国际经济学作业答案-第七章
C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s
?Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework
(a) International trade in goods
(b) International conflict resolution
(c) International trade in services
(d) International trade in factors of production
(e) International borrowing and lending
Answer: B
2. The slope of the production function measures
(a) the physical increase in output as country grows.
(b) the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows.
(c) the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds.
(d) the marginal product of labor.
(e) the marginal product of capital.
Answer: D
3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances
(a) increase total world output.
(b) improve the economic welfare of everyone.
(c) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere.
(d) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then
(a) workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country.
(b) workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country.
(c) workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital
abundant country.
(d) workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country.
(e) workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country.
Answer: C
5. During the mass migration period of late 19th-early 20th centuries,
(a) wages rose in the origin countries and fell in the destination countries.
(b) wages fell in the origin countries and rose in the destination countries.
(c) wages generally rose faster in the origin countries.
(d) wages generally rose faster in the destination countries.
(e) wages generally fell faster in the origin countries.
Answer: C
6. International borrowing and lending may be interpreted as one form of
(a) intermediate trade.
(b) inter-temporal trade.
(c) trade in services.
(d) unrequited international transfers.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
7. The relative price of future consumption is
(a) the interest rate.
(b) unknown at any given time.
(c) the real interest rate.
(d) the relative interest rate.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
8. A country that has a comparative advantage in future production of consumption goods
(a) will tend to be an international borrower.
(b) will tend to have low real interest rates.
(c) will tend to be an international investor or lender.
(d) will tend to have good work ethics.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
9. A U.S. multinational corporation
(a) has a controlling share in a foreign subsidiary and is not itself foreign controlled.
(b) is foreign controlled and has no controlling share in a foreign company.
(c) has a controlling share in a foreign subsidiary and may itself be foreign controlled by a
foreign company.
(d) is a U.S. company whose major markets are outside the United States.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
10. Why a good is produced in two different countries is known as the question of
(a) internalization.
(b) vertical integration.
(c) exploitation.
(d) location.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
11. Internalization deals with the question
(a) why workers prefer to work indoors
(b) internationalization
(c) why components are produced by one firm rather than by many.
(d) Why a good is produced in two different countries
(e) None of the above
Answer: C
12. The home locatio n of most of the world’s large multinational companies is
(a) North America and Europe.
(b) North America and Asia.
(c) Europe and South America.
(d) Europe and Asia.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
13. Which of the following best refers to the outright construction or purchase abroad of productive
facilities by domestic residents
(a) Foreign direct investment
(b) Portfolio Investment
(c) Short-term capital investment.
(d) Long-term capital investment
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
14. Most direct investment in the United States has come from
(a) Japan.
(b) Canada.
(c) Western Europe.
(d) South America.
(e) Asia.
Answer: C
15. Most U.S. direct foreign investment occurs in
(a) communications.
(b) agriculture.
(c) petroleum.
(d) manufacturing.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
16. Most foreign direct investment in the United States occurs in
(a) communications.
(b) agriculture.
(c) petroleum.
(d) manufacturing.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
17. Multinational corporations may provide benefits to their home countries for the following reasons
except which one
(a) Secure raw materials for the source country
(b) Allow for exports of products, which involve company-specific trade secrets
(c) Allow domestic firms to secure timely deliveries of commodities or products, which do not
enjoy a stable or deep market internationally
(d) Shift home country technology overseas via licensing
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
18. Trade analysis involving multinational corporations differs from our conventional trade analysis
because multinational corporation analysis involves
(a) absolute cost differentials rather than comparative cost differentials.
(b) the international movement of factor inputs as well as that of finished goods.
(c) purely competitive markets rather than imperfectly competitive markets.
(d) portfolio investments rather than direct foreign investment.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
19. Direct foreign investment may take any of the following forms except
(a) investors buying bonds of an existing firm overseas.
(b) the creation of a wholly owned business overseas.
(c) the takeover of an existing company overseas.
(d) the construction of a manufacturing plant overseas.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
20. Which of the following could logically explain why foreign direct investment might be attracted
to the United States
(a) U.S. wage rates exceeding the productivity of U.S. labor
(b) U.S. price ceilings that hold down the price of energy
(c) Especially high price/earning ratios associated with the stock of U.S. firms
(d) Anticipations of future reductions in U.S. non-tariff barriers
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
21. Multinational corporations
(a) increase the transfer of technology between nations.
