四川大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

四川大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

考生请注意：

1．本试题共5大题，共12页，请考生注意检查，考试时间为180分钟。

2．1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。

3．翻译和作文请答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。书写要求字迹清楚、工整。

I．Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)

Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Passage one

Speech is so familiar a feather of daily that we rarely pause to define it. It seems as natural to man as walking as and only less so than breathing. Yet it needs but a moment’s reflection to convince us that this naturalness of speech is but an illusory feeling. The process of acquiring speech is, in sober fact, an utterlydifferent sort of thing from the process of learning to walk. In the case of the latter function, culture, in other words, the traditional body of social usage is not seriously brought into play. The child is individually equipped, by the complex set of factors that we term biological heredity, to make all the needed muscular and nervous adjustments that result in walking. Indeed, the very conformation of these muscles and of the appropriate parts of the nervous system may be said to be primarily adapted to the movements made in walking and in similar activities. In s very real sense, the normal human being is predestined to walk, not because his elders will assist him to learn the art, but because his organism is prepared from birth to take on all those muscular adaptations that result in walking. To put it concisely, walking is an inherent, biological function of man.

Not so language. It is of course true that in a certain sense the individual is predestined to talk, but that is dun entirely to the circumstance that he is born in the lap of a society that is certain to lead him to its traditions. Eliminate society and there is a every reason to believe that he will learn to walk, if indeed, he survives at all. But if it is just as certain that he will never learn to talk, that is, to communicate ideas according to the traditional system of a particular society. Or, again, remove the new-born individual from the social environment into which he has come and transplant him to an utterly foreign one. He will develop the art of walking in his new environment very much as he would have developed it in the old. But his speech will be completely at variance with the speech of his native environment. Walking then is s general human activity that varies only within a restricted limit as we pass from individual to individual. Its variability is purposeless. Speech is a human activity that varies without assignable limit as we pass from social group to social group, the product of long-continued social usage. It varies as all creative efforts varies-----nor as consciously, perhaps, but none the less as truly as do the religions, the benefits, the customs, and the arts of different people. Walking is an organic, an instinctive, function; speech is a non-instinctive, acquired, “cultural” function.

1, The first sentence of Paragraph Two, “Not so language”, is the closet in meaning to -----------.

A This is not the case with language

B So is language and not anything else

C No such a thing exists in language

D Not so much with language

2, The real different between the ability to walk and the ability to talk is that ---------------.

A the former is like breathingwhile the latter is not

B the former does not require social interaction while the latter does

C the former requires muscular movement while the latter does not

D the former is predestined while the latter is not

3, which of the following is NOT an idea of the author?

A language is biologically programmed but has to be acquired later on

B only when a child grows up in a community can be acquired talk

C Language interaction is a way to impart culture

D Formal education is necessary for the learning of language

4, When the author says the variability of walking “is purposeless”, he means that---------.

A any person who walks would not have a purpose

B in all culture people walk aimlessly

C culture does affects the ways people walk

D purpose in walking varies with one’s ability

5, The author wrote this passage in order to -------.

A argue for a point

B provide information

C narrate a legend

D debate with his rival

Passage Two

The observer does not have to look far to discover that Western society is youth oriented and youth worshiping. The phenomenon shows itself in many ways. First, adults do all they can to be youthful and to remain young because old age is feared and youthfulness admired. Beauty and cosmetic Industries have made billions of dollars by encouraging this emulation of agelessness.

Second, much of what parents do is for their young. Thousands of parents make dully sacrifices foe their children. The numerous benefits heaped upon children are evident. Many mothers say: “I would give my life for my children.” This feeling does not apply to all parents, but it applies to enough of them to be proof positive that today’s adults care about their young people.

Third, most adults say that the majority of youth today are “pretty good kids”. This point of view can be fairly well sustained. Most studies that focus on normal adolescents agree that the majority are not problems, not in turmoil, not deeply disturbed, not at the mercy of their impulses, nor resistant to parental values, not politically active, and not rebellious. In a recent Gallup poll,97% of the teens said they got along with their parents either very well or fairly well. Only 3% said they did not get along at all well. Sometimes, parents carry a positive view of their teenagers to an over-idealizedextreme. They refused to believe their children are ever at fault or ever capable of doing wrong, and they tend to attack and friend, teacher, or town official who tries to tell them otherwise. Despite this over-idealization most youths are not problems----to themselves or to their communities. Misconceptions are formed by focusing only on the drug-addicted, delinquent, and disturbed or on the social rebels who are in fact a minority.

