(完整版)全新版大学英语第四册选择题
1.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ____ ground and air attacks.
A. launch
B. withstand
C. contest
D. contend
2. I’m pleased to hear of your job offer—all that hard work at school has obviously ______.
A. paid off
B. taken its toll
C. made a difference
D. shown up
3. The talks might ______ for weeks before any concrete result is announced.
A. press on
B. drag on
C. get bogged down
D. hold on
4. We need someone really ______ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.
A. crucial
B. realistic
C. essential
D. efficient
5. Once Mrs. Kirkpatrick ____ you in conversation, you’re stuck with her for at least half an hour.
A. submerges
B. engages
C. occupies
D. launches
6. Their refusal to compromise is a major ______ that stands in the way of further peace talks.
A. obstacle
B. complication
C. entity
D. hazard
7. However, the new law, once passed, will ______ the Bridlington agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.
A. convert
B. cancel
C. eliminate
D. render
8. I will hold you personally ______ if anything goes wrong in this project.
A. destructive
B. lucrative
C. diverse
D. responsible
9. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ______ from the list for promotion.
A. eliminated
B. retreated
C. pried
D. wrenched
10. The intelligence department was accused of failure to ______ the troops to the possibility of an enemy attack during the weekend.
A. instruct
B. warn
C. dictate
D. alert
11. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially ______.
A. constructive
B. feasible
C. favorable
D. stiff
12. Under normal circumstances the body can ______ these naturally occurring substances into vitamins.
A. render
B. derive
C. convert
D. originate
13. This course focuses on the ______ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation.
A. conception
B. combination
C. application
D. introduction
14. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架), so that you don’t have to worry about
holding it steady while you ask questions.
A. withstand
B. mount
C. implement
D. dwell
15. The camps are not usually tent-type camps. They are mostly long-established, _____ structures, often with strange Indian names.
A. permanent
B. historical
C. monotonous
D. raw
16. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and ______ increase its market power.
A. therefore
B. thereby
C. hence
D. further
17. ______ students should be motive by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.
A. Prospective
B. Responsible
C. Ethnic
D. Realistic
18.Our postgraduate students are fully integrated into the departmental research ______ and, in
addition, participate in the Postgraduate Education Program.
A. cooperation
B. endeavor
C. administration
D. network
19. As a reporter, I was paid to ______ into other people’s lives.
A. pry
B. convert
C. blurt
D. carve
20. The ball was ______ out of his grasp by a player on the other team.
A. wrenched
B. contested
C. interrupted
D. sucked
21. As he walked out of the court, he was ______ with frustration and rage.
A. applauding
B. quivering
C. paralyzing
D. limping
22. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ______ process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases.
A. efficient
B. stagnant
C. intricate
D. appropriate
23. Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural, some were ______ out.
A. carved
B. pried
C. penetrated
D. decorated
24. The doctor ______ Billy’s operation with X-rays and special exercises to make him stronger.
A. went after
B. followed up
C. started up
D. took on
25. People from different cultures have different ______ of the world.
A. impressions
B. complications
C. foundations
D. conceptions
26. Don’t let his criticism ______ you; he belongs to the kind of people who take delight in finding fault with others’ work.
A. discourage
B. concern
C. dictate
D. paralyze
27. The survey found 80 percent of viewers were ______ by the violent scenes in the film.
A. eliminated
B. alerted
C. offended
D. discouraged
28. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ______ services.
A. essential
B. appropriate
C. equivalent
D. lucrative
29. In today’s working world the roles of men and women are becoming ______.
A. dwarfed
B. incorporated
C. correlated
D. blurred
30. This disease ______ in Africa but has now spread to many parts of the world.
A. derived
B. originated
C. sparkled
D. dwelled
1.“Have you any ______ plans for your future now that you’ve completed your graduate studies?”
A.Decisive
B. exact
C. precise
D. definite
2. Anyone caught ______ an offense will be punished.
A. conducting
B. executing
C. performing
D. committing
3. There is scientific evidence to support our __ that being surrounded by plants is good for health.
A. perception
B. instinct
C. conception
D. implication
4. Israeli troops ______ by launching a bombing attack on the Palestinian-controlled areas.
A. had a crack
B. took a toll
C. took revenge
D. followed up
5. He should ______ what he’s good at, and not switch to something he knows nothing about.
A. take on
B. stick to
C. go after
D. live on
6. To be ______ with you, I think you’re making a dreadful mistake by refusing to cooperate.
A. candid
B. pertinent
C. mild
D. vivid
7. There are still some ______ for students of science and engineering, but those in arts and humanities have been filled.
