一套专四的试题及答案

模拟题

Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.

The “standard of living” of any country means the average person's share of the g oods and services the country produces.

A country's standard of living, ____31_______, depends first and 32 on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money 33 on things that money can bu y: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and “ __34 __ ” .

A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of 35 have an effect on one another. Wealth depends 36 a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a 37 climate; other regions possess none of them.

Next to natural resources 38 the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well 39 as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and 40 wars, and 41 this and other reasons was 42 to develop her resources. 43 and stable political conditions, and 44 _____ from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well 45 by nature but less well ordered.

A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed 46 it own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. 47 Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on 48 _ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would 49 be lacking. A country?s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, 50 that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

31. A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless D. furthermore

32. A. primary B. principal C. foremost D. uniquely

33. A. or B. nor C. but D. except

34. A. recreation B. enlightenment C. refreshment D. entertainment

35. A. if B. them C. which D. that

36. A. with B. for C. to D. on

37. A. neutral B. favorabl C. virtuous D. marine

38. A. comes B. come C. coming D. came

39. A. off B. known C. done D. furnished

40. A. military B. external C. contemporary D. domestic

41. A. for B. because C. because of D. due to

42. A. Impossible B. Incapable C. unable D. proficient

43. A. Strong B. Sturdy C. Sound D. Robust

44. A. liberty B. freedom C. prevention D. liberation

45. A .assisted B. avenged C. rescued D. served

46. A. with B. within C. near D. without

47. A. In short B. For example C. firstly D. On one hand

48. A. those B. what C. that D. it

49. A. likely B. likewise C. certainly D. otherwise

50. A. provided B. depended C. given D. supposed

PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]

There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Mark your answers on your answer sheet.

51. We often advise him not to drink more wine __________is good for his health.

A. as

B. than

C. that

D. but

52. It is necessary that an efficient worker __________his work on time.

A. accomplishes

B. can accomplish

C. accomplish

D. has accomplished

53. My father will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that he __________ today.

A. was coming

B. is coming

C. will come

D. come

54. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge __________ our thinking.

A which to be based on B. which to be base upon C. upon which to base D. to which to be based

55. I didn't call to make my airline reservation, but I __________.

A. should have

B. may have

C. must have

D. shall have

56. It?s the first time that she has been to the United States, __________?

A. isn't she

B. hasn't she

C. isn't it

D. hasn't it

57. I think that the labor bill will pass; it's ____________that it will.

A. almost surely

B. very likely

C. near positive

D. quite certainly

58. An increase in a nation's money supply, without an accompanying increase in economic activity, __________result in higher prices.

A. tends

B. tends the

C. tending to

D. will tend to

59. X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make __________details that are otherwise impossible to observe.

A. it visible

B. visibly

C. visible

D. they are visible

60. Prices for bikes at that store run__________250 dollars.

A. as high as

B. as high to

C. so high to

D. so high as

61. He will not be __________ to vote in this year's election.

A. enough old

B. as old enough

C. old enough

D. enough old as

62. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions __________a politician.

A. such

B. more

C. as

D. than

63. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree__________.

A. my education will be employed by the university

B. employment will be given to me by the university

C. the university will employ me

D. I will be employed by the university

64. If Bob's wife won't agree to sign the papers, ____________.

A. neither he will

B. neither will he

C. neither won't he

D. he won't neither

65. _____ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

A. What

B. That

C. It

D. As

66. A violent revolution having broken out, all the ports of that country were laid under a(n) ______.

A. boycott

B. embargo

C. embark

D. ban

67. Since_________ can't work in the United States without a permit, so it is of great importance for them to present their credentials to the government.

