2019年高考英语阅读理解复习

高考英语阅读理解实战练习(名师剖析解题思路与技巧+WORD版本真题实战训练，对高考实战具有重大参考价值，建议下载打印练习)

考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明：

1. 理解语篇主旨大意；

2. 理解文中具体信息；

3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；

4. 做出简单的判断和推理；

5. 理解文章的基本结构；

6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度。

一. 主旨大意+作者的观点、意图和态度

设题方式

①.考查文章的中心思想

The main idea/key point of this passage is that_________ .

The passage is mainly about _________.

From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________ .

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

②.考查文章标题的选择

The best title/headline for this passage is_________ .

Which of the following is the best title?

What would be the best title for the text?

The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________ .

③.考查作者的写作态度和意图

What is the author‘s main purpose in this passage?

The writer‘s purpose in writing this story is_________ .

In the passage the author wants to tell_________ .

The writer‘s attitude toward ... is_________ .

干扰项特点

1. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者

以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。

3. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不

注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

5. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析

之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

解题指导

1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。

主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况:

1）主题句在开头?主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义?点明主题的作用,

它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨?而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字

或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题，常伴有for example\ i.e. \that is \first\ second \ finally \once

\another time \for one thing 等词。例如:

In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful

animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day, Nearly

four decades later, I still look back fondly to that golden day at sea.

54. what is the theme of the story?（2010年湖北卷A篇）

A. Saving lives brings people a sense of happiness

B. Fishing provides excitement for children

C. It‘s necessary to live in harmony with animals

D. It‘s vital to protect the environment

54. 答案：A 考点：：考查主旨大意从文章最后一段可以概括出来

My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with

respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.

59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?（2010年重庆卷A篇）

A. We should learn to be generous.

B. It is honorable to help those in need.

C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.

D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.

解析：主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I

think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. 可知，作者想要表

达的是不要以貌取人。由此判断选D项。

We often don‘t remember things as well when we‘re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in,

so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people

names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect

our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come

off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.

52. What is the main idea of the passage? （2010年浙江卷C篇）

A. Multitasking has become a way of life.

B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.

C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.

D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.

解析：主旨大意题。最后一段中作者继续描述了之前的观点：一个人同时从事多项工作会出

现很多问题。回到整篇文章，作者主要观点就是告诉大家：多项工作不能产生高效的结果，

故选择B。

【考例分析1】71. The passage is mainly about . (2009 江西卷)

A. honour and writers

B. identity and signature

C. signature and responsibility

D. anonymity and signature 【答案】 C

【解析】考生可以快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句，从而确定文章的主题句。例如文章首段就举例引出名字和责任的关系，从最后一句Responsibility is the name of the game可看出；第二段和第三段分别举出两个反例来论证，注意两段的开头的关键短语to accept responsibility for the relationship和remain anonymous for various reasons。最后一段总结，与首段形成照应。A项是断章取义。命题者利用最后一段中的honour来命题，从而设置干扰项。B、D两项是以偏概全。Identity和anonymity只是在第三段提及。

【考例分析2】60. What is the text mainly about?（2009 湖南卷）

A. The research into war history.

B. The finding of a forgotten hero.

C. The pilots of the two world wars.

D. The importance of military studies.

【解析】文章讲述由一张旧报纸上的照片重新发现英雄McKayde过程以及对McKay的了解和评价，所以B项正确。文章首段便是主题句。A项断章取义，文章只是提到了一战，并

非讲述历史；C项似是而非，命题根据文中的pilot来设题迷惑考生，实际上只是讲述了一

战时的一位飞行员；D项无中生有，根本没有提及军事研究的重要性。

【考例分析3】45. What is the passage mainly about? （2009天津卷）

A. The changes of the author‘s attitude to her mother‘s English.

B. The limitation of the author‘s perception of her mother.

C. The author‘s misunderstanding of ―limited‖ English.

D. The author‘s experiences of

using broken English. 【答案】A

【解析】文章讲述的是作者对母亲的broken English由开始的―认为是不完美的（imperfect）‖　到后来逐渐认识到母亲的语言―内涵丰富‖的一个变化过程。首段点明主旨，