Finally, although most youths are not activist rebels like those of the late 1960s, and early 1970s, youthful idealism is still much in evidence. Adolescents are much concerned about social issues such as juvenile crime, drug abuse, the energy crises, unemployment, women’s liberation, materialism and indifference in society, pollution, and the environment. They also show genuine concern for the underdog, indicated by their frequent political alliance with blacks or the poor. They will give generosity and work hard to help the starving overseas or will come to the defense of convicted criminals is they feel their cause is just. Clergy and other caring adults applaud youths who join the “love” generation to find more meaningful relationships than those between their parents at home or between business elements in a highly competitive society. These adults emphasize that parents ought not to be critical of their young for hating corruption, injustice, or superficial values. Although they are a little awed by youths who will work

for months to keep a wildness area from being ruined by developers, value-oriented adults tell parents to admire their young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallow goldfish or seeing how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth.

6, By “youth worshiping”, the author expressed the idea that in Western society the adults---------.

A worship the young people

B are all religious believers

C desire to stay young

D worship God like the youth

7, According to the passage, teenagers in Western society are ---------.

A unmotivated students in schools

B sympathetic with the unfortunate

C highly competitive on the job markets

D equipped with all kinds of values

8, Which of the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT that------.

A Young people are more active than adults in protecting their environment.

B a majority of families live in peace and harmony

C adults used to believe that adolescents are rebellious

D it is not right for a adult to criticize the youths

9, which of the following is the best paraphrase of the idea of the last sentence of the passage?

A Youths may not go too far in their social activities, but that’s better than their doing mischievous things or wasting their time

B Youths may oppose development, and that’s worthwhile because goldfish and telephone booth are far less important

C Youths are environment protectionists, but they may also cause damage to wildlife or to public properties.

D Youths stay too long in wilderness, since they long things in nature instead of goldfish or telephone booths in modern cities.

10, Most likely, the adults of this passage is ---------.

A a sociologist

B a loving parent

C a political official

D a clergyman

Passage Three

Crocodiles are incredibly strong, agile and aggressive. They are meritless and it’s their nature to be brutal. They are estimated to kill up to 200 people per year in Africa and they can eat up to half their body weight in one meal. This is why in Burkina Faso, the lakeside Bazoule village is famous for its unique tradition.

For many generations the villagers have lived harmoniously with about 200 wild crocodiles. Crocodiles have remained the same for over 200 millions years. They are feared and avoided by humans and animals alike. Butt the people of Bazoule revere the sacred crocodiles in the lake. This unique tradition started many generations ago at a time when the people of Bazoule were facing a great drought and there was no water. Women used to walk 40 kilometers searching for water. The crocodiles lived apart and there was no co-habitation between crocodiles and the people of Bazoule.

Legend says that one day the women were passing close to the crocodiles and one woman attempted to collect water in the lake and crocodiles let her fetch water without attacking her. From then onwards all the women in Bazoule village could fetch water from the lake. The villagers named the ferocious animals the scared crocodiles for they had saved them and they could not only fetch drinking water but also water their plants and they survived the famine.

“The crocodiles of Bazoule are sacred because they the totems of the village. They’re the ancestors oh the village because they saved the villagers and that is why they are called sacred.” says Prosper Kabore, Head of Crocodiles guide.

Prosper was born into this tradition, His job is to safeguard the unique relationship between the people and the sacred crocodiles. Every child in Bazoule is taught to be kind and respectful. They are constantly reminded that the life they enjoy today is as a result of the kindness and compassion shown to their ancestors. Kindness and help provided to them by the most unlikely animals,the crocodiles. At one point in time the crocodiles cried for one month. Everybody wondered what was wrong. When Prosper told the local chief who is entirely in charge of the conservation of the sacred crocodiles, he prohibited children from picking grass at the lake. Then one night a child went into the water and did not return. The crocodiles cried a lot. The day that followed people saw somebody drowned in the water. “We tried to retrieve the body but we could n’t. Then we saw the crocodiles bring the body. He pushed it out of the water and we took the body and buried.”R ecalls Knbore.