(b) make it harder for nations to foster activities of comparative advantage.
(c) always enjoy political harmony in host countries in which their subsidiaries operate.
(d) require governmental subsidies in order to conduct worldwide operations.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
22. American labor unions have recently maintained that U.S. multinational corporations have been
(a) exporting American jobs by investing overseas.
(b) exporting American jobs by keeping investment in the United States.
(c) importing cheap foreign labor by shifting U.S. investment overseas.
(d) importing cheap foreign workers by keeping U.S. investment at home.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
23. Multinational corporations
(a) always produce primary goods.
(b) always produce manufactured goods.
(c) always produce services.
(d) may produce primary or manufactured goods.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
24. ___________ refers to highly educated and skilled people who migrate from poor developing
countries to wealthy industrial countries.
(a) Direct investment
(b) Portfolio investment
(c) Transfer pricing
(d) Brain drain
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
25. International labor mobility
(a) leads to wage convergence by raising wages in destination country and lowering in source
country.
(b) is in accordance with the specific factors model
(c) is in accordance with the Heckscher-Ohlin factor proportions model.
(d) leads to wage convergence by raising wages in source and lowering them in destination
country.
(e) is in accordance with scale economy model.
Answer: D
26. In theory, labor mobility is
(a) a complete complement to trade flows.
(b) a partial complement to trade flows.
(c) a complete substitute for trade flows.
(d) a partial substitute for trade flows.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
27. In practice, international labor mobility is
(a) a complete complement to trade flows.
(b) a partial complement to trade flows.
(c) a complete substitute for trade flows.
(d) a partial substitute for trade flows.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
28. If one observes that Japan was traditionally a net foreign lender, one could conclude that relative
to its international trade and financial partners
(a) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are biased toward future consumption.
(b) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are larger than that of the other countries.
(c) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are biased toward present consumption.
(d) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are not biased.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
29. Rapidly growing developing countries tend to be borrowers on the international capital markets.
From this information we may surmise that they have a comparative advantage in
(a) capital goods.
(b) future income.
(c) disposable income.
(d) consumer goods.
(e) present income.
Answer: B
30. It may be argued that theoretically, international capital movements
(a) tend to hurt the donor countries.
(b) tend to hurt the recipient countries.
(c) tend to hurt labor in donor countries.
(d) tend to hurt labor in recipient countries.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
31. Transactions between branches of the same multinational corporations account for ________ of
U.S. imports.
(a) one quarter
(b) one third
(c) one half
(d) three quarters
(e) all
Answer: C
32. The shift of labor-intensive assembly operations from the United States to Mexican maqiladora
may be best explained in terms of a theory of
(a) location.
(b) vertical integration.
(c) horizontal integration.
(d) internalization.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
33. When comparing the United States to the United Kingdom, between 1985 and 1990, the relative
growth of foreign-owned firms in manufacturing
(a) grew faster in the U.K., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is larger.
(b) grew faster in the U.S., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is larger.
(c) grew faster in the U.S., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is smaller.
(d) grew faster in the U.K., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is smaller.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
34. The inflow of foreign direct investment into the United States has always been perceived
(a) with trepidation.
(b) with resentment.
(c) with equanimity.
(d) with satisfaction.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
35. The purchase by Germany’s Daimler-Benz of America’s Chrysler corporation is genera lly
viewed as
(a) direct foreign investment typical of trends in the 1980s.
(b) a capital outflow from the United States, since Daimler-Benz “milked” the assets of Chrysler.
(c) a major success story of globalization.
(d) an example of international vertical integration.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
36. In a typical short-run production function, as labor increases
(a) the marginal product of capital decreases.
(b) the overall product of labor decreases.
(c) the average product of labor decreases.
(d) the marginal product of labor decreases.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
37. American labor unions accuse U.S. multinational corporations of all except which
(a) They enjoy unfair advantages in taxation.
(b) They export jobs by shifting technology overseas.
(c) They export jobs by shifting investment overseas.
(d) They operate at output levels where scale economies occur.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
?Essay Questions
1. The Heckscher-Ohlin model is famous for being elegant and mathematically sophisticated, yet
failing to describe reality. One manifestation of this fact is Trefler’s Case of Missing Trade.