末段最后一句与之形成照应。B、C两项均以偏概全。B项是对第二、三段的概括，C项是对最后一段的概括。D项是张冠李戴，实际上是作者的母亲的经验。

2）主题句在结尾?用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳?画龙点睛的作用，多伴有so \therefore\thus \in short\ as a result\that is why 等词。例如:

【考例分析4】71. What is the main idea of the passage? （2009 北京卷）

A. Music education deserves more attention.

B. Music should be of top education priority.

C. Music is an effective communication tool.

D. Music education makes students more imaginative.【答案】 A

【解析】文章强调音乐教育的重要性，应当引起人们的广泛关注。最后一段的―So music

是主题句。B项无中生有，文章没education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.‖

有提及top education priority；C项是以偏概全，只是第四段的大意；D项是断章取义，命题

者以第四段中的imagination为出题依据来迷惑考生。

【考例分析5】75. What is the main idea of the passage?（2009 重庆卷）

A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.

B. The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.

C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.

D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.【答案】 B.

【解析】文章主要讲述了科学向好的方向还是坏的方向发展主要由人的态度决定。最后

一段点明主旨；A是项以偏概全，是第四段的大意；C项也是以偏概全，是第二段的大意；

D项断章取义，命题者根据文中的dangerous 和idea来出题迷惑考生，而实质上并没有表达

这样的意思。

【考例分析6】68. What is the text mainly about? （2009 湖南卷）

A. Fish dieting and human dieting.

B. Dieting and health.

C. Human dieting.

D. Fish dieting. 【答案】D

【解析】本文主要讲述了鱼类保持身体瘦小的原因。末段首句是文章的主题句。A项主题扩大，文章开始使用了人类瘦身与鱼类瘦身相类比，目的在于引起读者的兴趣，但不是文章叙述的主要内容。B项无中生有，文章并没有提及health。C项断章取义，文章只是用human dieting来衬托fishing diet。

3）主题句在中间?主题句出现在文章中间的情况通常是文章的开头部分提出问题,陈述细节,导出主题句,然后再进一步用细节支持说明主题句?在文章中间的主题句通常起着承上

启下的作用?例如:

【考例分析7】56. The author of the text mainly___________. (2009 陕西卷)

A. describes the activities of a law-breaker

B. suggests an ideal way to travel

C. argues against the air-courier travel

D. tells us about a developing business

解析：本文介绍一个新型的职业——航空投送员。第六段最后一句点明主旨，答案 D

。文章开即：―It is not cheap for a business to send a package withan air courier, but it is quick.‖头举例以引起读者的兴趣，最后一段介绍这种新职业的发展情况。

值得注意的是:有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题?这就要求考生

在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意?

2.理清层次关系,，选出最佳标题

标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,函盖性强?做这类题目时,

要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局

部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或

过宽的选项过滤掉。例如:

When you‘re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the

world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!

49. What would be the best title for the text?（2010年全国卷II B篇）

A．Adventures in Travel Writing B．Working as a Food Critic

C．Travel Guides on the Market D．Vacationing for a Living

49. 答案：D 考点：：考主旨大意

解析：提示在文章第一段结尾句―Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!‖

和第二段第二句―but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those

things,‖说明了没有想到―度假也可以谋生‖的欣喜之情。

Too much TV-watching can harm children‘s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of

getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television

on children.

67. What would be the best title for this text? （2010年辽宁卷C篇-节选自文章第一段）

A. Computers or Television

B. Effects of Television on Children

C. Studies on TV and College Education

D. Television and Children's Learning Habits

67. B. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过两项研究分析了儿童看电视所造成的影

响。文章第一段第一句话是主题句，所以B项作为标题是最佳的。

To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.

Common sense is not all that common.

Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?

These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot

about human nature . To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems

onsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural

that most people don‘t want to accept the resp

thing to do . The original quote about human nature went like this:‖ To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的). ‖This saying mirrors an deal people should be forgiving of others‘ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking

responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.