Hence this unique co-existence is what draws people from all over and they are shocked to see this phenomenon that has been in this village for many generations. They get a chance to ride on the backs of the sacred crocodiles, feed them with chickens. The chickens fed to the crocodiles. This is meant to applause the ancestors.

The sacred crocodiles and Bazoule people have a great interdependency. The crocodiles allow the villagers to use the water and the villagers allow the crocodiles to feed on their plants and the cycle of life goes on harmoniously. The money attained from tourists goes directly to help the needy children in Bazoule. Hence not only does the community help in conserving the crocodiles and the old tradition but it also uplifts the lives of its community members.

11, All of the following about crocodiles are true EXCEPT--------.

A move swiftly and flexibly

B need a lot of food to eat

C have a mild temperament

D live in waters

12, According to the passage, the Bazoule villagers respect the crocodiles as sacred being because the crocodiles there --------.

A live far away from the village

B are respected as the emblem of the villagers

C eat chickens and plants only

D would feel sad when a human being dies

13, which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

A The Bazoule villagers are active animal protectionists

B Even crocodiles can be tamed just like dogs or tourism

C Ecological harmony may lead to the prosperity of tourism

D Human beings have treated crocodiles animals is a wrong way

14, which of the following is opposite in meaning to “uplift” in the last sentence of the passage?

A degrade

B downplay

C downpour

D delimit

15,Which of the following may be the most appropriate title for this passage?

A Animal Protection and Development of Tourism

B An Unbelievable Tradition in an African Tribe

C Crocodiles and Villagers in Mutual Understanding

D Crocodiles Conversation: a Human Endeavour

Passage Four

Excessive sun exposure is bad for our health. But sun deprivation is also harmful-contributing to ailments from depression to disturbed sleep, obesity and even cancer. People inhabiting the far northern hemisphere are particularly vulnerable, forced to endure long, dark winter nights and sometimes only seeing the sun three quarters of an hour per day in December.

But relief could be on its way, with Swedish researchers exploring s range of projects that could bring light to the wilder population. They are working on a device that could transform people’s homes and lives by regulating the amount of light to which they are exposed. At Lund University, in southern Sweden, Pro. Thorbjorn Laike shows off what he calls an “artificial sun”, a collection of bright bluish lights that wouldn’t look out of place in a giant’s dentist surgery.

The “sun” has pride of place in the architectural department, reflecting Pro. Laike’s passion for light and the benefits it can bring. He is spearheading the “Healthy Homes” project, which aims to ensure that people living in the dark upper reaches of the northern hemisphere receive the right amount of the “right sort”of light at the right time. They are developing a device called a Daysimeter, which monitors a person’s exposure to light radiation during the day. When the user returns home, the Daysimeter automatically sends this information to a central control hub, which words out whether the person has received sufficient sunlight. If that turns out to be either too much or not enough, a smart system will adjust the lighting in the home to compensate. By rebalancing a individual’s light exposure, the ides is to help people maintain a more normal and healthy circadian rhythm.

Humans are programmed to wake and sleep on a roughly 24-hour cycle, and the timing is regulated by exposure to light. According to a statement from the Healthy Home project: “Disruption of a regular, daily pattern of light and dark can lead to poor sleep, fragile, and decrease performance, as well as poor health ranging from obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even cancer.”

In places where sunlight is in short supply, bring electric lighting delivered at the right time of day can act as a substitute. “We anticipate that this will make it easier for people, especially people working within shift work, to have better lighting solution in their home.”S ays Pro. Laike. “But also people who have problems coming up in the morning during the dark period. Because we know that in these countries far from the equator such as Sweden, we have a need for light especially in the morning.”Pro. Laike believes architects also need to re-examine and perhaps re-employ the building standards of the 19th century when designers were obliged to maximize the amount of daylight penetrating schools and factories.

