，象征天圆地方。两道坛墙将坛域分为内外坛，祭祀建筑集中于内坛，并分为南北两部分。南部为“圜丘坛”，北部为“祈谷坛”。南北两坛由一条长360米的甬道丹陛桥相连。祈谷坛西有斋宫。外坛西南分布有神乐署，牺牲所。

祭天在中国有非常悠久的历史，自西周时期统治者提出“君权天授”的理论后，祭天作为统治者维护自己政权的一种活动，得到历代皇帝的重视。朱元璋在南京建立明朝后，立即在钟山之阳（南）建圜丘坛以祭天，在钟山之阴（北）建方泽坛以祭地。不久改天地分祭为合祭制度，建天地坛合祭皇天后土。明成祖朱棣迁都北京后，仿照南京的规制建立了天地坛。北京天地坛建成于明朝永乐十八年十二月（公元1421年2月）主要建筑为大祀殿，基础在现在祈谷坛位置上，规模比南京天地坛大。天地合祭110年后，嘉靖皇帝又将天地合祭改为分祭。在北京城的东、南、西、北四郊建立了日坛、天坛、月坛和地坛，天坛又称为圜丘坛，专门祭祀皇天上帝。

天地分祀后大祀殿即废止。嘉靖十七年（公元1538年）拆大祀殿，在其旧址上仿古明堂建大享殿，以举行秋享上帝典礼。大享殿建在三层圆形坛基上，殿为圆形，三层重檐攒尖金顶。上檐蓝色，中檐黄色，下檐绿色，象征天地人三位一体。

清朝建立后，保留了明代的祭坛和祭祀制度，只是大享殿不再举行大享礼，改为举行祈谷典礼。乾隆十六年（公元1751年）将大享殿改名祈年殿，门改为祈年门，以符祈谷之意。次年三层重檐及皇乾殿、祈年门、皇穹宇等建筑的屋顶均改为蓝色琉璃瓦，以象天色。乾隆十四年（公元1749年），乾隆皇帝将圜丘扩建，坛制不变，但栏板、望柱改为汉白玉，坛面则改铺艾叶青石，上层中心为一圆形石块，外铺九圈扇形石块，内圈九块，其余以九的倍数递增，中、下层亦皆如此。各层栏板、望柱数目和台阶数都为九或九的倍数，以象天数。北京天坛经过乾隆时期的调整完善之后，整个坛遗制度最终形成。同时，祭天礼仪制度也在乾隆时期得以最后确定，明清两朝，北京天坛共有22个皇帝举行过654次祭天大典。1911年清朝皇帝退位，祭天制度废除。天坛也从此失去了皇家祭坛的地位。但1914年袁世凯为复辟帝制，重新制定了一套祭天礼仪及祭祀服饰，于当年冬至举行祭天大典。不久袁世凯身死，洪宪帝制被废。这次祭祀也成为天坛历史上最后一次祭天大典。

作为中国祭天文化的物质载体，天坛积淀了深厚的民族文化内涵。天坛文化涉及中华民族文化的诸多领域，包括历史、政治、哲学、天文、建筑、历法、音乐、绘画、园林、伦理等等，是中国传统文化的集大成。1998年12月2日，在日本京都召开的第22届世界遗产委员会会议上，天坛被列入世界遗产名录。同时，世界遗产委员会高度概括了天坛作为文化遗产的标准：“一、天坛是建筑和景观设计之杰作，朴素而鲜明地体现出对世界伟大文明之一的发展产生过深刻影响的一种极其重要的宇宙观。二、许多世纪以来，天坛所独具的象征性布

局和设计，对远东地区的建筑和规制产生了深刻的影响。三、两千多年来，中国一直处于封建王朝统治之下，而天坛的设计和布局正是这些封建王朝合法性的象征。”

目前，在人民政府的精心保护下，天坛公园正以其深厚的民族文化内涵、宏伟的古典建筑景观、古朴的祭坛环境氛围吸引着成千上万的中外游客前来参观游览。

The Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven is the largest existing architectural complex in the world for the purpose of praying to heaven for good harvests. It was included in the World Heritage List by UNESCO in December 1998.

Located to the southeast of the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven was where emperors of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties worshipped heaven. It covers 273 hectares; the layout is circular in the north and square in the south to symbolize the circular heaven and the square earth. The compound has two surrounding walls; the main buildings for worship are located within the inner wall. The main buildings - the Circular Mound Altar in the south and the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests in the north - are linked with a 360-meter-long passage, called Danbiqiao or Red Stairway Bridge. To the west of the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests lies the Hall of Abstinence; to the southwest are the Divine Music Administration and the Department for Sacrifices.

The Chinese have a long history of worshipping heaven. Because the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th Century-771 BC) claimed that they were empowered by heaven, the worship of heaven was continued by almost all state rulers as a way to uphold their right of administration.

After Zhu Y uanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established his rule in Nanjing, he ordered a circular mound altar built on the southern slope of Zhongshan Mountain to worship heaven and a square altar built on the northern slope to worship earth. Later the ceremonies to worship heaven and earth were merged and held in one temple.

After Zhu Li, the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty, moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, he had the Altar of Heaven and Earth built in the new capital based on the standards of the one in Nanjing, but larger in size. Construction was completed in February, 1421, at the site of today's Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests. The Hall of Worship was the main place for the ceremony.

About 110 years later, Emperor Jiajing issued an order to separate the worship ceremony of heaven from that of earth. Four altars were then built in the four directions (east, south, west and north) of the city of Beijing to worship the sun, heaven, the moon and the earth. The Temple of Heaven, a1so known as the Circular Mound Altar, was built to worship heaven.

The Hall of Worship was abandoned after the separation of the ceremonies and demolished in

1538. On that site was erected the Hall of Fruition, where ceremonies were held in autumn to present the harvest to heaven. The hall, sitting on a three -layer round base, was a round bui1ding with triple-eaved roof: the upper eave was blue, the middle eave yellow and the lower green. This symbolized the combination of the heaven, earth and the people.

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty, which replaced the Ming Dynasty in 1644, kept the worship system. but changed the function of the Hall of Worship from presenting fruits to heaven to prayer for good harvests. The hall was renamed the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in 1751, and the entrance renamed the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvests. The following year the roofs of major buildings were replaced with blue glazed tiles to match the color of the sky. In 1749, Emperor Qianlong had the Circular Mound Altar expanded. The wooden railing and balustrades were replaced with white marble and the ground was paved with blue stones. In the middle of the upper terrace was placed a round stone surrounded by nine concentric rings of paving stones. The number of stones in the first ring is nine, in the second 18, and so on, up to 81 in the ninth ring. The middle and bottom terraces also have nine rings each. Even the numbers of the carved railing, the balustrades and the steps are also in multiples of nine, to coincide with the astronomical phenomena. With all these readjustments, the altar system was finally comp1eted and the worship of the heaven was reformed during the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1736-1795).