55. What would be the best title for his passage?（2010年天津卷D篇-文章第一部分）

A. A Mirror of Human Nature

B. To Blame or to Forgive

C. A Mark of Maturity

D. Truth or Excuse

55. A. 主旨大意题。从全文和引言后第一段倒数第二句可知文章标题：人性的镜子。

引言后第一段第三句可知：批评别人的错误

【考例8】75. Which of the following would be the best titile for this passage? （2009福建卷）

A. Saving Energy Starts at Home.

B. Changing Our Habits Begins at Work

C. Changing Climate Sounds Reasonable

D. Reducing Emissions of CO 2 Proves Difficult 【答案】 A

【解析】本文作者说明人们从日常生活的细节做起，从自己家庭开始，一点一滴着手保

护环境。文章首段最后一句是文章的主题句。接下来三段讲述的是个人节约能源的方法。B 项是断章取义。末段最后一句提到了B项内容，但只是说明这是节约能源的方法之一；C 也是断章取义，文章虽然提到个人的行为也能改变气候，但这并非主题；D项是无中生有，文章并没有提到此项内容。

3.抓住关键词，判断作者意图

作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章

中反映出来?常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类此（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类此(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色

彩的形容词如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fail, ignore等，以及作者对人物语言?行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度?例如:

【考例9】The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet(出路) for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But

even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.

75. What is the main purpose of the passage?（2010年重庆卷E篇）

A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.

B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world.

C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder.

D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe.

75. 答案：B。作者意图题。由文章最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是要告诉我们

不要沉迷在幻想之中。由此判断选B项。

65. The author intends to __________（2009 山东卷）

A. make consumers aware of the promoters‘ false promises

B. show the weakness of the law on product safety

C. give advice on how to keep young and beautiful

D. introduce the organization of FDA. 【答案】 A

【解析】通读全文可知，作者的目的是让消费者注意虚假的承诺。注意第四段第一句中

的关键短语nothing more than money-making things, dangerous to health以及文章最后一句都

能体现作者的意图。B、D两项都是以偏概全；C项无中生有，文中根本没有提及。

【考例分析10】68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents__________.（2009 海南、宁夏卷）

A. how to get along with a teenager

B. how to respect a teenager

C. how to understand a teenager

D. how to help a teenager grow up【答案】D

【解析】本文主要讲了作为父母，我们应该如何帮助孩子成长。首段最后一句是主题句。注意这些关键词句：give your child...; teach your teenager; expect alot from child等，这些都表明了作者写本文的目的。A项主题扩大，和孩子相处包含很多内容，而文章所讲只是其中的

一个方面；B项以偏概全，在第二段最后提及，并非主题句；C项是无中生有，文章没有提及。

总之，主旨大意类题虽然综合性强，对考生的能力要求较高，但只要我们掌握了一定的解题

技巧，在读懂读透文章的基础上，仔细对比四个备选项之间的内涵与外延之间的差异，定能准确地找出正确答案。

二. 细节题

正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。

干扰选项的特点： 1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；

2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；

3. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；

4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；

5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。

例如：For Norman Bethune, saving lives was the most important thing in the world.

Norman Bethune thought that __.

A. he himself was a famous doctor in the world

B. he could only save lives because he was a doctor

C. saving lives was more important than any other thing for him

D. in the world, he should do nothing but save lives

1、直接事实题：

先读题干，确定读材料的时要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读手法找出出处。

2、间接事实题：

需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。

3、事实细节题:主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解

能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果

(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。

常见问题形式有

1.三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正(三项错误，只有一项符合原文容)：

①.Which of the following is true/false except…?

②.Which of the following is mentioned except…

2.定义

3.年代与数字

4.比较

5.原因和结果

The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her morn," I don't know how to use a computer," she admits.

61. Why did Mary feel regretful? （2010年湖南卷）

A. She didn't achieve her ambition.

B. She didn't take care of her mother.

C. She didn't complete her high school.

D. She didn't follow her mother's advice.

61. 答案 D 细节理解题。

解析：根据第二段―Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，did she regret ignoring her mom，?I don t know how to use a computer,‘she admits. ‖

可判断选D项。

62, We can know that before 1995 Mary （2010年湖南卷）

A. had two books published

B. received many career awards

C. knew how to use a computer

D. supported the JDRF by writing

考点：：细节理解题。答案 B

解析：根据第二段―The show business thing worked out，of course. In her career，Mary won many 可判断选B项。

awards. ‖

Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. "I felt there was a need for a book like this," she says. " I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease. "

63. Mary's second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her . （2010湖南卷）

A. living with diabetes

B. successful show business

C. service for an organization

D. remembrance of her mother

考点：：细节理解题。答案 A

解析：根据第三段―her second book is less about life as an award winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). ‖

可判断选A项。

Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The

universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so

transmit ideas and thoughts to each other‘s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to

forget what a miracle (奇迹) it is.

72. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is_________. (2010年江西E篇)

A. our ability to use language

B. the miracle of technology

C. the amazing power of nature

D. our ability to make noises with mouth

考点：：细节理解题。答案：A

题目: 根据文章, 我们认为理所当然的奇迹是:

A: 我们使用语言的能力B: 技术的奇迹C: 自然的惊人力量

D: 我们用嘴制造噪音的能力。

解析：根据第一段倒数第二句话The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to

可知: 我

make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other‘s minds.

们把使用语言的能力这个奇迹当做理所当然。B, C选项与文章不符, 在第一段第二句话中可

得知。D选项易误导学生, 在文章中虽然有原话, 但一句话没有说完, 关键是通过嘴巴发出

的声音去给其他人传递信息。故D选项也是错误的。

After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided he'd better find a way to fight back. He left

Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic

Rockstar, and created diabeticrockstar. com, a free online community for diabetics and their loved

ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources.

57. Diabeitcrockstar. com was created for _________. （2010年山东卷A篇）

A. diabetics to communicate

B. volunteers to find jobs

C. children to amuse themselves

D. rock stars to share resources.

考点：：细节理解题。答案:A

解析：根据a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100

people share personal stories, information, and resources可知A项正确。

These days, Thomas's main focus is his charity（慈善机构）, Fight It, which provides medicines

and supplies to people—225 to date—who can't afford a diabetic's huge expenses. Fight-it. org has

raised about $23,000—in products and in cash. In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic

Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean.

59. What can we learn about Fight It?（2010年山东卷A篇）

A. It helps the diabetics in financial difficulties.

B. It organizes parties for volunteer once a year.

C. It offers less expensive medicine to diabetics.

D. It owns a well-known medical website.

解析：细节理解题。根据Fight It, which provides medicines and supplies to people—225 to

date—who can't afford a diabetic's huge expenses. Fight-it. org has raised about $23,000—in

products and in cash. 可知A项正确。

Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelor‘s degree at UC Berkeley, where she

studied with noted poet Denise Levertov, and her master‘s in creative writing from San Francisco State University. She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry that

analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think.

67. Which of the following is true of Rae Armantrout?（2010年山东卷C篇）

A. She published a poetry textbook.

B. She used to teach Denise Levertov.

C. She started a poets‘ group with others.

D. She taught creative writing at UC Berkeley.

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group

in American poetry可知C项正确。

Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic

Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People

who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just

the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can

mean so much.

43. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?（2010天津卷B

篇）

A. It inspires people‘s deep love for the country.

B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.

C. It helps the country out of natural disasters.

D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.

43. A. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a

gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. 可知A项正确。

This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother

was, and is also a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having

enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen

and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled

marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years,

rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal.

48. The author feels embarrassed for . （2010年天津卷C篇）

A. blaming her mother wrongly.

B. giving her mother a lot of trouble.

C. not making good use of time as her mother did.

D. not making any breakthrough in her field.

48. C. 细节理解题。最后一段中有I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough

child-free time to work. 可知答案。

These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot

about human nature . To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems

that most people don‘t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural

thing to do . The original quote about human nature went like this:‖　

To err is human, to forgive,

divine(神圣的). ‖This saying mirrors an deal people should be forgiving of others‘ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking

responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.

（2010年天津卷D篇）

52．According to the author, what is a sign of a man‘s maturity?

A．Doing things his own way. B．Bearing responsibility for his mistakes.

C．Making as few mistakes as possible．D．Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing.

52. B. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话However, taking responsibility for something that

went wrong is a making of great maturity. 可得出答案。

Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to

say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve

that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing

and pausing.

64. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her? （2010年北京卷）

A. Betty was talkative.

B. Betty was an interrupter.

C. Betty did not take her turn.

D. Betty paid no attention to Sara.

64. C 细节题，难题。难在弄不清谁是S谁是B，耐心读，动笔划，从第一段得出正确答

案并不难：Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation

Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a

Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon

18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the

government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the

academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.

69. The author thinks that with full government funding（2010年北京卷）

A. teachers are less satisfied

B. students are more demanding

C. students will become more competent

D. teachers will spend less time on teaching

69. D 细节题，简单题。根据题干关键词"full government funding"定位原文，根据"文题顺序

一致"原则从上一题them后面去找，会找到Full government funding (资助) is not very good for

and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly

universities….

lazy. "lazy"转换成"spendless time"不难得出正确选项。

例1. Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent

their childhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for

example, never went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker,

shop-keeper and post officer in his early years.

A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant（尤利塞斯·格兰特）and Dwight D. Eisenhower （德怀特·艾森豪威尔）. Grant

was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the Second World War It happened that they graduated from the same school─West Point Military Academy(西点军校)……

Q: President Eisenhower became well- known .

A. while studying in West Point Military Academy

B. during the American Civil War

C. after he was elected President of the U.S.

D. during World War II.

，Miss

例2.Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian，host of the well received TV programme ―Stars Tonight‖Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.

Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took

part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.

However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing，singing，making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.

，I am ―It‘s really a hard job for me. I won‘t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the

title. This time，in Shanghai，I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，" said Luo

Lin with a sweet smile.

Q：Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.

C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

三.猜测词义题: 词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比

较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。

1.词义猜测题常用的提问方式：

1).The word ―…‖ refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.

2).The word ―…‖ is most likely to mean ______.

3).What do you think the expression ―…‖ stands for?

...

4).The underlined word ―…‖ means ______....

2.猜测词义方法

1).Definition 定义法2).Contrast 对比法3). Similarity 相似法4). Cause and effect 因果法

5). Example 例举法6).Word Formation 构词法7).Context 上下文8).Common Sense 常识法

1).Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。

①.It will be very hard but very brittle— that is, it will break easily. ( )

②.The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ( )

2).Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。

I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me.

60. What does the word "shot" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?（2010年辽宁卷）

A. Choice.

B. Try

C. Style.

D. Goal

60. B. 词义猜测题。从第一句的hate，到but意义上的转折，说明尽管不喜欢，还是要―尝试一下‖，所以try的意思更接近shot。

①.Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. ( )

②.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

A. on time

B. late

C. slowly

D. quickly

3). Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。

①.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. ( )

4). Cause and effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。

Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all

need sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful.

（2010浙江卷A篇）

43. The underlin ed word ―rainbow‖ in the last paragraph refers to ______.

A. the rainbow in the sky

B. the stripes on the pavement

C. something imaginative and fun

D. important lessons learned in childhood

，可

答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段作者的感慨―to keep our hopes and dreams colorful‖以推断此时作者提到的rainbow不是指自己曾经画过的街道上的彩虹，而是指自己的人生中

的彩虹。

①.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. ()

②.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. ( )

5). Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等。

①.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.()

6).Word Formation 构词法：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：

①.super- ②.mini- ③.micro- ④.re-

⑤.mis- ⑥.im- ⑦.un- ⑧.in-

⑨.non- ⑩.-able ⑾.-less ⑿.-wards

Can you guess the right meanings?

microwave nonnatural mispronounce homeless

nonsmoker rebuild eastwards

7).Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

①.He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.

A. see clearly

B. understand

C. expect

②.Tom saw an owl last night．A．a bird B．an animal C. a star

Tom saw an owl in a tree last night．A．a bird B．an animal C. a star

Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near．

A．a bird B．an animal C. a star

③.The children are looking at an ape.

A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird

The children are looking at an ape at the zoo．

A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird

The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo．

A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird

It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. "

68. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?（2010年湖南卷）

A. The participants in the study.

B. The researchers of the study.

C. The errors made during the study.

D. The data collected from the study.

解析：根据定语从句―that t hey show‖所修饰的eye movements 在研究中为the participants

可知）可判断选所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people‖

A

Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with

the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we

did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.