One place in Sweden that has embraced this idea Dragonskolan school in the northern town of Umes. They have installed full spectrum lights in seven of their classrooms with the hope that it will help increase alertness and reduce fatigue in its students. In December the sun shines on average for just 45 minutes a day in Umes. The town prides itself on its museums and the proximity of outdoor activities like dog sledding and cross country skiing. But in the depths of winter with its almost constant fog of darkness, a supreme effort is required to escape the shackles of the duvet and central heating.

The dancing multi-colored light shows of the Aurora Borealis aren’t sufficient compensation for the absence of the sun. “During winter you feel tired and it doesn’t feel like it’s seven in the morning.”S ays one student, Carl Frederik Valverius. “It feels like it’s 12 in the middle of the night. You just want to skip school and stay in bed. You want to do your best in school and be a good student. But at the same time you don’t feel like you have the energy.” Fellow student Vioia Asbaghi agrees. “I come to school when it’s dark, and go home when it’s dark. I never see the light in winter and feel permanently tired.”

Unlike standard lighting that tend to give off a yellow hue, the so-called “full spectrum”lights

installed in these classrooms give off a greater proportion of blue wavelengths. These have been shown to have a greater effect on regulating the body clock if delivered early in the morning. It works by suppressing the production of the hormone melatonin, which comesdrowsiness. The lights are also much brighter, which has been shown in previous studies to increase alertnessthroughout the day.

“ It’s too early to say whether grades will be better but what I’m hoping for, of course, is improved attendance and improved results.”S ays Stellan Andersson, Headmaster of the 2000- student Drgonskolan. The light were the gift of a local renewable utility company and run from stored solar energy harvested during a heat wave in July and August last year. The corridors and other rooms that are conventionally lit are Stygian in comparison.

“It’s nice. It’s much brighter. I feel rejuvenated,” whispers Viola Asbaghi, 18, during a tough English exam in room C151, at just after nine in the morning, when it’s still dark outside. “ I feel sharper, more alert, more focused.”S ays Carl Frederik Valverius, also 18. Previous studies have shown thatexposure to bright light can have a marked affect on alertness.

However, Dr Baha Pendse, a senior consultant psychiatrist at Skane University Hospital in Malmo, south Sweden, warns against excessive use at the wrong time of day because it keeps the body wide awake, when it should be slowing down in preparation for sleep.” If you get light in the late afternoon or evenings, then you are shifting your body rhythms to the other direction, which is pathological. And that’s going to cause you problems.” White the students hope to keep bleary eyes at bay, the Healthy Homes researchers plan to kit out the first experimental home within two years, although it could be a decade before the system becomes widespread.

In the meantime, deprived northerners will have to grab light where and when they can.

16, which of the following statement is true according to the passage?

A Too little sunning is just as harmful as too much sunning.

B Artificial sunlight can be used to treat illness such as cancer.

C People living on the equator do not develop obesity.

D Northerners sleep more poorly than southerners do.

17, Which of the following statement can be inferred from the passage?

A Ultimately, artificial sun will substitute the natural sunlight to keep people healthy.

B Even sports and other activities cannot compensate for the lack of sunlight.

D In the sunlight, only its bluish ray is important for human health.

18,Human beings need sunlight exposure especially in the morning because--------.

A their body clock would stop regulating work at night.

B the sunlight regulates certain hormone to keep people energetic..

C the morning sun gives off the full spectrum of rays.

D the 19ths century architects had already found it necessary to maximize the sun penetration.

20,In“the Healthy Homes researchers plan to kit out the first experiential home within two years”, the phrase “kit out” means “to-------.”

A rule out

B install in the kitchen

C equip and use

D send kid outdoors

Passage Five

Migratory birds may be spreading viruses that cause bird flu around the world, say scientists. Outbreaks in poultry may become more common in the future, especially in ill-prepared countries, they warn. A severe strain found at a duck farm in the UK last year may have been carried by wild birds out of Russia, according to Dutch researchers. This virus is a low human health risk, but wild birds on long

migratory routines should be monitored, they say.

H5N8 is a strain of bird flu that appeared late last year in Russia, East Asia, North America and four European countries, including the UK. The infections led to millions of poultry being culled in the UK, ducks were affected at a farm in Driffield, Yorkshire. Another outbreak of bird flu in Hampshire this week is of the H7N7 form of the virus, which is less severe.