A total of 22 Ming and Qing emperors held 654 ceremonies to worship the heaven in Beijing. The worship was abandoned in 1911 when the last emperor of the Qing court abdicated and the Temple of Heaven ended its role as an imperial altar. However, the last ceremony held at the Temple was on the Winter Solstice in 1914 by Y uan Shikai who attempted to reestablish a monarchy. Y uan developed a new ceremony and tailored special attire there for. Y uan died shortly thereafter and his regime was overthrown.

As the place for the worship ceremony, the Temple of Heaven has deep cultural connotations for the Chinese nation. It is a comprehensive expression of Chinese history and culture, politics, philosophy, astronomy, architecture, calendar system, music, painting, gardening and ethics; it synthesizes the traditional culture of the Chinese nation.

On December 2, 1998, the Temple of Heaven was placed onto the World Heritage List at the 22nd conference of the World Heritage Committee. The committee came to the conclusion that the Temple of Heaven is a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design which simply and graphically illustrates a cosmogony of great importance for the evolution of one of the world’s great civilizations. The symbolic layout and design of the Temple of Heaven had a profound influence on architecture and planning in the Far East over many centuries. For more than two thousand years China was ruled by a series of feudal dynasties, the legitimacy of which was symbolized by the design and layout of the Temple of Heaven. Every year, the Temple of Heaven receives millions of visitors from near and afar who are impressed by the complicated cultural presentation, the grand, ancient architectural complex and the secluded surroundings.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:51:29

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颐和园中英文双语简介

2005-04-27 外语办

The Summer Palace in Brief

颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全园占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。园内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米，并以珍贵的文物藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

颐和园前身为清漪园，始建于清朝乾隆十五年(1750)，咸丰十年(1860)被英法联军烧毁。光绪十二年(1886)，清廷挪用海军经费等款项开始重建，并于两年后取用今名，作为慈禧太后的颐养之所。一九零零年又遭八国联军破坏，一九零二年修复。中华人民共和国成立后，几经修缮，颐和园陆续复建了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、文昌院、耕织图等重要景区。

颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。一九九八年十二月，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》，并予以如下评价：1)北京的颐和园是对中国风景园林造园艺术的一种杰出的展现，将人造景观与大自然和谐地融为一体；

2)颐和园是中国的造园思想和实践的集中体现，而这种思想和实践对整个东方园林艺术文化形式的发展起了关键性的作用；3)以颐和园为代表的中国皇家园林是世界几大文明之一的有力象征。

颐和园中英文双语简介

The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water. Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a variety of palaces, gardens and other ancient-style architectural structures. Well known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics, it was among the first group of historical and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection.

The Summer Palace, originally named Qingyi Y uan or the Garden of Clear Ripples, was first constructed in 1750. It was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The Government of the Qing Dynasty started to rebuild it in 1886 with funds that it had misappropriated from the Imperial Navy and other sources. Renamed two years later as Y ihe Y uan or the Garden of Health and Harmony, it was supposed to serve as a summer resort for the

Empress Dowager Cixi. Known also as the Summer Palace, it was ravaged by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers that invaded China in 1900. The damage was repaired in 1902. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Its major attractions such as the Four Great Regions, Suzhou Street, the Pavilion of Bright Scenery, the Hall of Serenity, the Wenchang Galleries and the Plowing and Weaving Scenery Area have been successively restored.

The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design:“The works of men should match the works of Heaven”. In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List with the following comments: 1) The Summer Palace in Beijing is an outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese landscape garden design, incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole; 2) The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east; 3) The imperial Chinese garden, illustrated by the Summer Palace, is a potent symbol of one of the major world civilizations.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:52:36

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仁寿殿中英文双语简介

Hall of Benevolence and Longevity (Renshou Dian)

清漪园时名勤政殿，始建于清乾隆十五年(1750)，咸丰十年(1860)被英法联军烧毁，光绪十二年(1886)重建，取《论语》中"仁者寿"之意，改名仁寿殿。这里是慈禧和光绪住园期间临朝理政、接受恭贺和接见外国使节的地方，为颐和园听政区的主体建筑。

First built in the 15th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1750) during the Qing dynasty, this building was named the Hall of Diligent Government when the whole Summer Palace area was called the Garden of Clear Ripples. In the 12th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1886), the Hall was rebuilt where it had been before the Anglo-French Allied Forces burned it down in the 10th year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign (1860). Citing the saying "the benevolent enjoy longevity" from the Analects of Confucius, it was renamed the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. This was where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu handled court affairs, accepted laudations and received foreign diplomats during their stay in the Summer Palace. As such, it was the Summer Palace's main government building.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:53:31

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Hall of Happiness in Longevity (Leshou Tang)

始建于乾隆十五年(1750)，原为二层，咸丰十年(1860)被英法联军烧毁，光绪十二年(1886)

改建，成为慈禧在园内的居住之地。

乐寿堂中英文双语简介

Built in the 15th year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign (1750), the Hall of Happiness in Longevity originally had two floors. Burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in the 10th year of Emperor Xianfeng’s reign (1860), it was reconstructed in the 12th year of Emperor Guangxu’s reign (1886) to serve as the living quarters for Empress Dowager Ci xi during her stay in the Summer Palace.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:55:03

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Long Corridor (Chang Lang)

始建于乾隆十五年(1750)，后被英法联军烧毁，光绪十二年(1886)重建。长廊东起邀月门，西至石丈亭，共二百七十三间，全长七百二十八米，枋梁上还绘有人物、山水、花鸟等各种彩画八千多幅，是中国古典园林中最长的游廊。长廊中间建有留佳、寄澜、秋水、清遥四座八角重檐的亭子，依山临水，以排云殿为中心，向东西两边对称地展开，将分布在万寿山前的建筑连成一气。