A. emigrants

B. expatriates

C. migrants

D. immigrants

68. Most investors are taught at the very beginning that there is no place for __________in investment markets.

A. feeling

B. emotion

C. passion

D. sentiment

69. I__________ my ordinary income by doing some part-time work.

A. compliment

B. Complement

C. supplement

D. implement

70. Before the statue could be __________to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.

A. transformed

B. transported

C. transferred

D. transmitted

71. The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage __________upon the world by the war,

A. imposed

B. impressed

C. compelled

D. compressed

72. Roger, who __________in courage, is highly respected by all his peers in the villages.

A. bounds

B. possesses

C. declares

D. abounds

73. The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only_________ by a river.

A. accessible

B. available

C. obtainable

D. achievable

74. He__________ interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions.

A. continually

B. continuously

C. consistently

D. constantly

75. Being a man of _________ and public spirit. Mr. Russell labored zealously to advance the interest of the community and was much interested in bringing new manufacturing interests to Waterloo.

A. firm

B. enterprise

C. company

D. corporation

76. When people do things wrong we should try hard to forgive them, as the idiom goe s, “To ______ is human.”

A. refer

B. confer

C. defer

D. err

77. Although gaining a job as a real __________agent or broker may be relatively easy, beginning agents and brokers may face competition from well-established, more experienced ones.

A. property

B. estate

C. house

D. assets

78. The constitution of the State required that property should be __________for taxation at its market value.

A. estimated

B. appraised

C. evaluated

D. valued

79. On June 15, 1909, after Scott finished his rushed plans for his________ to the South Pole, he departed from England.

A. tour

B. voyage

C. expedition

D. excursion

80. The government authority had to __________oil and other products so that it would not run out during war.

A. share

B. fare

C. provide

D. ration

PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]

In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

Mark your answers on your answer sheet.

TEXT A

All Sir William Jones wanted to do was to learn Sanskrit. While he was studying, however, he made a surprising discovery. This ancient language of India was amazingly similar to Latin and Greek. The Sanskrit word for "mother"—matar—was almost identical to the Latin word, mater. “Father” was pitar in Sanskrit, pater in Latin and Greek. The more he studied, the more similarities he found.

How could this be? Thousands of miles and many natural barriers separated India and Europe. Still, Jones concluded, the similarities were too strong to be accidental. In 1786, he announced “No one could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source.”

Since then, scholars have traced many languages to this “common source.” Today, these languages are called the Indo-European family. But where did this source originate? Language and geography provide the clues. European languages have similar words for the animals and trees of northern Europe, such as oak, willow, bear, and wolf. There are no common words for the animals and trees of southern Europe.

To scholars, this suggests that the Indo-European languages began in north central Europe. In time, some northern Europeans set out toward the east, settling in Iran, India, and Pakistan. Others migrated westward toward southern and western Europe. The root language developed into dozens of different languages, but the family resemblances remain. The word for “three” is drei in German, tres in Spanish, tre in Albanian, and tri in Russian.

Almost every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family, but there are exceptions. Hungarian and Finnish cling to other language families. High in the Pyrenees, the Basque people speak a language that has no known relatives. Perhaps the Basques were the original inhabitants of the region. Isolated by mountains, they may have been bypassed by the spread of Indo-European culture.

81. What did Sir William Jones discover when he was learning Sanskrit?

A. Sanskrit was very similar to some European languages.

B. Sanskrit was an ancient language.

C. The Sanskrit word for mother is the same as that in Latin.

D. Latin and Greek were very similar.

82. Which of the following statements is true about "the common source"?

A. Jones found out the common source.

B. All languages sprang from the common source.

C. Only three languages sprang from the common source.

D. Since 1786, scholars have traced many languages to the common source.

83. Where did the common source originate?

A. In southern Europe.

B. In north-central Europe.

C. In India.

D. in Pakistan.

84. What can be concluded from the passage?

A. Jones first discovered the root language.

B. The languages with the common source are called the Indo-European family.

C. The root language developed into different languages as people migrated.

D. Every language in Europe is part of the Indo-European family.

TEXT B

Your first culture shock came after you left your home country and you needed to adjust to the United States, It is now important to learn cultural information about your company, so that you will fit in and perform successfully. The people who make up this environment have their own customs, habits and expectations of each new employee. Gathering information that is formal (policy) and informal (traditions) will help you learn the professional norms and become fully accepted.