A. positions
B. vacancies
C. categories
D. applications
8. The plants are in a(n) __ plastic box, so the children can observe how the roots grow with time.
A. appropriate
B. intricate
C. transparent
D. waterproof
9. The United Nations was supposed to ______ the role of global peace-keeper.
A. contend
B. nurture
C. carve
D. undertake
10. People under a lot of ______ may experience headaches, minor pains and sleeping difficulties.
A. stress
B. exposure
C. endurance
D. endeavor
11. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _ shock and anger throughout the world.
A. summoned
B. tempted
C. provoked
D. enveloped
12. His total worldly possessions ______ little more than the clothes he stood up in.
A. amounted to
B. settled for
C. turned up
D. came at
13. A UN official said aid programs will be ______ until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.
A. multiplied
B. spanned
C. arrested
D. suspended
14. Many social problems are caused by the uneven ______ of wealth.
A. equality
B. justice
C. distribution
D. volume
15. The shopkeepers are complaining that business has been reduced to a ______ of what it was before the outbreak of war.
A. fraction
B. section
C. portion
D. trifle
16. The number 30 on a road sign ______ that the speed limit is 30 miles an hour.
A. signifies
B. forecasts
C. illumines
D. characterizes
17. Our director had ______ on the matter for a long time before he made the decision.
A. hushed
B. thrashed
C. pondered
D. suspended
18. The weather wasn’t favorable and both teams had to ______ icy rain and a strong wind during the match.
A. pin down
B. contend with
C. get stuck in
D. take control of
19. The word is now widely used in newspapers and magazines, but its origin still remains _____.
A. exotic
B. widespread
C. obscure
D. adrift
20. George ______ an agonizing 48-hour wait for the results of the tests.
A. underwent
B. withstood
C. undertook
D. grilled
21. The consumer ______ in recent years has led to an explosion of shopping center development in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Canton.
A. summit
B. boom
C. pressure
D. volume
22. The car, at least as we know it, is on the way out, because its exhaust ______ a threat to the
environment.
A. originates
B. poses
C. offends
D. paralyzes
23. The offer of a free overseas tour ______ him into buying the villa in the hillside.
A. discouraged
B. committed
C. tempted
D. tangled
24. Obviously, no teacher has ______ patience. Even Larry, who is always kind and tolerant, lost his temper on that particular occasion.
A. infinite
B. definite
C. spectacular
D. plural
25. We must get the trapped victims out at once because the building is in ______ danger of an explosion.
A. opaque
B. vivid
C. mute
D. imminent
26. She tried to kick the pajamas loose, but they were ______ in the satin sheet.
A. gouged
B. tangled
C. scooped
D. submerged
27. That morning, on Mount Tai, I saw the most ______ sunrise in my life.
A. mysterious
B. opaque
C. spectacular
D. adolescent
28. At night, cars often ______ small animals that are blinded by the headlights.
A. run over
B. held up
C. took apart
D. drove at
29. After Mike left for work, I ______ the beds and vacuumed the carpets.
A. patted
B. clapped
C. stripped
D. shaved
30. Dr. Light, who is ______ to be one of the best surgeons in London, performed the operation and successfully removed the tumor in her lungs.
A. confessed
B. thrilled
C. perceived
D. Reputed
期中测试
26. As some of the rules concerning foreign trade ran contrary to the principles of the WTO, the
government decided to _____ them as soon as possible.
A. abolish
B. accomplish
C. distinguish
D. establish
27. Vicki never worried or hesitated about anything, she just _____ it and almost always got
whatever she wanted.
A. went by
B. went for
C. went over
D. went with
28. A computer file is a collection of _____ data, used to organize the storage and processing of
data by computer.
A. electrical
B. artificial
C. electronic
D. genuine
29. To protect the environment, scientists and engineers are researching ways to _____ electricity
more cheaply from such renewable energy sources as the wind and sun.
A. generate
B. manufacture
C. construct
D. transform
30. My trip to the small village under the control of the enemy fire was full of delays and
difficulties, but I eventually ______.
A. got by
B. turned it over
C. hit the sack
D. made it
31. When energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is always lost as heat.
_____ , no energy conversion is ever 100% efficient.
A. In other terms
B. In other words
C. In another way
D. In some way
32. I just wonder if _____ ever _____ that you could have your own enterprise and run it yourself
when you were still a student.
A. it … occurred
B. you … occurred to it
C. it … occurred to you
D. you … occurred
33. History, ______ and modern, has taught these people an intense distrust of their neighbors.
A. primitive
B. ancient
C. religious
D. urban
34. The ______ of older persons is relatively low in developing countries, but it is growing much
faster than in the West.
A. addition
B. majority
C. percentage
D. statistic
35. In the last few years, the Internet and the World Wide Web have become ______ words; almost
everyone has heard of them.
A. family
B. home
C. house
D. household
36. A healthy and better-educated new generation is a _______ for sustainable economic and
social development of all countries.