长廊中英文双语简介

The Long Corridor was originally built in the 15th year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign (1750) and then rebuilt in the 12th year of Emperor Guangxu’s reign (1886) because the Anglo-French Allied Forces burned it down in 1860. It starts from Inviting the Moon Gate in the east and ends at Shizhang Pavilion in the west, covering a distance of 728 meters with its 273 sections. Of all the corridors in Chinese classical gardens, the Long Corridor is the longest. On the beams are more than 8,000 colorful paintings depicting stories from Chinese classical novels, folk tales, landscapes as well as flora and fauna. Four pavilions,“Mesmerizing Scenery”,“Harmonizing with the Lake”,“Autumn Water”and“Clear and Carefree”, with octahedral structures and double eaves, were built intermittently along the corridor. Taking the Hall that Dispels the Clouds as the center, the Long Corridor stretches symmetrically to the east and the west along the foot of the hill and the water bank, linking all the structures scattered along the Longevity Hill side into a whole.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:56:46

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Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha (Foxiang Ge)

始建于清乾隆年间，一八六零年被英法联军烧毁，光绪时按原样重建。阁结构为八面三层四重檐，通高36.44米，耸立于20米高的石造台基上，气势雄伟，是颐和园全园的构图中心。阁内供奉有铜铸金裹千手观世音菩萨站像。像高五米，重万斤，为明代万历年间所造，在八根贯通全阁上下的承重铁梨木擎天柱的衬托下，美妙庄严，熠熠生辉，有极高的文物和艺术价值。

佛香阁中英文双语简介

Originally built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860, it was rebuilt in its original style during Emperor Guangxu’s reign (1875-1908). The octahedral tower has three stories with four-layered eaves, altogether 36.44 meters high. Standing upright on a 20 meter-high stone foundation, it constitutes the center of the Summer Palace landscape and serves to accentuate its magnificence. A statue of the thousand-handed Guanshiyin Buddha, cast in bronze and gilded with gold, stands inside the tower. The statue, five meters high and five tons in weight, was cast during the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty. Set off by the eight imposing pillars which support the tower, it glows with beauty, grandeur and brilliance. Its historical, cultural and artistic value can hardly be overstated.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:57:46

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Paiyun Dian, Foxiang Ge

排云殿、佛香阁景区是颐和园内建筑布局最完整、建筑形式最丰富的中轴建筑群体，殿、阁、廊、亭、桥、坊、碑等建筑约两万平方米。从临水的云辉玉宇牌坊至排云门、排云殿、德辉殿、佛香阁、众香界、智慧海、层层升高，排列有序，气势巍峨，金碧辉煌，将园林、寺庙和宫殿融为一体。此景区始建于乾隆十五年(1750)，以大报恩延寿寺为主体，一八六零年被英法联军烧毁，光绪年间改建成现在的规模。

排云殿、佛香阁景区简介

Scenic Spot of the Hall that Dispels the Clouds and the Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha

This scenic spot covers an area of 20,000 square meters with an assortment of buildings such as palaces, towers, corridors, pavilions, walkways, bridges, archways and inscribed stone steles. It comprises a well-arranged group of structures, all diverse in style, located in the center of the Summer Palace garden. This complex of structures, ranging from the Glowing Clouds and Holy Land Archway on the waterside, the Gate that Dispels the Clouds, the Hall that Dispels the Clouds, the Hall of Moral Glory, and the Tower of the Fragrance of the Buddha, to the Realm of Popular Fragrance and the Sea of Wisdom Temple, were built in an orderly manner running from the foot of the hill to its top, with gardens, temples and palaces harmoniously integrated into the whole. This manifests beauty, grace and splendor, reminiscent of the loftiness and grandeur of a once mighty empire. This whole area, with the Temple of Immense Gratitude and Longevity in the center, was built in the 15th year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign (1750) and burned down by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The area was restored during the reign of Emperor Guangxu.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:58:48

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Garden of V irtue and Harmony (Dehe Y uan)

兴建于清光绪十七年(1891)，历时五年建成，是专供慈禧太后看戏的地方。园内的三层戏台是中国规模最大、保存最完好的木结构古戏台，其建筑设计精巧、气势宏伟，极富科学和艺术价值；清代著名京剧表演艺术家杨小楼，谭鑫培等都曾在此为慈禧太后献艺，被誉为

“京剧的摇篮”；慈禧太后也曾赏赐一些王公大臣在此看戏。

游客在园中可以直观地感受慈禧当年看戏的场景，并可目睹到大量珍贵的帝后生活用品及外国馈赠清室的礼物。

德和园中英文双语简介

This garden was built as a theater for the Empress Dowager. Its construction began in the 17th year of Emperor Guangxu’s reign (1891) and lasted for five years. The three-storey theater stage is the biggest and best-preserved wooden stage of delicate design and magnificent structure, and is therefore of much scientific and artistic value. Famous Beijing Opera actors of the Qing Dynasty such as Y ang Xiaolou and Tan Xinpei would come here to perform for the Empress Dowager and the stage was regarded as the“Cradle of Beijing Opera”. The Empress Dowager also granted special permission for some of the princes, dukes and cabinet ministers to watch Beijing opera here.

Visitors can imagine the scene when the Empress Dowager watched opera in this garden. A large number of precious articles used by emperors and empresses, as well as some of the gifts presented to the Qing court by foreign states, are on display here.

-- 作者：译仙

-- 时间：2006-8-17 18:59:37

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Suzhou Jie (Suzhou Street)

原称买卖街，乾隆时仿江南水乡而建，是专供清代帝后逛市游览的的一条水街，一八六零被英法联军焚毁，一九九零年在遗址上复建。街全长三百余米，以水当街，以岸作市，沿岸设有茶馆、酒楼、药房、钱庄、帽店、手饰铺、点心铺等六十多个铺面，集中展现了十八世纪中国江南的商业文化氛围。

苏州街中英文双语简介

Originally called Merchants Street, it was built in the style of South China towns during Emperor Qianlong’s reign (1736-1795). It was a street where emperors and empresses could pretend to go shopping as ordinary people and it was burned to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and restored in 1990. The 300-meter street is built over water with shops and stands on the bank. More than 60 businesses, including a teahouse, a restaurant, a pharmacy, a bank, a hat store, a jewelry store and a grocery store, operate on the bank, presenting a concentrated illustration of the commercialism in South China towns in the 18th century.