Explain what exactly is missing. In what sense is it missing How would you explain why it is
missing How can a relaxation of the identical production functions explain the case of the missing trade
Answer: Trefler demonstrated that the actual volume of world trade is significantly less than that which would be predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin model. One explanation is that North-South trade is especially less than would be predicted by a factor proportions model. If technologies differ in the poorer countries, then it is possible that the cost of producing
a product, which uses relatively much of their abundant factor may still be higher than
the cost of producing it in the other country.
2.Factor-intensity reversals describe a situation in which the production of a product may be land-
intensive in one country, and relatively labor intensive in another (at given relative wage levels).
For example, cotton may be land intensive in the U.S., and labor intensive in Egypt where land is relatively scarce and expensive. Suppose factor-intensity reversals were common. How would that affect the conclusion that a country in which land is relatively scarce will not be the country with
a comparative advantage in the land-intensive product
Answer: The answer here is straightforward (though it has various interesting implications). In this case we cannot define or identify a product in terms of its relative factor intensity
(at all or any relative wage level). Therefore, the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem is ipso-
facto inapplicable.
3. Why is it that North-South trade in manufactures seems to be consistent with the results or
expectations generated by the factor-proportions theory of international trade, whereas North-
North trade is not
Answer: There is a clear difference in relative factor availabilities between North and South countries, no matter how we define and measure the factors of production. Hence, the
factor-proportions theory of trade may be sensibly expected to explain the pattern
(though not the volume) of trade between these two groups of countries. However, the
North North trade partners do not vary significantly in their relative factor availabilities,
so that other forces, such as scale economies play a relatively large role in determining
trade patterns.
4. One of the commonly used assumptions in deriving the Heckscher-Ohlin model is that tastes are
homothetic, or that if the per capita incomes were the same in two countries, the proportions of their expenditures allocated to each product would be the same as it is in the other country.
Imagine that this assumption is false, and that in fact, the tastes in each country are strongly
biased in favor of the product in which it has a comparative advantage. How would this affect the relationship between relative factor abundance between the two countries, and the nature (factor-intensity) of the product each exports What if the taste bias favored the imported good
Answer: If in fact national tastes were strongly biased in favor of the product in which the country enjoyed a comparative advantage, then we would expect a bias in favor of
rejecting the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem in actual trade data. The engine driving the H-
O model is that a country should be expected to have a relatively low cost of producing
the good in which it has a comparative advantage. However, the respective demand
forces would tend to raise the price of this good, so that the expected pattern would not
generally be observed. However, if the tastes were biased in favor of the imported good,
then the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem would be expected to be
generally observed.
5. Why do you suppose that South-South trade does not conform in volume, but does conform in
pattern with expectations generated by the Heckscher-Ohlin model
Answer: The pattern of trade is generally observed to conform to the Heckscher-Ohlin models expectations. That is, the developing countries tend to export labor-intensive goods,
such as textiles, and import capital-intensive goods such as machinery. The volume
however is quite lower than what would be expected from the Neoclassical model.
There are many possible reasons, such as financial crises necessitating premia in the
financing of this trade.
6. It has been argued that even if intra-European Union labor mobility were to be completely
removed, one should not expect to observe massive, or even large reallocations of populations
with the E.U. Discuss
Answer: Theoretically, just as completely free trade consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin model (with no complete specialization) is associated with factor price equalization; so does
completely free labor mobility. It therefore follows that if intra E.U. trade flourishes, as
any restraints on trade there are abolished, the economic incentive for labor mobility
will be removed. Since language and cultural differences remain, we would expect
populations to tend to stay where they are.
?Quantitative/Graphing Problems
1. In Home and Foreign there are two factors of production, land and labor, used to produce only
one good. The land supply in each country and the technology of production are exactly the same.
The marginal product of labor in each country depends on employment as follows:
Number of Workers Employed Marginal Product of Last Worker
1 30
2 29
3 28
4 27
5 26
6 25
7 24
8 23
9 22
10 21
11 20
Initially there are 11 workers employed in Home but only 3 workers in Foreign. Find the effect of free movement of labor from the high wage to the low wage country. When such economic
migration ceases, what will be the levels of production, real wages and the income of landowners in each country
Answer: The total production in the world will increase, since the addition to production (the marginal product of labor) in the target country is larger for each worker than the loss
of production (also the marginal product of workers) in the emigration country. The
real wages will rise in the emigration country and fall in the immigration country.