Policies are corporate documents describing procedures, rules, and standards that guide decision making and conduct. They are similar to official laws that govern a country. Some sources of such written company information include the annual report, product or service brochures, technical and procedural manual, employee directory and the company newsletter. Organizational traditions are usually unwritten hut common practices that have evolved over time. They set the tone and philosophy of the particular corporation, just as the customs of a country do. The best way to learn such information is to observe and talk with others such as your supervisor and co-workers.

You can supplement ideas from formal introductory materials given you earlier. Explore with fellow employees those behaviors that may be tolerated but frowned upon. Ask your supervisor for feedback to avoid typical traps that could

cause your co-workers to reject you as a professional. Keep this guide nearby, and refer to it often in private. Reviewing formal company procedures, handouts, written notes, ideas, comments from bosses and colleagues, together with materials in this handbook, will help you make a more healthy cultural adjustment.

85. What is the purpose to learn cultural information?

A. To know the U. S. A. better.

B. To work better in the new environment.

C. To make more money.

D. To improve one's English.

86. According to the passage, ___________ is not the policy's function.

A. describing procedures, rules and standards

B. governing a country

C. helping to guide decision making and conduct

D. writing down the company's information

87. ____________ is the best way to learn the organizational traditions.

A. To read the policies

B. To study the philosophy

C. To study a country's customs

D. To observe and communicate with the colleagues and boss.

88. How to make a more healthy cultural adjustment?

A. Read this passage often.

B. Discuss the organizational culture with your colleagues.

C. Gather and review the formal and informal information in the corporation.

D. Ask your boss for help.

89. The passage is written to ___________.

A. help readers to understand the organization's culture

B. explain the culture shock

C. analyze the policies and traditions

D. help readers to work better with their supervisor and co-workers

TEXT C

“White hostility toward African Americans, and the resulting discrimination, have been fueled by a sense of threat. During slavery, many working-class whites, encouraged by slaveholders, feared the release of large numbers of blacks into the labor market and society in general. When northern industries used African Americans as strikebreakers in the first decades of this century, white workers feared the loss of their jobs. Today, many whi te Americans fear “black violence”. Moreover, specific fears about the “costs” of welfare as well as the "taking" of jobs through affirmative action have added to the fear of black violence.

These fears have translated into negative stereotypes of African Americans as a people who are prone to crime and violence, unwilling to work, and a drain on the white taxpayer through their welfare dependency. In turn, these stereotypes have been used to justify informal discrimination, to prevent the help to the urban poor, to be negligent in enforcing laws or policies prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers, and most important, to hesitate in making a serious effort at job creation for African Americans. The result is that African Americans? share o f valued resources has not increased much over the last two decades, even as formal discrimination has been greatly lessened. This fact is used to further the negative belief that African Americans have "not taken advantage of their equal opportunities."

90. According to the passage, how did the northern industries make use of African Americans in 1900s?

A. Sent them to ask the strikers to go back to work.

B. Made them work very hard.

C. Employed them to threaten the white strikers.

D. Released them into the labor market.

91. What is the ill influence of these negative stereotypes?

A. Giving help to the poor black.

B. Justifying informal discrimination.

C. Enforcing laws prohibiting discriminatory practices against black workers.

D. Creating opportunities of employment for the black.

92. What can be inferred from "a drain on the white taxpayer" about the African Americans?

A. They are unwilling to work.

B. They never pay tax.

C. They lack security.

D. Their welfare depends on the white's tax.

93. The author wrote the passage to tell us__________.

A. African Americans pose a threat to the whites in employment

B. African Americans are dependent on the tax paid by the whites

C. African Americans are discriminated against because they are often on strike

D. the sense of threat intensifies the white's hospitality and discrimination against the African Americans

TEXT D

“People thought of themselves as having rights from companies,” said Hoshua Freeman, a labor historian at Columbia University. That sense of entitlement grew even stronger in the early decades after World War II and collective bargaining became the arena for arguing out wages, pensions, health insurance, vacations, hours and job security.