-- 作者：haha

-- 时间：2006-8-17 20:53:51

-- 景点中英对照接龙

继续增加一些景点中英对照材料：

旅游景点英译

来自：《英语辅导报》

北京部分

北海公园Beihai Park

故宫博物院the Palace Museum

革命历史博物馆the Museum of Revolutionary History 天安门广场Tian'anmen Square

毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall

保和殿the Hall of Preserving Harmony

中和殿the Hall of Central Harmony

长城the Great Wall

午门the Meridian Gate

紫金山天文台Purple and Gold Hills Observation

紫禁城the Forbidden City

御花园Imperial Garden

颐花园Summer Palace

天坛Temple of Heaven

周口店遗址Zhoukoudian Ancient Site

太和殿the Hall of Supreme Harmony

祈年殿the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest

少年宫the Children's Palace

烽火台the Beacon Tower

人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People

清东陵Eastern Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty 乾清宫Palace of Heavenly Purity

民族文化宫the Cultural Palace for Nationalities 劳动人民文化宫Worker People's Cultural Palace 北京工人体育馆Beijing Worker's Stadium

其它城市

护城河the Moat

仙人洞Fairy Cave

黄果树瀑布Huangguoshu Falls

西山晴雪the Sunny Western Hills after Snow

避暑山庄the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort 龙门石窟Longmen Cave

苏州园林Suzhou Gardens

庐山Lushan Mountain

天池Heaven Pool

蓬莱水城Penglai Water City

大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda

华山Huashan Mountain

峨嵋山Emei Mountain

石林Stone Forest

西湖West Lake

白马寺White Horse Temple

白云山White Cloud Mountain

布达拉宫Potala Palace

大运河Grand Canal

滇池Dianchi Lake

杜甫草堂Du Fu Cottage

都江堰Dujiang Dam

鼓浪屿Gulangyu Islet

观音阁Goddess of Mercy Pavilion

归元寺Guiyuan Buddhist Temple

甘露寺Sweet Dew Temple

黄花岗七十二烈士墓Mausoleum of the 72 Martyrs 华清池Huaqing Hot Spring

昭君墓Zhaojun's Tomb

**故居Mao Zedong's Former Residence

周恩来故居Zhou Enlai's Former Residence

越秀公园Y uexiu Park

岳阳楼Y ueyang Tower

南湖公园South Lake Park

中山公园Zhongshan Park

武侯祠Temple of Marquis Wu

漓江Lijiang River

寒山寺Hanshan Temple

静心斋Heart-East Study

黄鹤楼Y ellow Crane Tower

黄山Huangshan Mountain

天下第一关the First Pass Under Heaven

桂林山水Guilin Scenery with Hills and Waters

秦始皇兵马俑Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Figurines

-- 作者：haha

-- 时间：2006-8-17 21:05:29

-- 接龙

南岳大庙导游词中英对照

各位团友：

大家好！欢迎各位来南岳衡山观光旅游，很高兴能和大家一起参观有“江南小故宫”之称的南岳大庙，并很荣幸能和大家共度一段美好时光，祝大家游得开心，玩得尽兴！

各位团友，现在呈现在我们眼前的这座宫殿式古建筑群，就是有名的南岳大庙，位于南岳古镇北端，赤帝峰下。它是一组集民间祠庙、佛教寺院、道教宫观及皇宫建筑于一体的建筑群，也是我国南方及五岳之中规模最大的庙宇，占地面积98500平方米。始建年代不详，地方誌有记载的大庙最早建于唐开元十三年（公元725年），历经宋、元、明、清历朝各代六次大火和十六次重修扩建，现存建筑于清光绪八年（公元1882年）重建，它是仿照北京故宫建的宫殿式的古建筑群，因此有“江南小故宫”之美称。中轴线上的主体建筑由棂星门、奎星阁、正川门（正南门）、御碑亭、嘉应门、御书楼、正殿、寝宫和北后门九进、四重院落组成。东边有八个道观、西边有八个佛寺，中轴线上则是儒家的建筑风格。虽然儒、释、道三教信仰不同，追求各异，但他们长期以来友好相处、共同发展、同存共荣。儒、释、道三教共存一庙，这是我国乃至世界庙宇中绝无仅有的。早在明清时期，大庙就以其出色的木刻、石雕、泥塑被誉为“江南三绝”。同时以八百蛟龙为最大特色，无论殿宇的梁柱、屋檐，

还是柱基、神座，乃至门框、斗拱，神态各异的蛟龙，随处可见，原来这里自古就有八百蛟龙护南岳的传说。

我们现在所站的这座石拱桥，叫“寿涧”桥，桥下是寿涧水，盛传“取岳山之水可以延年益寿”，因为南岳是寿山、寿岳，所以这座桥，是因水而得名的。相传，如果谁能三步跨过这座桥，便可长命百岁。

各位请抬头看看大庙的正门叫什么门？有谁能认出第一个字来？（停顿）这位小姐说对啦，念“灵”字音，有好些人认不出此字，这也难怪，因为用这个“棂”字冠以庙门的很少见。不知诸位是否去过山东孔庙，孔庙的正门即是棂星门，其实，在中国也只有这两处“棂星门”。那是为什么呢？因为棂星本是28宿之一，叫天田星。据《星经》记载：门以“棂星”命名，意思是人才辈出，为国所用。因此，一般的庙宇绝不可用“棂星”来命名。要用“棂星”冠以庙门，必须达到三个很苛刻的要件：第一，是规模较大、气势宏伟的庙宇；第二，必须是人才辈出的地方；第三，须皇帝下诏书。达到以上三个条件才能建棂星门，可见，我们南岳确实是个人杰地灵的风水宝地。凡是出入此门的人，都将成为祖国各条战线上的栋梁之才。请各位仔细看看棂星门的对联，看有谁能将它正确念出？这位老先生念得很准：棂环卐字，槛绕回文，仰台阁辉煌，是谓仙宸帝阙；星敛贪狼，风仪和凤，喜山河奠定，同游化日光天。这是副老联新刻的联语，它高度赞扬了大庙佛道并存及建筑规模之辉煌和祖国形势之大好。在棂星门上方的汉白玉碑上，有金光闪闪的“岳庙”二字，是衡山学者康和声所书。门原是木结构的，到民国二十一年（1932年）才换成花岗石门，门高和宽均为20米，厚1.1米，是我国现存的最高、最宽的石质牌坊大门。牌坊上的坊顶，方中有圆，圆中有方，大家想想看这是个什么呢？对啦，是颗石印，象征南岳圣帝的玉玺，寓示着南岳庙至高无上的地位。门前这两只古朴大方、形态逼真的石狮（西边一只为雄狮戏珠，东边一只为母狮戏仔），常年蹲在这里，喜迎四海嘉宾进入这吉祥之门。