Scientists at the Erasmui Medical Center in Rotterdam, Nettherlands, say the presence of the HS virus in a migratory bird in Russia and other detections in wild birds and poultry is “worrying”. “More poultry outbreak could occur in the future, especially in countries that are ill-prepared.”A team led by Dr. Ron Fouchier wrote in the journal, Science. “Despite the currently low public health risks, the outbreaks should be monitored closely, given that several animal species are susceptible and that influenza viruses are generally unpredictable.”Wild birds with long migratory routes should be monitored for exposure to H5N8 and control measures in poultry should be updates, as they appear to be “insufficient”, they added.

Scientists are also investigate other ways that bird viruses can spread around the world, including through illegal poultry trade and communication of vehicle or equipment. A recent report from the European Food Safe Authority said the route of spread of the disease remained uncertain. It said all affected farms in European had kept that birds inside, suggesting direct transmission from wild birds farmed poultry was unlikely.

Experts said there were no know direct migration routes from East Asia to Europe, but inferred migratory birds from East could in theory pass the virus on to other species at breeding and stopover places in Eurasia. Dr. Derek Gatherer of Lancaster University said more research into flu in wild bird populations in the UK was needed, especially in species migrating in from Europe. “The British response to bird flu is oriented towards agriculture, that’s fine because of course we need to protect our poultry industry, but in order to really understand bird flu we should also study it in its natural setting.”H e told BBC News. “Then we’ll have a better early warning system for what might be a threat to agriculture in the future.”

UK officials said tests had confirmed the Hampshire outbreak was of a severity H7 strain of the disease, which is a much loss severe from than the H5N8 strain found in Yorkshire in November, Chief vet Niget Gibbens said: “we have taken immediate action to contain this outbresk as part of our robust procedures for dealing swiftly with avian flu. “This is a low severity from the virus and we are taking action to ensure that the disease does not spread or develop into a more severe form. We are investigating the possible sources of the outbreak. I would urge poultry keepers in the surrounding area to be vigilant foe any signs of disease and to ensure they are maintaining good bio-security on their premises.”

The Department foe Environment Food & Rural Affairs said warden petrels for diseased wild birds occurred in eight Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust reserves in Great Britain, and a number of other reserves were patrolled by volunteers from October to March. Anyone finding five or more wild birds dead in the same location is advised to report them to the Defra helpline.

21, In “The infections led to millions of poultry being culled”, the word “culled” means--------.

A canceled

B raised in cult

C sold

D killed

22, The outbreak of bird flu should be monitored, because---------.

A poultry industry threatens bio-security in many countries

B the H5 virus from Russia is more dangerous than other species

C wild birds spread virus all along their migratory routes

D it is not sure how many animals can be affected by bird flu

23, which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

A The southern hemisphere of the earth is free from the bird flu

B Even is birds are kept indoors; they may not be safe from bird flu

C If a country is well-prepared, it never suffer from flu outbreak

D At present scientists have found control measures to prevent bird flu.

24, which of the following statements is known to be true of bird flu?

A It may survive even if it is not in the bird body

B It transmits directly through the air and blood transfusion

C It is unlikely to cause illness early in Spring

D It leads to illegal poultry trades

25, The passage most likely to be ---------.

A a warning for tourists issues by the government

B a medical advice from universityresearch center

C a newspaper report for public information

D an academic essay published in professional magazine

Passage six

“Education” means different thing to different people. To some elementary and secondary school children, it can be an exciting, intellectual experience; to some those poorly motivated or presented with a dull and unimaginable curriculum, it can be a deadening ordeal; to college students, education may be a means to acquiring the qualifications for a job, a way of escaping lowly social class origin, or a time for experimenting with a variety of social and personal identifies; to parents, education for their children may represent the realization of their own unfulfilled aspirations;

to those who operate the schools-----teachers, principles, and administrators-----education means a job, a place where career aspirations may be realized or frustrated, where viable relationships with colleagues and supervisors must be worked out. This list of the meanings of education could be expanded indefinitely. However, it should be sufficient to illustrate the multiple meanings of education to people in various roles and subgroups in the society.