A. guarantee
B. security
C. demand
D. target
37. A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel near the town square yesterday, ______ at
least 12 people.
A. having been injured
B. having injured
C. injured
D. injuring
38. A man who is good enough to shed his blood for his country is good enough ______ a fair deal
afterwards.
A. being given
B. been given
C. given
D. to be given
39. Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players ______ special problems
because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components.
A. expose
B. commit
C. pose
D. transport
40. Because of the mad cow disease, the European Union ______ a worldwide ban on British beef
and beef product exports.
A. challenged
B. charged
C. forged
D. imposed
41. Parks and open space are essential to the quality of life in dense ______ areas such as New
York City.
A. agricultural
B. rural
C. suburban
D. urban
42. Makers of consumer electronics will pay for environmental sanitation services to collect and
______ used refrigerators, computers and televisions under the new rules.
A. discharge
B. distribute
C. dispose of
D. deal with
43. While freshmen are considered part of the academic elite, some of them appear to lack
common sense ______ following traffic regulations.
A. coming to
B. when coming to
C. when it comes to
D. when they come to
44. As the semester is drawing to an end, the student union is calling on all the students to ______
the temptation to cheat on exams.
A. refuse
B. reject
C. resist
D. resolve
45. The exhibition at the Shanghai Science and Technology Center ______ such endangered
animals as the Giant panda and the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them.
A. detects
B. exploits
C. features
D. demonstrates
46. Their refusal to compromise is a major ___ that stands in the way of further peace talks.
A. obstacle
B. complication
C. entity
D. hazard
47. However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlington agreement illegal by giving
workers the right to join unions of their choice.
A. convert
B. render
C. cancel
D. eliminate
48. I will hold you personally __ if anything goes wrong in this project.
A. destructive
B. lucrative
C. diverse
D. responsible
49. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ___ from the list for promotion.
A. eliminated
B. retreated
C. pried
D. wrenched
50. The intelligence department was accused of failure to ___ the troops to the possibility of an
enemy attack during the weekend.
A. instruct
B. warn
C. dictate
D. alert
51. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, out project is financially ___.
A. constructive
B. feasible
C. favorable
D. stiff
52. Under normal circumstances the body can ___ these naturally occurring substances into
vitamins.
A. convert
B. render
C. derive
D. originate
53. This course focuses on the ___ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation,
unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behavior.
A. conception
B. combination
C. application
D. introduction
54. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架), so that you don’t have to worry about
holding it steady while you ask questions.
A. withstand
B. mount
C. implement
D. dwell
55. The camps are not usually tent-type camps. They are mostly long-established, ___ structure,
often with strange Indian names.
A. permanent
B. historical
C. monotonous
D. raw
<大学英语语法>考查试题 一．选择正确答案填入相应的空格处：（70%） forest guards often find campfires thet have not been ______completely. down B. put out C. put away over 2..Of all the economically important plants, palms have been______. least studied the least less and less study the less is a continuous supply of fuel oil. things needed is needed is needed their need 4.The survey indicates that each Chinese family averaged_____of daily television usage in 1994than in 1993. many as 60 minutes B. 60 minutes more C. 60 minutes C. more 60 minutes 5.All evidence the court has collected boils_____to the fact that he is a spy. A. down B. off C. up D. overluggage, the group of tourists hurried to the airport.2009-2010学年第二学期（） A. After packed packed packing was always nervous_____ in city traffic. driving B. driving driving driving 8. I saw Alan skimming over the water and, finally, ____ into it.
大学英语四级练习题单项选择题-5 1.His proposal is __A_____ to all of us and you do not need to tell us mor e about it. A.apparent B.appearing C.approaching D.apart 2.This mountain range has many high __A_____ and fertile valleys. A.peaks B.hills C.phases D.pink 3.He gave us a good __C_____ of his experience. A.demonstration B.frequency C.descripton D.instruction 4.You have your choice of three __A_____ of ice cream. A.varieties B.tops C.respects D.decks 5.This sick man was __D_____ in a blanket. A. input B.issued C.ensured D.wrapped 6.This is the military ___B_____. Nobody is allowed to get in without per mission. A.bond B.zone C.butter D.zoo 7.Rock music usually ___B____ the young people in most countries. A.applies to B.appeals to C.amazes D.actress
Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words
1. The problem ________ when the students refused to do their homework. A. arose B. aroused C. rose D. raised 2. When he suddenly ________ up the subject of genetic engineering, there was an embarrassed silence. A. took B. brought C. showed D. came 3. ________ so many people in the United States been out of work as today. A. More than ever before B. In the past, there have never C. Never before have D. Formerly, there never were 4. It ________ as a shock to realize that I was not alone in the room. A. came B. appeared C. arrived D. reached 5. Since William had been seriously ill for several months, his parents were worried about ________ to return to school full-time. A. he wanted B. he wanting C. him to want D. his wanting 6. The association is ________ to raising funds to help the blind. A. conducted B. committed C. concentrated D. concerned 7. I won't ________ those children making a noise in my house! A. allow B. let C. have D. permit 8. The TV station, in ________ to massive popular demand, decided to continue the soap opera (肥皂剧). A. regard B. relation C. respect D. response
大学英语四级练习题单项选择题- 5 1.Hisproposalis__A_____toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit. A.apparent B.appearing C.approaching D.apart 2.This mountain range has many high __A_____ and fertile valleys. A.peaks B.hills C.phases D.pink 3.He gave us a good __C_____ of his experience. A.demonstration B.frequency C.descripton D.instruction 4.You have your choice of three __A_____ of ice cream. A.varieties B.tops C.respects D.decks 5.This sick man was __D_____ in a blanket. A. input B.issued C.ensured D.wrapped 6.This is the military ___B_____. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission. A.bond B.zone C.butter D.zoo 7.Rock music usually ___B____ the young people in most countries. A.applies to B.appeals to C.amazes D.actress 8.Would he have seen you if you hadn’t __B_____ to him
Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.