各位朋友，请跟随我一起循着昔日皇宫贵族的足迹迈入棂星门逐一参观游览。跨入棂星门，即是一个翠柏夹道、古树参天，绿草如茵的庭院。院内左右有水火池（俗称放生池），两边有东西碑亭。东亭中置有明成化年间尚书商辂撰写的《重修南岳庙记》碑刻；西亭中置有宋代范纯仁撰写的《祭衡岳文》碑。

前面所见的这座古朴典雅、精致玲珑的楼阁叫奎星阁，又名盘龙亭，此为大庙的第二进。它为重檐歇山顶建筑，面积139平方米。大家看到，阁楼上有“戏台”二字，的确，这是湖南省保存最完好的一座古戏台。为何称为“戏台”呢？据说历代帝王天子或朝庭命官来岳祭拜岳神时，地方官员都要请一些戏班子和民间艺人前来演唱，以增添喜庆气氛。戏台基座上有四个大铜钱孔，这些铜钱孔起什么作用？它们起扩音的作用，同时也象征着国富民强，国泰民安。如今回首看看戏台两侧保存下来的“静听之”、“细思之”的题字，实在令人感慨万千。在戏台的中央顶部，有一条巨大的木雕盘龙，由香樟树雕刻而成，雕刻技术高超，工艺精湛，而且还会转动哩！故此亭又叫盘龙亭。

既是戏台，又名盘龙亭，那为何称“奎星阁”呢？大家清楚，魁星乃文曲星之首，《孝经》记载：“奎主文章”，后人进而把奎星演化为文官之首，主管文人学士成败命运。在三楼阁顶内原塑有一尊右手执笔、左手捧斗、形态森然的奎星塑像，以示崇文之意。相传谁被他点中，就会连中三元，即古代科举考试中的解元、会元和状元。现在有很多望子成龙的父母都带着子女前来这神奇的奎星阁祭拜，希望能如愿以偿。

阁楼两侧有钟、鼓二亭，左边钟亭原有一口九千斤重的大钟，右边鼓亭原有一个直径2米的大鼓，据传钟鼓齐鸣可以镇住洪水，使龙王不敢兴风作浪，以保国泰民安。

眼前这座很象一个“川”字的三个半圆形门叫“川门”，也叫正南门，是岳庙的第三进，门洞高15米，全由青砖砌成，川门分为正川门和东西川门。正川门在古代时只有帝王天子和朝庭命官才能通行，平民百姓，只能走东、西川门。门洞上原有一栋造型别致，四周有棂窗的大阁楼，可惜在1944年被日军炸毁，后来整修成平台，登上平台可以俯瞰大庙全景。现在我们所见的阁楼为1997年重建。

过了川门，即到了第四进御碑亭。亭系木结构，为八角重檐攒尖顶，红柱碧瓦，雀替斗拱，脊兽齐备、玲珑夺目，八个飞檐角均挂有鱼尾铁钟，风动钟响，清脆动听。此亭又叫百寿亭，亭的四周檐板上撰写了200个篆体各异的“寿”字，每个寿字构思巧妙，无一雷同，意思是住在“寿岳”的人们能延年益寿。亭内是清康熙四十七年所立的御制青石碑，碑高6.6米，重约四千斤，上刻清圣祖玄烨亲撰《重修南岳庙记》碑文279字，内容叙述了康熙年间重修南岳大庙的经过，遗憾的是康熙皇帝的手迹毁于文革之中，石碑顶上有双龙捧日的浅雕盘龙，栩栩如生。碑座有龟趺，是由一整块青石镂凿而成，重20吨。我们所见的这青石龟有几种说法，一说为龙子，相传龙生九子，各有奇能，此乃龙王的第九个儿子叫贔屃，它好文不好武，且擅长负重，据说碑碣立在他的背上便可久经沧桑而不倒，永存后世。因此，历代都用它驮着御碑，供游人欣赏。二说此青石龟叫千年长寿吉祥龟，非常有灵气，人们都说“摸摸龟头，一生不愁；摸摸龟背，大富大贵；摸摸龟身，财运（官运）亨通；摸摸龟尾，办事不累；摸摸龟爪，一切都好；从头摸到尾，万事不后悔”。大家不妨试试，带些灵气回家哦！关于这只乌龟的来历还有一民间传说，由于时间关系，暂且不说。大家若有兴趣，稍后再讲述给各位听。

看完御碑亭，让我们接着参观第五进嘉应门，嘉应门是历史上迎接宾客的仪门。古人云：“天地顺而嘉应降”，“嘉应”是有客从远方而来的意思。历代皇帝及朝庭命官来南岳祭祀，地方官员和庙祝都在此恭候迎接。此门宽36.8米，深16米，高18米，为单檐歇山七开间建筑，是整个大庙最宽的地方。门内外原有历代祭祀祝文，修庙碑记及众多的名人雅士的诗词文赋碑刻，不同时代，不同书体，各有千秋，蔚为壮观。可惜在文革中被砸毁，现仅存有清代张凤枝、卞宝弟《重修岳庙记》两块碑刻。嘉应门两侧是东、西回廊，各有厢房53间，东回廊外有八座道观，西回廊外为八个佛寺，分别供僧、道居住。这八寺、八观表示原本势不两立、水火不相容、佛道不相存的佛道两教在南岳衡山这个神奇的地方，两教地位平等，同存共荣。这种独特的佛、道教共存的现象，堪称一绝。

现在我们往前看到的则是第六进御书楼。楼内原藏有御制匾七块和历代祭文与祝文及加封岳神碑等。遗憾的是这些珍贵文物都毁于十年浩劫之中。御书楼现为文物展览之所，主要展出南岳附近出土及收藏的200余件珍贵文物。这些对研究古代南岳的政治、经济、军事、文化等方面都具有重大价值。

穿过御书楼，展现在各位眼前的这座气势雄伟，金碧辉煌，雕梁画栋，仿照故宫太和殿式的建筑，便是整个大庙的精华所在——即第七进圣帝殿，又叫正殿。它凌空屹立在十六级石阶之上，为重檐歇山式建筑，殿基长35.3米，宽53.68米，高31.11米，占地面积1877平方米。正殿不仅是整个大庙的最高建筑物，而且高出南岳古镇所有建筑物，以显示其至高