That system is disappearing today. Career-long attachments to one employer, a notion born in the 1920's, are no longer the .norm. The new class-consciousness makes less distinction between workers and managers. Rights are relative, at best. An increasingly conservative electorate has reduced government's role in regulating the economy. Unions have lost influence and membership.

What people do is try to cope, by themselves, said Ms. Skelly, of DYG. Self-employment is one solution, DYG's polls show, and that is a rising trend. "They try, on the job, to hide any weakness in their performance," she said. “They work longer hours and take work home, without letting the boss know, to give the impression that they can do difficult tasks quickly. There is nothing like, …we are all in this together.? There is too much competition. People talk of their weakness to friends and spouses, but not to coworkers.”

And many Americans feel in their hearts that the unemployment might be justified. “There is a sense among people that we are inefficient and bloated,” Ms. Skelly said. “And unti l they feel that is no longer true, they are reluctant to criticize the forces that are cutting out the fat and the inefficiencies.”

94. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ___________.

A. people do not enjoy their rights nowadays

B. people are more likely to change their jobs than they were in the 1920's

C. workers and managers share the same rights today

D. nowadays, people refuse to take part in the Union

95. According to Ms Skelly, which of the following is true?

A. People like to work overtime.

B. People want to work at home.

C. People want to impress the boss with their capability and efficiency.

D. People need help from their families, for they cannot cope with difficult problems themselves.

96. People hide their weakness from___________.

A. their parents

B. their wives or husbands

C. their friends

D. their colleagues

97. The main idea of the passage is___________.

A. people thought of themselves as having rights from companies

B. people's sense of entitlement is not as strong as it used to be

C. people work at home

D. people regard unemployment as usual

TEXT E

You may not have thought of it just this way, but the letter you write is part of you, and expression of your personality. Therefore to write letters that are mere patterns of form is to present a colorless personality.

Letters, by their very nature, are too individual to be standardized. A letter may be absolutely perfect according to the standards of good taste and good form; but unless it also expresses something of the writer's personality, it is not a good letter.

In other words, don't be satisfied to write letters that are just correct and nothing more. Try to write letters that are correct for you... letters that are warm and alive with reflections of your own personality.

And if this sounds like a platitude (陈词滥调), stop for a moment and think back over your recent correspondence. What was the most interesting letter you received? Was it a letter anyone could have written? Or was it a letter that instantly “came alive” as yo u read it—that brought the personality of the sender right into the room with you. as though you were face to face, listening instead of reading?

The fault with too many letters, today as in the past—the reason so many letters are dull and lifeless, and often fail to accomplish the purpose for which they are written is simply this: They sound exactly like the letters everyone else writes. They are neither exciting to receive nor stimulating to read.

98. What does the author mean by saying “the letter you write is part of you”?

A. Writing letters plays an important part in your life.

B. When you write letters, you should be careful about what to write.

C. People can see your personality from the letters you write.

D. You should write good letters.

99. What does the author want to explain in the fourth paragraph?

A. A good letter presents one's personality.

B. His opinion is a platitude.

C. Letter-writing is interesting.

D. Talking face to face is a better way to communicate than writing letters.

100. The best title for the passage is___________.

A. Letter Writing

B. Personality in Letter Writing

C. To Write Interesting Letters

D. To Write Correct Letters

PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]

SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN]

We all know that men and women play different roles in modern society, and that they differ in many ways, such as how to perceive the world, how to tackle problems and how to approach people. Think about the issue and discuss the different ways in which men and women behave in terms of interpersonal relationships, expressing affection, friendship and views on beauty.

Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

The Different Approaches or Perceptions of Men and Women

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state your view on this issue.

In the second part, support your view with details or examples.

In the last part, bring what, you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.

Marks will be rewarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN]

Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:

You are William or Aileen. You are invited this weekend to a farewell party hosted by your friend, Sandy, who is going abroad for his PhD. Study. However, you are unable to see him off. Write him a note politely declining his invitation and expressing your good wishes to him.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

Part III

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Part IV

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Part V

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