Landlord incomes will rise in the immigration country and fall in the emigration
country.
2. Suppose Australia, a land (K)-abundant country and Sri-Lanka, a labor(L)-abundant country both
produce labor and land intensive goods with the same technology. Following the logic of the
Heckscher-Ohlin model from Chapter 4, what will be the incentive for migration once trade is established between these two countries Now, suppose that a tariff by one country creates an
incentive for labor migration. From which country to which country will be the migration Explain how you arrived at your answer.
Answer: Once trade is established, there is no longer any incentive for (economic-based) immigration, since the real wages will be equalized in both. If a tariff is established in
Australia, then the price of the labor intensive good will be higher in Australia, as will
be the marginal product of labor and hence the real wage of workers there. Hence,
workers will immigrate from Sri-Lanka to Australia until the two domestic prices are
equalized.
3. Use the diagram below derived from Figure 4-4 to identify the pre-trade situation for Australia
and Sri-Lanka, as discussed in question 2 above. Where on the K/L axis will you find each of the two countries Which of the two countries has a higher relative wage, w/r Which product is the labor intensive, and which is the land intensive one Show where the relative price of cloth to food will be found once trade opens between these two countries. Show where the relative wages of each will appear.
Answer: You will find Sri-Lanka to the left of Australia on the K/L axis.
Australia has a higher relative wage.
Food is the land intensive product.
The relative price P C/P F is found between the two autarkic prices.
The post trade relative wage is between the two autarkic ones on the vertical axis.
4. Using the figure above from question 3, demonstrate what happens to the composition of
production (that is quantity of cloth per 1 unit of food) in Australia once trade is established
between the two countries. Which country will export cloth What happens to the relative income of workers in Australia as a result of trade Does it increase or decrease Would land owners in Australia lobby for or against free trade Would land owners in Australia lobby for or against free admittance of immigrant workers
Answer: The proportion of food to cloth will increase in the production of Australia Sri Lanka will export cloth. The relative (and real) incomes of workers will fall in Australia as a
result of trade. Land Owners in Australia should lobby in favor of trade. They would
also lobby for free labor mobility (of workers into Australia), since the marginal
product of labor is high, the owners of land have much (Ricardian) rents to gain from
an inflow of workers.
5. Imagine that the relative capital abundance of Australia was so much greater than that of Sri-
Lanka, that we would have to locate Australia far to the right on the K/L axis. If this were so far to the right that there was no area of overlap on the w/r axis, then what product would Australia export Is this answer different from that in question 4 above Will the relative wages as calculated now be the same or different from those calculated in question 4
Answer: Australia would still export food, which is the same as in question 4. As a result of trade, wages will fall in Australia and will rise in Sri-Lanka. However, in this case, the
wages in Australia will remain higher than in Sri-Lanka, creating an incentive for
migration from the latter to the former country.
国际经济学作业复习资料第七章