无上的地位。殿内外共有72根石柱，象征着南岳72峰。

我们现在所见的正殿前端的两座对称的宝库，是供香客焚化香纸炮烛的熔炉。很久以来，一直盛传着“南岳圣帝有求必应，照远不照近”。的确每年来自国内外进香朝拜的客人数以百万计，且很多人年年都来朝拜。右边的这座宝库是供活着的人祈福焚香用的，左边的一座则是为祭祀先人焚香的地方，请各位在烧香时可不要烧错了香炉哟。“既然南岳圣帝照远不照近，那么，南岳人一定不信南岳圣帝啰。”确实南岳人平时很少拜圣帝，但在南岳却形成了一个约定俗成的规矩，就是当地居民在每年大年初一日开门的第一件事一定是带着香、炮、烛去大庙给南岳圣帝拜年，在给圣帝拜年的途中遇到亲朋好友、同事等视而不见，互不招呼。而在大年三十的夜晚，随着新年钟声的敲响，佛、道两教的高僧高道聚集在圣帝殿前举行隆重的新年祈福法会，那时人声鼎沸、鞭炮震天、欢天喜地、热闹非凡。因而参加新年祈福法会（烧头香），便成了南岳最有吸引力的特色旅游项目。大家看到通往正殿前的16级石阶中的这条汉白玉拜殿游龙，昂首拽尾，相传它不甘拜圣，欲飞天遁逃，结果被雷神击落在殿前，摔成五节，让它永远看守正殿，以示惩罚。

请各位抬头看正殿屋脊上有许多陶龙，大的长达三米，小的不足一尺，陶龙作为建筑装饰物始于唐代，现在屋顶所见的这些陶龙都是清朝时留下的原物，涂上彩釉，经过高温烧制成型，任凭日晒雨淋，冰封雪冻，都永葆色彩鲜艳，是陶瓷工艺中的佼佼者。殿屋脊中央是一个高4.55米，重千斤的七节青铜葫芦，脊角两端各有一把长一米，重三百斤的青铜宝剑，铸造光洁，历久不锈，既起避雷作用，又起装饰效果，使整个大殿增添壮丽神奇的色彩，得到国内外不少建筑、冶金专家的称赞。大殿四周有花岗石钩栏，126个石柱上雕有狮、象、麒麟、形态可掬。144块汉白玉栏板都是双面浮雕，刻有飞禽走兽，花鸟虫鱼和田园风光等，内容大都取材于《山海经》上的神话和历代传说典故。雕刻刀法刚健、线条流畅、构图奇巧。正殿前门的木槅门页上是一组“卧冰求鲤”的《二十四孝图》、《十八学士图》和三十六台古典故事浮雕，维妙维肖，形象逼真，精彩动人。在72根石柱中，只有正门前两根是由整块花岗石凿成，柱高6米，直径1米，重达14吨，其余70根均由两截连接而成。

大殿正中汉白玉基座的神龛内，供奉着高达6.3米的南岳司天昭圣帝，也就是祝融火神。祝融是上古轩辕时代黄帝手下的一名火正官，由于他以火施化、教民熟食、生火御寒、举火驱兽，其功德光融天下，黄帝命他为火正官（火神、赤帝）。并委任他主管南方事物，祝融以南岳衡山为栖息之所，死后葬于衡山，人们为了纪念他，便以衡山最高峰命名为祝融峰，并建祠纪念，埋葬他的山头叫赤帝峰。历代帝王都派出大臣来南岳隆重祭祀，祈求圣帝“以卫社稷，而福生灵”。圣帝左右立着金、吴二将，两侧是吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部尚书。神龛背面画有“老龙教子”巨幅壁画，幅面高7.4米，宽6.3米。各位请抬头看，石柱上承木柱，架接大梁，大梁用四个巨大的木雕彩凤花瓶的叶瓣支撑上面的梁架，几百个斗拱，一个个、一层层递叠到屋顶。真是木雕彩凤绕梁翩翩起舞，梁柱盘龙张牙舞爪，殿上木雕刻画维妙维肖。殿后大门上的“五龙朝圣”石刻活灵活现，呼之欲出；檐中的丹凤朝阳，三龙戏珠泥塑更是栩栩如生。整个殿宇由彩绘装饰得富丽堂皇，真可谓是集建筑艺术之大成，是一座雕刻的艺术宫苑。特别是反映数千年传统文化的木雕、石刻、泥塑，数量之多、品种之全、技艺之高超，无不令人惊叹。这些都反映了古代劳动人民精湛的技艺、高超的智慧。

大庙的第八进是寝宫，又称圣公圣母殿。殿中神座上原设有南岳圣帝与夫人景明后坐像，圣帝父母亲坐像，殿内原有万斤铜佛趺坐，可惜在文革中被付之一炬。现在所看到的是1990年重塑的圣公圣母坐像。圣公圣母是保佑夫妻恩爱、白头到老，百年好合的。各位可一定要

拜拜他们啰。

北后门为岳庙最后一进，是岳庙中轴线上的终点。后门为单檐硬山三开间，东有注生殿，代表道教，祀注生真君，亦称南斗星君。东晋《授神记》载，南斗注生，北斗注死，注生之名，即由此而来。西有辖神殿，又称辖神祠，主祀辖神总管像，代表佛教。一观一寺再次体现了南岳佛道并存的特色。

好，南岳大庙到这里就参观完了，非常感谢大家的支持与合作，希望这次南岳之行能给各位留下美好的回忆，不到之处敬请各位提出宝贵意见。同时竭诚欢迎各位再次光临南岳衡山，再见！

Good morning! Ladies and gentlemen:

Today we will go and visit the Nanyue Temple, Nanyue Temple is situated on the northern tip of Nanyue Township and at the southern foot of Chidi Peak. In a layout of nine rows, It is the largest and best-preserved ancient palatial architectural complex of south China. Magnificent and splendid with resplendent upturned eaves. Inside the east in parallel to eight Buddhist palaces on the west, It is indeed a wonder in the history of religion that Taoism. Buddhism and Confucian culture can co-exist within a single temple.

The exact time of the construction of Nanyue Temple is unknown. It existed asearly as in the Qin and Han Dynastis. Originally Located on the summit of Zhurong Peak, The temple was later moved to the mountain foot to facilitate the religious activities. The beginning of the Tang Dynasty witnessed the formal construction of the Heavenly Lord Huo"s Temple" the "Heavenly Master Temple". So as to enshrine and worship the Gods of the five sacred mountains, During the Song Dynasty the immortal of the Hengshan Mountain was revered as the "Heavenly Master Zhaosheng",as a result the temple was gradually expanded and enlarged. Since the Tang Dynasty Nanyue Temple had beed subject to six fires and 16reconstructions all through the Song. Y uan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 8th year of Emperor Guangxu"s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1882 A.D), the Imperial Court ordered the rbuilding of Nanyue Temple. Which had been ruined by lightning, The project was imitative. Copying the styles of the Imperial Palace. And even to the present day it is still well preserved.