Unit 1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I'd been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly,
1.I'd like to take __________ of this opportunity to thank all of you for your efforts. A. profit B. benefit C. occasion D. advantage 2.In copying this paper, be careful not to leave __________ any words. A. out B. alone C. off D. behind 3.When doing the wash, it is important to _______ white and colored clothing. A. compare B. separate C. establish D. contrast 4.We finally __________ an agreement after a lot of hard argument. A. reached B. did C. arrived D. drove 5.It is desirable that the airplane ___________ as light as possible. A. is B. were C. be D. had been 6.We came finally __________ the conclusion that she had been telling lies all the time. A. of B. into C. to D. at 7.I am not used to speaking _________ public. A. in B. at C. on D. to 8.He didn't live up to __________ had been expected of him.
2010年大学英语四级翻译练习题 1. The finding of this study failed to _________________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 2. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _____________________________ (我们可以合作的领域). 3. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ___________________________ (决定退出比赛). 4. To make donations or for more information, please _____________________________ (按以下地址和我们联系). 5. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _______________________________ (如果你方便的话). 1. The finding of this study failed to take people’s sl eep quality into account/consideration (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内) (本题考查对take …into account/consideration的掌握。take …into account/consideration意为“把…考虑在内”，“人们的睡眠质量”用people’s sleep quality来表达。也可以用the quality of people’s sleep 来表示) 2. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field （where）we can cooperate/ the field in which we can cooperate (我们可以合作的领域) （本题考查对定语从句的掌握。“领域”是the field，“我们可以合作的”作the field的定语从句，引导词可以用where/ in which，where可以省略，） 3. Because of the leg injury, the athlete decided to quit the match (决定退出比赛) （本句话是在陈述一件已经发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，因此用decided，“退出比赛”用quit the match来表示） 4. To make donations or for more information, please contact us at the following address (按以下地址和我们联系) （该句的后半部分是由please祈使句，please后面应该跟原形动词。与某人联系一般用contact表达，介词at与其一起构成介宾短语，修饰contact） 5. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it is convenient for you/at your convenience (如果你方便的话) （本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句，“你方便的话”用it is convenient for you/at your convenience表示 1. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to __________________________ （适应不同文化中的的生活). 2. Since my childhood I have found that __________________________ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 3. The victim ___________________________ (本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time . 4. Some psychologists claim that people _____________________________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢
深度阅读练习题 练习6. 2012年12月第一套 Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think. That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替) data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations(解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was million! And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month. I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to land a job. It’s true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). An d it’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.
Unit 6 Risks Risks and You At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all manner of threats-to our lives, our peace of mind, our families, and our future. And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely. Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. But one sharp difference exists between the two. The hypochondriac can usually turn to a physician to get a definitive clarification of the situation-either you have the suspected disease or you don't. It is much more difficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple. Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty. You may ask, "Should I wear a seat belt?" If you' re going to have a head-on collision, of course. But what if you get hit from the side and end up trapped inside the vehicle, unable to escape because of a damaged seat belt mechanism? So does this mean that you should spend the extra money for an air bag? Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save your life. But what if the bag accidentally inflates while you are driving down the highway, thus causing an accident that would never have occurred otherwise? All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe. There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat-in other words, with every action. But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others. The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly. For example, larger cars are generally safer than small ones in collisions. But how much safer? The answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to die in a serious crash in a
Para1 An artist who seeks fame is like a dogchasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. 艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 "Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted. 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle－a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe. Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences. Unit2 He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars. His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master. He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along. "It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen. But that shock rousedhis imagination.Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along. Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist. He turned them into other kinds of objects. Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones). This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy. He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed. The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster. Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations. The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.