What does education means to the socialists? How does he begin to structure and make sense out of this multifaceted phenomenon called education? Basically, socialists regard education as a distinctively social phenomenon or “institution”which, like other social phenomenon, is amendable to objective scientific analysis. A socialist perspective on education requires that one “step back”from that which he is examining, set aside his personal and cultural biases, and take a long, hard look at the phenomenon of education. This is not an easy task. At times it is made more difficulty by the fact that teachers, administrators, and concerned segments of the public may except immediate answers to the questions of policy and technique to emerge from the socialist’s research on education. Socialists, on the other hand, are primarily concerned with building a body of verified knowledge about education and only secondarily with the problem of applyingtheir findings and conclusions to the concerns of the educational practitioners. Though most research on education by socialists has some policy implications, socialists vary in the extent to which they spell out these implications in their work. Ultimately, the extent to which this is done is a matter of style and most socialists have adopted a style in which policy recommendations are made. The readers are then left to extract (if they are care to) the implications of the research and ideas presented for policy and actions.

26,According to the author, education enables students to have all the following EXCEPT--------.

A an explanation of school education

B an enriched life of learning

C a chance to move up the social ladder

D enlarging one’s circle of friends

27, The phrase “this multifaceted phenomenon” most likely “a phenomenon that--------.”

A is facilitated in multiple ways

B has many aspects of significance

C does multiplication

D undergoes many changes

28, It can be inferred from the first paragraph that----------.

A Every student can realize their dreams in one way or another through education

B For teachers job opportunities are rare outside the area of education

C Parents hope to have their own dreams come true in their children

D Students with low motivation usually do not have dreams

29, which of the following conclusions can be derived from the passage?

A Educational socialists must step back from the real-life problems of education

B Educational technology is a topic for research in educational sociology.

C Researchers of educational sociology are all impartial in their observations.

D Educational theories and practices are two different enterprises

30, What question might the author most likely continue to discuss after this passage?

A Why is education multifaceted?

B What does sociology mean to students, teachers, parents and other concerned?

C What is the role of educational technology in teaching practices?

D Why is educational research necessary and what are its topic?

II: Vocabulry (10%, 0.5 mark each)

31, The two men are well-------with each other since they once studied in the same university.

A recognized

B acquainted

C acknowledged

D identified

32, when hysteria about AIDS first infected the media in early 1980s, those identified as ------were all at the margins of society.

A feasible

B accessible

C vulnerable

D attainable

33, you’d better-------from talking too much, foe the more you talk, the more mistakes you may commit.

A refrain

B resort

C reframe

D resist

34, How can you be so ------to the suffering of people in poverty in the world?

A unpopular

B indifferent

C neutral

D vigorous

35, He was so absorbed in his work that he was ------to things going on around him.

A obvious

B digestible

C dormant

D introvert

36, Because all the parts of this machine are ------, it is convenient to replace them.

A normalized

B mechanized

C modernized

D standardized

37, This Canon camera can be ------ to take pictures in cloudy or night condition.

A adapted

B adjusted

C adopted

D addressed

38, A teacher is one who preaches the way of life,-----knowledge and help the students out of their difficulties.

A inherit

B intervene

C interpret

D impart

39, Many poets and artists have drawn their --------from Nature as well as the real life experience of ordinary people.

A affection

B inspiration

C intervention

D convention

40, we can guarantee the --------take-off of the flight, since we are having such a foggy day.

A puncture

B pinpoint

C punctual

D pernicious(有害的，致命的，险恶的，毁灭性的)

41，What is in store in the future in unknown, but we can-------that it gives us many hopes.

A affirm

B confide

C confer

D overturn

42, In China, all parents have to send their children to school beginning from age 7, according to the Law of ---------Education.

A Compelling

B Forced

C Obliged

D Compulsory

43, Although it was the first experience as chairman, he -------over the meeting with great skill.

A presided

B administered

C mastered

D executed

44, The Chinese men’s football team will be doing their best next week to -------themselves for last year’s defeat.

A revive

B revenge

C retort

D remedy

45, whatever games you take part in, you have to -------to the established rules of the game.

A confine

B confirm

C confront

D conform

46, Reading --------the mind only with the materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.