Fenced with red-brick walls.Nanyue Temple ccupies an area of some 70.000 square metres. From north to south lies in sequence nine rows and four courtyards-Lingxing Gate. Kuixing Tower. Chuan Gate. Pavilion of Imperial Study, Main Hall, Dwelling Palace and the Northern Rear Exit. The whole architecture complex stretches across on axis extending from south to north with its halls linked up together. The winding corridors and wing-rooms on both sides merge with each other. Accentuating the magnificence of the stature of the principal part. On the east side of the main temple there are eight Taoist palaces. Coordinating with eight Buddhist palaces on the west side.

The first row is Lingxing Gate. Two gilded Chinese characters "Mountain Temple" are shining on the white marble at the top of the gate. The marble gate stands as high as 20 metres with a width

of 1.1 metres and is meant to imply that during the past dynasties all the religious activities were officiated by real knowledgeable people. The second row is kuixing Tower. The most perfectly preserved ancient stage in Human Province.with a breadth of 35metres and a length of 12. Its fa?ade facing the main palace, the stage is the place where people hold religious activities and perform local operas during pilgrimage. Before the tower stands a pair of 2-metre tall stone Kylin (Chinese unicorn). With their furious eyes widely open. They are like two solemn looking sentinels guarding the tower.

The pebble path under the Kuixing Tower leads to the third row-Main Chuan Gate. East and West Gates. The gateway is made of gray bricks with an awesome depth and height of 15 metres. The courtyard within is filled with dense cypress trees and carpeted with green grass. The fourth row is the Pavilion of Imperial Study. Distinguished by its gilded tiles. Octagonal doubleeaved roofs and exquisitely-crafted arches. Inside the pavilion there is a Bixi in the shape of a legendary animal like tortoise. Legend has it that Bixi is the ninth son of the dragon. The Bixi carries an imperial stele on which the full text of On Rebuilding Nanyue Temple was carved in the 47th year of Kangxi"s reign(1780 A.D.) in the Qing dynasty.

The fifth row is Jiaying Gate. Named after the line from The Annals of Han-Books of Rites and Joys: "This row is the place where local magistrates and monks welcomed ritual officials dispatched from the capital. After the Jiaying Gate the sixth row comes into view-Tower of Imperial Study. Which is the storehouse of the collection of imperial calligraphies .messages and inscribed boards concerning the past emperors" ritual presentations to the mountain. Sweeet osmanthus ahead of the tower submerges the building with its refreshing scent when it blossoms every autumn.

The seventh row is the Main Palace. Surrounded by towering old trees. Camphor trees planted in the Song Dynasty and cypress in the Ming Dynasty compete with each other in setting off the beauty of the upturned double-roofs and the splendour of the palace. Adding tremendous awe to the Main Palac. As it stands 29.11 metres, its girandeur rivals that of the Palace of supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Inside the palace there are 72 stone pilliars, standing for the 72 peaks on the Hengshan Mountain. The two huge pillars upholding the main roofs were cut out of a whole granite. Each weighing 14 tons.

Encircled by the balustrades are 144 relief sculptures carved out of white marbles. Based on Shanhai Jing . Pillars on the forefront overlap. Carved on them are 56 historical and legendary thles . On the square door were carved the Images. On the square door were carved the Images of the 24 filial Sons and the Images of the 18 Scholars. Here tourists can get a rough idea of the age-old Chinese Confucian and Taoist cultures. Clay statues-Heavenly King Zhaosheng and General Jin and Wu line up in the palace with their impressively dignified look, calling forth in tourists a feeling of profound respect.

The eighth row is the dwelling Palacewith double roofs and in perfect harmony with the whole mountain. This structure keeps up the architectural style of the Song Dynasty and is decorated with coloured drawings and patterns whichare popular among palaces in the North. giving a sense of gorgeousness to this palace. The ninth row is the Northern Rear Exit. The end of the axial

architecture, with Zhusheng Palace to the right and Chief God Palace to the left, At the back of the exit. A path leads farther into the mountain.

Nanyue Temple occupies a prominent position in the history of ancient Chinese architecture. It carries the grandeur characterized by palaces in the North. And at the same time it smacks of the loveliness featured by gardens in the South. The architectural arrangement of the temple is clearly demarcated and gently modulated. Strongly indicating the ingenuity and originality of the craftsmen. Its ground and upper layouts are like an eternal musical movement with its own overture, main body and coda. Demonstrating the excellence of ancient Chinese architecture.

Nanyue Temple carries a profound cultural connotation. It boasts a large number of clay statues. Wood engravings and stone carvings, which are all closely linked up with Chinese tradition and culture. Over 800 dragons of various sizes, which are the symbol of the Chinese nation.can be found everwhere in the temple. The carvings on the roof wood and white marble balustrades are an encyclopedia of ancient history and mythology. There are fairy tales- "Pan Gu Creating the Universe." "Hou Yi Shooting the Suns", "Jing Wei Filling up the Ocean"?-; real stories about some historical figures- "Su Wu Shepherding Sheep." "sleeping on sticks and Tasting the Gallbladder." "Da MO Crossing the Sea"?- ; legends extolling filial piety- "Melting the Ice with Body Warmth to Catch Carps." "Weeping on the Bamboo until it Turns into shoots"?- Most of the carvings are the lgends about the earliest ancestors of Taoist immortals. As early as in the Qing and Ming Dynasties, clay status, wood engraving and stone carving were reputed as "the Three Wonders to the South of the Y angtze River."

All through the dynasties Nanyue Temple has been a thriving place to hold religious activities both for the feudal imperial courts and the ordinary people. Every year the temple greets nearly 1.000.000 pilgrims. The offerings, presentation, titles and other customs are almost the same as they were thousands years ago. There are "bowing pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims bow with each step or with every three steps , and "hunger pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims bow with each step or with every three steps. "And hunger pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims refrain from food during their trip. More often. Pilgrims would set off in throngs. They wear gray clothes with a red cloth attached to their chest reading "Hengshan Mountain Pilgrimage." Holding buring incenses in hand. Those pious pilgrims chant pilgriming theme" to pray for the peace of the nation and the wealth of people, making it a really spectacular scene on the mountain.