Chapter 7 International Factor Movements Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a) International trade in goods (b) International conflict resolution (c) International trade in services (d) International trade in factors of production (e) International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) the physical increase in output as country grows. (b) the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) the marginal product of labor. (e) the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) increase total world output. (b) improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) None of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d) workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e) workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C
《国际经济学》篇章精选练习题及答案(DOC)
第1章绪论 重点问题:国际经济学的产生、发展、对象及其其他经济学科的关系 单选 1．国际经济学分析的最基本的出发点是（B） A经济增长 B经济自然增长 C制度创新的经济增长 D经济发展 2．经济发展是（D） A经济结构的变革 B社会和政治体制的变革 C经济自然增长 D制度创新的经济增长 3．国际经济最基本的出发点是（B ） A社会分工 B国际分工 C产业内分工 D产业之间的分工和合作 4．国际经济交往的主要方式是（A） A生产要跨国界流动 B国际分工 C商品跨国界流通 D开放经济 第2章古典国际贸易理论 重点问题：绝对利益说的基本内容及其评价比较利益说的基本内容及其评价 单选 1．在斯密的绝对优势贸易理论中，(C)。 A所有产品均具有绝对优势的国家最终将获得全部黄金和白银 B具有绝对优势的国家将获得大量贸易余额 C如果两个国家分别出口本国劳动成本相对较低的产品，将同时从贸易中获益 D如果一国不用关税壁垒保护本国产业，将丧失绝对优势 2．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，(B)。 A贸易导致不完全专业化 B即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 3．如果一个阿根廷工人能生产3蒲式耳小麦或1辆汽车，而一个巴西工人能生产4蒲式耳小麦或2辆汽车，则(D)。 A巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷没有比较优势 B阿根廷在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而巴西没有比较优势 C巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在汽车生产上具有比较优势 D巴西在小麦和汽车生产上都具有绝对优势，而阿根廷在小麦生产上具有比较优势 4．根据比较优势原理的政策经验，一国从国际贸易中获益的条件是(B)。 A制造大量出口顺差 B以较低的机会成本进口商品而不是在国内生产 C本国比贸易伙伴强大 D本国相对于贸易伙伴具备绝对效率优势 5.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( A ) A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 6.在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价( C ) A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上 B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下 C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间 D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同 简答： 1．请从国际贸易实际出发评价绝对利益说 P20 斯密的绝对利益学说揭示了在自由市场经济条件下，国际贸易产生的原因在于两国之间劳动生产率的绝对差异，按照绝对利益学说的原则进行国际分工，贸易的参与者与整个世界会因此而获得利益。这一学说在一定程度上反映出了国际贸易中的某些规律，为产业资本的发展提供了相应的理论支撑，具有重要的实践意义和理论意义。 从国际贸易实际出发的评价斯密的绝对利益学说在实践中运用存在着一个必要的假设前提：一国要参加国际贸易，就必然要有至少一种产品与贸易伙伴相比处于劳动生产率绝对高或生产所耗费的劳动绝对低的地位上，以便利用劳动生产率的绝对差异进人国际市场。如果一国在所有的产品生产上，劳动生产率均低于贸易对象国，该国便不具备参加国际分工的条件，或者在国际贸易中没有任何的利益获得。这一点在理论上过于绝对，在实践中也不符合实际情况(发展中国家劳动生产率很可能在所有产品上都不如发达国家，但仍然在进行国际贸易)，实际上陷入了理论与实践的两难境地：如果没有超过贸易对手的高劳动生产率部门，该国便被排除在国际贸易的大门之外，或者在贸易中本国的生产部门将被对方的竞争击垮。显然，世界贸易的历史与现实并不完全、普遍地符合斯密这样的假设。
克鲁格曼国际经济学第八版上册课后答案Word版
Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Chapter Organization The Concept of Comparative Advantage A One-Factor Economy Production Possibilities Relative Prices and Supply Trade in a One-Factor World Box: Comparative Advantage in Practice: The Case of Babe Ruth Determining the Relative Price after Trade The Gains from Trade A Numerical Example Box: The Losses from Non-Trade Relative Wages Misconceptions about Comparative Advantage Productivity and Competitiveness The Pauper Labor Argument Exploitation Box: Do Wages Reflect Productivity? Comparative Advantage with Many Goods Setting Up the Model Relative Wages and Specialization Determining the Relative Wage with a Multigood Model Adding Transport Costs and Non-Traded Goods Empirical Evidence on the Ricardian Model Summary
国际经济学作业答案第一章
Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C
国际经济学作业答案第七章.docx
Ch a p t e r 7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r Mo v e me n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1.Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a)International trade in goods (b)International conflict resolution (c)International trade in services (d)International trade in factors of production (e)International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2.The slope of the production function measures (a)the physical increase in output as country grows. (b)the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c)the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d)the marginal product of labor. (e)the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3.International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a)increase total world output. (b)improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c)improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d)improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e)None of the above. Answer: E 4.If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a)workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b)workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c)workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d)workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e)workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C
国际经济学答案答案中文版
Home's PPF 200400600800200400600800 Q apple Q banana Foreign's PPF 200400600800100080160240320400 Q*apple Q*banana Chapter 2 1a.画出本国的生产可能性边界： b. 用香蕉衡量的苹果的机会成本是， 5.1=Lb La a a c ．劳动力的自由流动使两部门的工资率相等，自由竞争使得他们生产两种产品的机会成本相同。相对价格等于相对成本，后者可以表示为(*)/(*)a a b b w a w a ，由于两部门间的工资率相等，a b w w ∴=，只有在Lb La b a /a a /P P =，两种商品才都会被生产。所以 1.5 /P P b a = 2a. b. 3 a. a b b a /P P /D D =∵当市场达到均衡时, 1b a ) (D D -**=++=b a b b a a P P Q Q Q Q ∴RD 是一条双曲线 x y 1 =
b.苹果的均衡相对价格由RD 和RS 的交点决定: RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5.1],5.0(5.0) 5.0,0[=∈=??? ??+∞∈=∈y y y x x x ∴x=0.5, y=2 ∴2/=b P a P e e c. ∵b a b e a e b a P P P P P P ///>>**∴只有两个国家的时候，本国专门生产苹果，出口苹果并进口香蕉：外国则正好相反。 d ． 国际贸易允许本国和外国在阴影区内任何一点消费，专门生产某种产品然后和另一个国家进行贸易的间接方式，要比直接生产该商品的方式更有效率。在没有贸易时，本国要生产3单位的香蕉必须放弃2单位的苹果，外国要生产1单位的苹果要放弃5单位的香蕉。贸易允许两国以两单位香蕉交换一单位苹果。通过出让2单位苹果，本国可以获得四单位的香蕉；而外国可以用2单位向交换得1单位苹果。所以两个国家都从贸易中获利。 4. RD: y x 1 = RS: 5 ]5,5.1[5 .1] ,1(1)1,0[=∈=?? ???+∞∈=∈y y y x x x →5.13 2==y x →5.1/=b P a P e e 在这种情况下，外国将专门生产并出口香蕉，进口苹果。但本国将同时生产香蕉和苹果，并且香蕉相对于苹果的机会成本在本国是相同的。所以本国既没有得益也没有受损，但外国从贸易中获益了。 5.在这种情况下，劳动力总量加倍了而劳动生产率减半，所以有效劳动力总量仍是相同的。答案类似于第三小题，两国都从贸易中获益了。但是，相对于第四小题，外国的获益减少了。 6.实际上，相对工资率由相应的劳动生产率和对产品的相对需求决定。韩国的低工资率反映了韩国大部分行业的劳动生产率比美国低。和低劳动生产率，低工资率的国家进行贸易可以提高像美国那样高劳动生产率国家的福利和生活水平。所以这种贫民劳动论是错误的。
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》第八版课后答案(英文)-Ch06
Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade Chapter Organization Economies of Scale and International Trade: An Overview Economies of Scale and Market Structure The Theory of Imperfect Competition Monopoly: A Brief Review Monopolistic Competition Limitations of the Monopolistic Competition Model Monopolistic Competition and Trade The Effects of Increased Market Size Gains from an Integrated Market: A Numerical Example Economies of Scale and Comparative Advantage The Significance of Intraindustry Trade Why Intraindustry Trade Matters Case Study: Intraindustry Trade in Action: The North American Auto Pact Dumping The Economics of Dumping Case Study: Anti-Dumping as Protection Reciprocal Dumping The Theory of External Economies Specialized Suppliers Labor Market Pooling Knowledge Spillovers External Economies and Increasing Returns
国际经济学作业答案
C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework (a) I nternational trade in goods (b) I nternational conflict resolution (c) I nternational trade in services (d) I nternational trade in factors of production (e) I nternational borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) t he physical increase in output as country grows. (b) t he dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) t he increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) t he marginal product of labor. (e) t he marginal product of capital.
Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) i ncrease total world output. (b) i mprove the economic welfare of everyone. (c) i mprove the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) i mprove the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) N one of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) w orkers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) w orkers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) w orkers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country.