A maximizes

B prolongs

C furnishes

D rectifies

47, Although Asian countries are generally more -------social custom than Western countries, there have been notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.

A conservative

B confidential

C comprehensive

D connotative

48, People throughout the world are doing anything they can to ------the serious problem of environmental pollution.

A put up with

B submit on Ccomply with D cope with

49,The job-seekers asks the general manager if there is any ------position in his company.

A empty

B bare

C vacant

D hollow

50, The hurricane brought a huge damage to the coastal village: fishing boat were ------and many houses collapsed.

A wrecked

B spoiled

C decayed

D fired

III: Cloze (10%, 0.5 mark each)

Whether the eyes are “the window of the soul”is (51 ); that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact (52) the first two months of a bab y’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a (53) with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented to (54). This attraction to eyes (55) opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby (56). In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75% of them drew people with mouths, but 99% of them drew people eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are (57) their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much (58) to eyes as they do in other cultures. (59)Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to (60) one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is (61) the neck of one’s conversation partner.”

The role of eye(62) in a conversation exchange between two American is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for (63)on second, then glance (64) as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or (65) themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away (66). Listeners, (67), keep their eyes in the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they (68) at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eyes contact. If they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are (69) and

either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will end the conversation. Just how critical this eyes maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational (70) becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be s sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.

51.[A]debatable) [B]debating [C]despicable [D]discussing

52.[A]At [B]Though [C]During [D]For

53.[A]mattress [B]mask [C]matter [D]moist

54.[A]proliferate [B]pronounce [C]profundity [D]profile

55.[A]as [B]in [C]on [D]with

56.[A]amiles [B]ages [C]matures [D]sucks

57.[A]carried out [B]carried with [C]carried off [D]carried on

58.[A]attachment B]alternation [C]alleviation [D] attraction

59.[A]After all [B]To sum up [C]As a result [D]In a way

60.[A]focus [B]switch [C]plant [D]omit

61.[A]in [B]on [C]up [D]out

62.[A]contract [B]control [C]contact [D]console

63.[A]about [B]ever [C]\long [D]under

64.[A]through [B]over [C]away [D]across

65.[A]resume [B]resort [C]respond [D]reassure

66.[A]for good [B]once more [C]any way [D]in short

67.[A]meanwhile [B]nevertheless [C]consequently [D]therefore

68.[A]are looking [B]were looking [C]be looking [D]may look

69.[A]uninterested [B]interested [C]interesting [D]disinterested

70.[A]glow [B]flow [C]blow [D]plow

IV: Translations

Part A (20%)

Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings had been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions(手势，打手势) stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute (哑巴)have had to resort to（求助于，启用，采取）this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque（生动的，形象的，别致的，美丽的，奇特的）and exact can be used international; spelling, however, cannot.

Body languagetransmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink（眨眼，使眼色）can be a way of flirting（调情，打情骂俏）or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille（盲文）(a writing system for the blind composed of raised （凸起的，凹凸的，有花纹的）dots to be read with the fingers), signal flags（信号旗）, Morse code （莫尔斯电码）, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn and instruct people.

While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

Part B (10%)

71,古人认为心脏是思维的器官，这是因为人们在兴奋，无论是高兴还是愤怒的时候，心脏跳动的变化人们能够直接感觉到。

72，迄今为止，科学已经发展好几百年了，但我们还远未获得对世界的完全认识。也许我们并不能

把握世界的终极真理，但会一步步接近它。

73，据现场消息，这次交通事故中共有3人死亡，15人受伤：目前伤者已用直升飞机送到急救中心。

事故原因正在调查之中。

74，鲁迅曾说：有缺陷的战士仍然是战士，而完美的苍蝇不过是苍蝇。

75，早期的移动电话只能用于通话，不仅体积大，重量大，而且经常接不通。如今，移动电话则不仅可以打电话，还可以上网、办公、看电影、玩游戏，已不是一部单一的电话了。

V：Writing (20%)

Some people in China prefer to send their children to study in foreign countries, while others would have their children to finish school education at home. Please write a composition to discuss both sides and give your own opinions. Your composition should be about 150 English Words. Write your com position on the Answer Sheet