（2010山东卷）

61. What does the underlined phrase ―over

-consumption‖ refer to?

A. Using too much packaging.

B. Recycling too many wastes.

C. Making more products than necessary.

D. Having more material than is needed.

解析：词义猜测题。根据文中的We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. 可知划线部分意义应为―过度消费‖，所以D项意义正确。

Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) . 42. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.（2010年天津卷）

A. describe life in an exciting way

B. turn real-life experiences into a play

C. make learning life skills more interesting

D. change people‘s views of sporting events

42. C. 词义猜测题。这部分前面的谓语动词是translate有―翻译，解释，转移，调动‖的意思，该部分后面有一个定语从句，前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。

8).Common Sense 常识法：在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间

接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风

俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，

猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。

例1.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.

3. Practice:

Passage 1

A man‘s position amo ng the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.

①.The word ―disgrace‖ means _________ in this text.

A. honor

B. endanger

C. proud

D. shame

Passage 2

The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.

banished‖ mean _______.

②.The underlined word ―

A. killed by stoning

B. sent away

C. imprisoned

D. punished by whipping

Passage 3

My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.

It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.

tedious‖ probably mean?

③.What does the underlined word ―

A. interesting

B. tiresome

C. relaxing

D. challenging

Passage 4

Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.

④.The word ―jeopardize‖ means _____ in this text.

A. protect

B. endanger

C. continue

D. stop

Passage 5

After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.

astounded‖ means ____.

⑤.The underlined word ―

A. very sad

B. very sorry

C. very pleased

D. greatly surprised

四.推理判断题

推理判断的题目中常含有infer、imply词汇等。

干扰项的特点： 1.将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；

2.将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。

解题方法： 1.判断推理要以文中事实为依据;

2.不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断;

3.杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。

技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。

注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点

解推断题最主要的方法: 根据词义关系推断具体细节。

题干形式：

1).It can be inferred from the text that ______.

2).From the text we know that ______.

3).The story implies that ______.

4).The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ______.

5).The writers attitude toward…is ______.

This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother

was, and is also a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having

enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen

and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled

marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years,

rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal.

49. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? （2010年天津卷）

A . The mother is successful in her career. B. The family members like traveling.

C. The author had little time to play when young.

D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.

49. A. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句This story—which happened before I was

born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is also a gifted mathematician. 推断。

I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom

entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In

fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in

shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part. in. and live in.

41. What can be inferred about the author as a child? （2010年四川卷A篇）

A. He never watched TV.

B. He read what he had to.

C. He found reading unbelievable.

D. He considered reading part of his life.

解析：41. 答案：D根据首段第一二句，―I grew up in a house… with one wall in my bedroom

可知作者

entirely lined with bookshelves…. I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing‖是在一个以书为伴的环境中长大的，读书像呼吸那样已经成为生活必需。

Duret, an engineer on vacation ,was walking with his girlfriend along the pier(码头)when he

saw something falling into the water . He thought it was a doll, but realized it was a child when

he approached the river. In an instant ,he took off his coat and jumped into the water.

50. Why was Duret in New York? （2010年陕西卷B篇）

A. To meet his girlfriend

B. To work as an engineer

C. To spend his holiday

D. To visit the Andersons.

50. C. 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五自然段的首句可知本题选C。

Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An

ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from cookers. Duret caught

a train with his girlfriend shortly after.

The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didn‘t realize hi of heroism he was leaving the next morning .

53. When was duet most probably found to be the very hero? （2010陕西卷B篇）

A. The day when he was leaving for home.

B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued

C. The first day when he was in New York

D. The same day when he was interviewed.

53. B. 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二自然段可以推断出本题选B。

Then the people realized what was happening. It was t he frog. They hadn‘t been useless. They had been doing an important job---eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.

（2010年辽宁卷A篇）

58. What might be the cause of the chil dren‘s sickness?

A. the crops didn‘t do well

B. there were too many insects

C. the visits brought in diseases

D. the pesticides were overused

58. B. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中They had been doing an important job---eating insects.

Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the

crops and spreading diseases. 可推断出庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少，害虫增多有关。

Now, the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to

sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.

59. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text?（2010年辽宁卷A篇）

A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country

B. Health is more important than money

C. The harmony between man and nature is important

D. good old day will never be forgotten

59. C. 推理判断题。最后一句These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning. 现

在夜晚的这些声音具有更深刻的意义。该句是一个中介句，说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡，

由此也影响了人类，因此，可以推断人与自然的和谐是重要。

In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the

lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.

While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms

66. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?（2010年辽宁卷C篇）

A. More time should be spent on computers.

B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.

C. 'IV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms,

D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done

66. C. 推理判断题。注意最后一段开头的while是―尽管‖的意思，所以这两段都是围绕儿童

卧室不应该放电视机的问题。

Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms. However, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more

familiar with characters from television shows and video games than with common wildlife.

Without modem technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction(交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends, we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen。

73. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?（2010重庆卷E篇）

A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.

B. The world around us could serve as a source of wonder.

C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.

D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.

解析：答案：B 推理判断题。Without modem technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. 这句话告诉我们，如果没有现代技术，即使一个小小的池塘也能成为一个令人惊异的世界。从而我们可以推测出

我们现实世界也是很美丽的，也是一切期间产生的根源。

The chain-link fencing and the bulldozers did their work. Now we live across the street from

six rows of apartment buildings. Each of them is three units high and stretches a block in each direction. The neighborhood has changed without the park. The streets I used to play in are jammed with cars now. Things will never be the same again. Sometimes I wonder, though, what changes another drought would make in the way things are today.

56. The last sentence of the passage implies that if another drought came, ______.

A. the situation would be much worse

B. people would have to desert their homes

C. the city would be fully prepared in advance

D. the city would have to redevelop the neighborhood

解析：答案： A 推理判断题。最后一段作者描述了目前自己居住的街道的变化，变得更加

拥挤了。从而作者有了另一种思考：如果再来一次干旱，是否会造成如这次干旱一样的一些

变化。从而可推测作者是隐射，环境会变的更加糟糕。

例1.One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，―I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂）and two spiders（蜘蛛）.‖

―What do you need these things for?‖ the shop assistant was very surprised.

―Well，‖replied the man，―I‘m moving out of my apart

ment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.‖Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing

and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff

knows almost everything. He doesn‘t ask questions

；he answers questions. He never says，―I don‘t

know.‖

（态度）towards Mr Neff?

Q：Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude

A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand

B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful

C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff

D. He does not like Mr. Neff

五. 高考英语阅读理解五大常考考点

第一点：开头结尾常考

①.记叙文开头交待文章的时间、地点、人物关系，结尾往往总结出文章的主旨抑或有

几句含金量很高的句子，可以作为推断题细节题滋生的天然土壤。②.说明文开头总写，每

段第一句话总写该段段意，最后一段下结论，总结全文。③.议论文开头引出话题抑或提出

论点，最后一段总结论点。从中同学们可以看出，无论是记叙文、说明文、议论文，文章中

最重要最帅气的段落，往往是开头结尾，所以对于开头结尾我们一定要认真理解，尤其是文

章中的最后一段的最后一句话。

【考例分析1】All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its

resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral, vegetable, and animal wealth there to provide

food for the entire world.

1. The author wants to tell us___.

A. that scientists try to measure the ocean depths

B. that scientists try to make use of resources

C. that the plant and animal life in the ocean remain unknown

D. that scientists try to explore life in the ocean and make use of it

第二点：因果关系常考

一篇文章中出现because/for/since/so/as a result等表示原因抑或结果的词引导的语句，往

往含金量非常高，是出题老师出细节题的最爱。

【考例分析2】Fu‘s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. Once a

restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. ―I‘ll tell you,‖ Fu said. ―But if your re going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant

should be renamed after my mother. ―　

1. The food is called brains because____.

A. it looks like brains

B. it has animal brains in it

C. Fu‘s mother liked the name

D. it makes one clever and live longer

2. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, one of the things he demanded was

that______. A. the restaurant shouldn‘t offer any other food

of the food must never be changed

B. the restaurant should use his mother‘s name

C. the shape

D. the food must be used to help sick people