最新国际经济学考试试题完美版,含答案
全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试 国际经济学试题 课程代码00140 一、单项选择题25小题1分25分 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.从十五世纪初到十八世纪中叶A A.重商主义 B.重农主义 C.重金主义 D.货币主义 2.采取进口替代战略的国家不倾向使用的政策是D A.对进口关税设置壁垒 B.对非关税设置障碍 C.对外汇实行管制 D.对本国货币低估对外价值 3.相对技术差异论的提出者是B A.斯密 B.李嘉图 C.奥林 D.赫克歇尔 4.关税与贸易总协定进行了多轮多边贸易谈判C A.日内瓦回合 B.东京回合 C.乌拉圭回合 D.安纳西回合 5.世界贸易组织成立于C A.1993年 B.1994年 C.1995年 D.1996年 6.一般而言不属于外汇市场主要参与者的是D A.商业银行 B.中央银行 C.外贸公司 D.居民个人 7.国际收支平衡表中最重要的收支差额是D A.官方结算差额 B.商品贸易差额 C.基本收支差额 D.经常项目差额 8.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是C A.调整论 B.货币论 C.弹性论 D.平衡论 9.从总体上看 产品的需求弹性的绝对值将A A.大于1 B.小于1 C.等于1 D.不确定 10.在开放经济条件下c=0.6s=0.3 考虑政府的财政收入部分C A.10/9 B.5/3 C.5/2 D.10/3 11.下列属于非关税壁垒的措施是D A.反倾销税 B.反补贴税 C.进口附加税 D.国内最低限价 12.最佳关税来源于B A.进口国厂商 B.出口国厂商 C.第三国出口厂商 D.第三国进口厂商
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》第八版课后答案(英文)-Ch08
Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade Policy Chapter Organization Basic Tariff Analysis Supply, Demand, and Trade in a Single Industry Effects of a Tariff Measuring the Amount of Protection Costs and Benefits of a Tariff Consumer and Producer Surplus Measuring the Costs and Benefits Other Instruments of Trade Policy Export Subsidies: Theory Case Study: Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy Import Quotas: Theory Case Study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. Sugar Voluntary Export Restraints Case Study: A Voluntary Export Restraint in Practice: Japanese Autos Local Content Requirements Box: American Buses, Made in Hungary Other Trade Policy Instruments The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary Summary Appendix I: Tariff Analysis in General Equilibrium A Tariff in a Small Country A Tariff in a Large Country Appendix II: Tariffs and Import Quotas in the Presence of Monopoly The Model with Free Trade The Model with a Tariff The Model with an Import Quota Comparing a Tariff with a Quota
克鲁格曼国际经济学第八版上册课后答案
Overview of Section II: International Trade Policy Section II of the text is comprised of four chapters: Chapter 8The Instruments of Trade Policy Chapter 9The Political Economy of Trade Policy Chapter 10Trade Policy in Developing Countries Chapter 11Controversies in Trade Policy n Section II Overview Trade policy issues figure prominently in current political debates and public policy discussions. The first two chapters of this section of the text are concerned with the instruments of trade policy and the arguments for free trade and managed trade. The second two chapters consider these concepts in the context of specific sets of countries that face common problems. Throughout, the use of case studies provides the student with real world examples that clearly illustrate the theoretical arguments. Chapter 8 discusses various instruments of trade policy including tariffs, quotas, voluntary export restraints, and local content requirements. The effects of these policies on prices and trade volumes are determined in the context of a partial equilibrium framework. The chapter reviews the analytical tools of consumer and producer surplus, and uses these tools to consider the welfare effects of various protectionist measures. The specific incidents of trade restrictions presented as case studies include import quotas on sugar entering United States markets, voluntary export restraints on Japanese autos, and oil import quotas. Chapter 9 presents the set of ideas known as the political economy of trade theory. These ideas enable you to understand why certain trade restrictions exist, despite the force of general economic arguments which suggest that they reduce aggregate welfare. Possible motivations for trade restrictions are identified as those which increase national welfare, such as the optimum tariff, and those which foster either income
国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)