-- 作者：haha

-- 时间：2006-8-17 21:05:59

--

凤凰古城导游词中英文对照

凤凰古城——国家历史文化名城，曾被新西兰著名作家路易艾黎称赞为中国最美丽的小城之一。这里与吉首的德夯苗寨，永顺的猛洞河，贵州的梵净山相毗邻，是怀化、吉首、贵州铜仁三地之间的必经之路。209国道和湘黔省道从县境穿*过，铜仁大兴机场距县城仅27公里，交通便利.凤凰风景秀丽，历史悠久，名胜古迹甚多。城内，古代城楼、明清古院风

采依然，古老朴实的沱江静静地流淌，城外有南华山国家森林公园，城下艺术宫殿奇梁洞，建于唐代的黄丝桥古城，举世瞩目的南方长城……这里不仅风景优美，且地杰人灵，名贤辈出。

美丽的小城凤凰山城，位于沱江之畔，群山环抱，关隘雄奇。碧绿的江水从古老的城墙下蜿蜒而过，叠翠的南华山麓倒映江心。江中渔船数点，山间暮鼓晨钟兼鸣，悬崖上的吊脚楼轻烟袅袅，码头边的浣纱姑笑声郎郎，……啊！凤凰犹如“一副浓墨浅彩的中国山水画”。当你徜徉古城用条石砌成的岩板街时，两边的古建筑各抱地势，鳞次栉比，亭台楼阁重重叠叠，如巨龙飞舞，似鳌鱼展翅。细雨声中，仿佛传来进香人的牛皮钉鞋敲击街面，发出“叮叮”的响声，使人产生隔世之感.

沈从文故居位于南中营街，是一座典型的南方四合古院。古院正中有小天井，用红石方石板铺成。天井四周为砖木结构的古屋，正屋三间，厢房四间，共十余间。房屋矮小，虽无雕龙画凤，但显得小巧别致，古色古香。特别是雕花的木窗带有湘西特色，格外引人注目。

1902 年12月28日，沈从文就诞生在这里。他的童年就是在这里度过的。故居历时一百多年，是沈从文祖父沈宏富手上置办的。由于历史演变，几经易主，为了表示对沈从文老人的崇敬之情，学习他勤学自励，艰苦笔耕，对国家文学事业的卓越贡献的自学精神，激励后人。1988年县人民政府决定购回此屋，重新整修。并带图样赴京送沈从文审定。沈从文带病接见，对图样提出意见，并说：“房子烂了，修一下也好，但要将就修上，不要花很多钱，家乡还很穷，要尽量节约”。

经过整修，使这百年古院再现原貌。现门上挂有“沈从文旧居”匾额。右边一室，是沈从文生平的照片，二室是沈从文书稿手迹，左边厢房陈列各种版本的从文著作。正屋中堂挂着沈从文的素描画像。左边房是卧室，是沈从文出生的地方。右边房陈列着大理石桌面的书桌等物。

熊希龄故居位于凤凰古城北文星街内的一个小巷里，故居往东200米便是秀丽的沱江。故居为四合院系南方古式的木瓦结构，比较矮小但很精致，故居现存房屋4间基本是保持原貌，很富于苗族情调，为县重点文物保护单位。民国6年（1917）夏秋之际京津一带水灾严重，他负责督办水灾河工善后事宜，并主持募捐，救济灾民。民国七年（1918），得政府同意，将香山静宜园改建为慈幼院，收养教育受灾流浪儿童。他自己掌管一切院务，时20年之久。他有一首诗写道：

万树桃花手自栽，病中犹为看花来。

儿童月与花俱长，各自拈花笑一回。

杨家祠堂始建于道光16年（1836年），木结构四合院，上下两层，占地770 平方米，由大门、戏台、过厅、廊房、正厅组成，呈长方形。戏台为单檐歇山顶，檐下饰如意斗拱，高16米，四根台柱雕龙刻凤，戏台为穿斗式，正殿为抬梁式，整个建筑做工精细，极富民族特色，属县重点文物保护单位。

杨家祠堂座落在县城东北部的古城墙边。太子少保、果勇侯、镇竿总兵杨芳捐资修建于

清道光十六年（1836年）。祠堂由大门、戏台、过亭、廊房、正厅、厢房组成，是典型的四合院建筑，占地770平方米。戏台为单檐歇山顶，穿斗式结构，高16米，面阔7米，进深8米；檐下如玉斗拱，台柱雕龙刻凤。正殿为抬梁式建筑，山墙为猫背拱，分为一明二暗三间。两边配有厢房。杨家祠堂设计精巧，做工精细。窗户、门、檐饰件均糸镂空雕花，整体建筑具有鲜明的民族特色和很高的建筑艺术价值。

中国南部长城位于湘黔边区，上自贵州铜仁，下至湖南保靖，全长380余里，建于明朝万历43年(公园1615)，几经续修后于清朝嘉靖年间定型，其碉堡墙一般高2.3米，基宽1.7米,顶宽1米，墙体大都就地取材用石块，页岩砌成。中间填以乱石和泥土，绕山跨涧，曲折蜿蜒,大部分建在险峻的山岭上，沿途建有1232 座用于屯兵御用的汛堡、屯卡、哨台、碉堡、炮台、关厢、关门及无数用石块垒成的兵房，当时一般驻防军队8000人左右，如今的一些地名如阿拉营、天星营、黄合营、王坡屯营、得胜营、乾石营、振武营、牛斗营等带营字的地方都是长城边上的驻军要点。

凤凰古城英文

ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where we"re arriving is "one of the two most beautiful town in China"----the old town of fenghuang,

it"s a very important point that connects huaihua hunan and tongren guizhou together.and it"s the hometown of mr shengcongwen.

fenghuang has wonderful natural landscapes,it"s very hot for travelling since the old time. even a lot of teleplays were produced here.fenghuang is also a dradle for famous people ,shencongwen and xiongxiling are both spent their childhood here.

now, let"s set out to enjoy these fantastic good views.

THE FORMER RESIDENCE OF SHENCONGWEN

This is the former residence of shencongwen,a very famous auther, archaeologist and historian in china.

lined in the zhongying street in the south part of the fenghuang old town, the residence is a typical spacious ancient countryard with special tectonic style of ming and qing dynasty. walk into the yard, you can find that there is a small patio in the center of the countryard. which is built with red rock. around the patio , there are about 10 rooms which are small but decorated by special carved wooden windows .it"s so beautiful.

this countryard is built by mr shen"s grandfather in 1866 on dec.28,1902. shencongwen was born in the old countyard.and spent his childhood here. in 1917,when he was 15 years old, mr shen left family and joined the army. from 1917 to 1922, mr shen had lived with soildiers, farmers, workers and some other