【国际经济学】英文题库 Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States? *A. Coffee, tea, cocoa B. steel, copper, aluminum C. petroleum, coal, natural gas D. typewriters, computers, airplanes 2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of: A. the United States *B. Switzerland C. Germany D. England 3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has: *A. grown B. diminished C. remained unchanged D. cannot say 4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by: A. the size of the nations' population B. the percentage of its population to its GDP *C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP D. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for: *A. small nations
国际经济学第十版课后答案(萨尔瓦多、杨冰译)
国际经济学（第十版）多米尼克.萨尔瓦多(著) P16页练习题 6.（1）根据消费者需求理论，当其他条件不变时，一种商品价格的提高（如由于税率的上浮所致），会带来需求量的什么变化？ 答：根据消费者需求理论，当其他条件不变时，一种商品价格的提高，则该商品的需求量将会下降。 （2）根据消费者需求理论，一种进口商品价格的提高（如由于进口关税的上浮所致），会带来需求量的什么变化？ 答：根据消费者需求理论，一种进口商品价格的提高，则该商品的出口量将会下降。 7．（1）一国政府如何能消除或减少预算赤字？ 答：一国政府可以通过减少政府支出、增加税收，来消除或者减少预算赤字。（2）一个国家如何能消除或减少贸易逆差？ 答：一个国家要消除或减少其贸易逆差的方式有：对进口商品增税、补贴出口，借如更多的国外债券、减少借出外国债券，降低该国的国民收入水平。 8．（1）国际经济关系与地区经济关系有何区别？ 答：在国际经济关系下，国家通常限制在国际间的自由流动的货物、服务和因素，不同的语言、消费习惯和法律规定同样也阻碍了它们在国际间的流动，此外，国际收支会在各种货币收据和付款中流通。 而在地区经济关系下，就关税和进行相同的货币而言,区际流动的货物、服务和因素没有面临这样的限制因素，它们经常是在同样的语言环境下，在类似的消费习惯和法律规定下进行的，这就与国际经济关系形成了鲜明对比。 （2）它们在哪方面相似？ 答：国际经济关系和地区经济关系的相似点：两者都跨越了空间距离，事实上，它们都是在远距离贸易下的产物，把经济看待成在一个进行着生产、交换和消费的空间中的单一点，这也是从经济学的复位空间将它们区分。 1
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》中文版·第九版 课后习题答案
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》中文版·第九版课后习题答案 第一章练习与答案 1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要？ 答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要。 2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答案提示： 3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？ 试解释原因。 答案提示： 4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。 答案提示： 5．如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？ 答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。 6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。 答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。对于进口国来讲，贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。 7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？ 答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。 8．根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？ 答案提示：小国。 9*．为什么说两个部门要素使用比例的不同会导致生产可能性边界曲线向外凸？ 答案提示： 第二章答案 1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。
(完整版)国际经济学课后习题答案
这是我在网上找的，大多数题目都有，朋友们可以参考一下！有一点不确定的是G—L指数，大家再上网查看看，是乘100还是乘1？希望可以给你们帮助，预祝大家顺利通过！ 第二章古典国际贸易理论 在古典贸易模型中，假设A国有120名劳动力，B国有50名劳动力，如果生产棉花的话，A国的人均产量是2吨，B国也是2吨；要是生产大米的话，A国的人均产量是10吨，B国则是16吨。画出两国的生产可能性曲线并分析两国中哪一国拥有生产大米的绝对优势？哪一国拥有生产大米的比较优势？ 思路：B国由于每人能生产16吨大米，而A国每人仅生产10吨大米，所以B国具有生产大米的绝对优势。 从两国生产可能性曲线看出A国生产大米的机会成本为0.2，而B国为0.125，所以B国生产大米的机会成本或相对成本低于A国，B国生产大米具有比较优势。 1.下表列出了加拿大和中国生产1单位计算机和1单位小麦所需的劳动时间。 假定生产计算机和小麦都只用劳动，加拿大的总劳动为600小时，中国总劳动为800小时。 （1）计算不发生贸易时各国生产计算机的机会成本。 （2）哪个国家具有生产计算机的比较优势？哪个国家具有生产小麦的比较优势？ （3）如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换22单位的小麦，加拿大参与贸易可以从每单位的进口中节省多少劳动时间？中国可以从每单位进口中节省多少劳动时间？如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换24单位的小麦，加拿大和中国分别可以从进口每单位的货物中节省多少劳动时间？ （4）在自由贸易的情况下，各国应生产什么产品，数量是多少？整个世界的福利水平是提高还是降低了？试用图分析。（以效用水平来衡量福利水平）思路： （1）中国生产计算机的机会成本为100/4=25，加拿大为60/3=20
克鲁格曼《国际经济学》第八版课后答案(英文)-Ch09
Chapter 9 The Political Economy of Trade Policy Chapter Organization The Case for Free Trade Free Trade and Efficiency Additional Gains from Free Trade Rent Seeking Political Arguments for Free Trade Case Study: The Gain from ―1992‖ National Welfare Arguments against Free Trade The Terms of Trade Argument for a Tariff The Domestic Market Failure Argument against Free Trade How Convincing is the Market Failure Argument? Income Distribution and Trade Policy Electoral Competition Collective Action Modeling the Political Process Who Gets Protected? Box: Politicians for Sale: Evidence from the 1990s International Negotiations and Trade Policy The Advantages of Negotiation International Trading Agreements: A Brief History The Uruguay Round Trade Liberalization From the GATT to the WTO Box: Settling a Dispute, and Creating One Benefits and Costs The Doha Disappointment Box: Do Agricultural Subsidies Hurt the Third World? Preferential Trading Agreements Case Study: Tes ting the WTO’s Metal