雅思写作题Unit 4

Unit 4 基础设施和政府职能

Topic 1 真题示范

Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish, why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?

审题：

1. 请判断下列哪一项是本题的核心词.(多选)

a. the impact of rubbish on our life

b. reasons for producing more and more rubbish

c. what can government do to reduce rubbish

d. how to solve the problem of rubbish

2. 请判断下列哪一项是本题的核心要求.(多选)

a. 垃圾对我们生活的影响

b. 垃圾越来越多的原因（reason）

c. 政府能做些什么来减少垃圾（reduce rubbish）的数量

d. 如何解决垃圾问题

扩展时事阅读

阅读下面的三段新闻，并完成每段新闻后的中译英练习。

News1 (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e69132142.html,/english listening/voaenglish)

More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use. Most live in Africa, India and China. They use biomass fuels like wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal. These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. But they are also a major cause of health problems and health.

超过30亿人面临着空气污染的威胁，这种污染主要来自于他们使用的供暖设备和烹饪燃料。这些人主要生活在非洲、印度和中国。他们实用生物燃料，如木材，作物废料，动物粪便和煤。这些固体燃料或许是可以利用的最便宜的燃料，但它们同时也是危害人类健康甚至引起死亡的主要原因之一。

Translation Work:

1, 研究表明，固体燃料是危害人类健康甚至引起死亡的主要原因之一。

News2 (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e69132142.html,)

Statistics shows that a total of 10 tons of rubbish are collected on Mt Qomolangma annually, with most being plastic, iron and steel products.

据统计，在珠穆朗玛峰每年可收集10吨的垃圾，它们大多是塑料和钢铁制品。

Translation Work:

2.资料显示，目前国内产生的垃圾大多数是塑料和钢铁制品。

News3 (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e69132142.html,/english listening/CRI)

It is reported that the capital city of Bejing, with its 17 million residents, generates more than 18,000 tons of waste every day. Now the city government is encouraging residents in 600 communities to sort out their domestic trash for collection and transportation.

据报道，首都北京的一千七百万居民每天要生产一万八千多吨的垃圾。目前北京政府正大力鼓励600个社区的居民将其生活垃圾进行分类，以便于垃圾的回收和运输。

Translation Work:

3.随着城市生活垃圾的不断增多，政府鼓励城市居民将它们进行分类。

素材积累：

1，把以下的词和词组分成两类，完成下面的表格。

economic development offer education to children construction waste energy saving refuse disposal macro protection environmental protection increasing population urbanization make laws and regulations use of deposable products

packaging from daily necessities lack of environmental awareness

2.选择你认为适用于本题写作的观点或素材。

a. 随着生活水平的提高，人们对日用品的需求日益增加（the increasing demand for）, 而这些日用品的包装（packages of daily necessities）就是垃圾的主要来源之一。另外还有建筑垃圾、工业垃圾等。

b.一方面，人们缺乏环境保护意识（lack of environmental protection awareness）,过度使用一次性用品（over-use disposable supplies）比如塑料袋等，另一方面，对产生的垃圾没有进行及时的分类和处理。

c. 虽然建筑垃圾成为一个比较严重的问题，但国内并不重视建筑垃圾的回收（attach importance on the recycling of construction waste, 实际上通过有效的管理（effective management）可以实现建筑垃圾的有效处理（effective disposal）。

d. 随着环境问题逐渐被重视，节能（energy saving）和环保（environmental protection ）已成为各国的发展主题（development theme,，垃圾处理已经开始为产业发展提供机会（provide opportunities for industry development）。

e. 如今中国生活垃圾一般可分为四大类：可回收垃圾（recyclable waste）、厨房垃圾（cooking waste）、有害垃圾（hazardous waste）和其他垃圾。

f. 进行垃圾分类收集（waste sorting and collection）可以减少垃圾处理量和处理设备，降低处理成本，减少土地资源的消耗（reduce the consumption of land resources），具有社会、经济、生态三方面的效益。

g. 在城市化进程中（in the process of urbanization），垃圾成为城市代谢的产物曾经是城市发展的负担，而如今，垃圾被认为是最具开发潜力的宝贵资源（the most potential resources for development）。

h. 再生资源（renewable resources）是资源循环的新起点，同时也是循环经济的重要组成部分（be an important part of cyclic economy）。

i. 作为政府来说，既要着眼于宏观保护（macro protection）, 又要从微观入手，发动群众（mobilize the masses）、教育群众、使环境保护成为公民的自觉行动（conscious action of citizens）。

核心句型

请把下面几个句子根据提示翻译成英文。

1. 垃圾的主要来源椒各种日用品(daily necessities)的包装，此外，垃圾的主要来源还包括建筑垃圾

（construction waste）

译文：

2. 进行垃圾分类(sorting)可以降低垃圾处理成本和土地资源的消耗（consumption）,进而为我们带来社会、

经济、生态三方面的效益（benefits）.

,译文：

3. 政府一方面要制定相关（relevant）政策保护环境，另一方面还要提高群众的环保意识，使环境保护成

为公民的自觉行为。

译文：

逻辑衔接

请选择适合所给出主题句的拓展句，并将它们排序

Topic sentence: On the one hand, the government should make relevant policies to protect the environment ; on the other, it should also raise the environmental awareness of the public and encourage them to take conscious action to protect the environment.

a. For example, laws and regulations should be made to ban disafforestation and restrict the use of

disposable products.

b. Solid waste could be divide into four main categories which are recyclable waste, cooking waste,

hazardous waste and others.

c. Energy saving and environmental protection become the developing theme of the world, which

promote the development of refuse disposal industry.

d. Moreover, some public activities should be hold to educate people the important of protecting the

environment.

e. Besides, the government needs to pay more attention to the domestic waste, because the

increasing amount of rubbish has done a great harm to the present environment.

范文改错

下面是一篇6分范文，请帮助改正其中的10处错误，达到6.5分。

I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week. Most of this rubbish come from the packaging from the things we buy, such as processed food. But even if we buy fresh food without packaging, we still produce rubbish from the plastic bags used everywhere to carry shopping home.

The reason that we have so much packaging is that we consume so much on a daily basis than families do in the past. Convenience is also very important in modern life, so we buy package or canned food that can be transported from long distances and store until we need it, first in the supermarket, and than at home.

However, I think the amount of waste produced is also result of our tendency to use something once and throw it away. We forget that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy. We also forget that it is a source of pollution and difficult to dispose.

I think, therefore, that government need to rise this awareness in the general public. Children can be educated about environmental issues at school, but adults need to make action. Government can encourage such action by putting taxes in packaging, such as plastic bags, by providing recycling services and by fining households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste.

With the political will, such measures could really reduce the amount of rubbish we produce. Certainly everybody wants to see our resources used up and our planet poisoned by waste.

Topic 2 真题示范

Some people think it is more important for government to spend public money on prompting healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

审题：

1. 请判断下列哪一项是本题的核心词.(多选)

a. should promote healthy lifestyle or improve healthcare

b. more important

c. agree or disagree

d. how to prevent illness

2. 请判断下列哪一项是本题的核心要求.(多选)

a. 政府是应该提倡健康的生活方式还是应该提高医疗保健

b. 倡导健康的生活方式（healthy lifestyle）比提高医疗保健（healthcare）更重要

c. 同意还是不同意

d. 如何预防（prevent）疾病

扩展时事阅读

阅读下面的三段新闻，并完成每段新闻后的中译英练习。

News1 (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e69132142.html,)

Sherley Chung, a 35-year-old visitor from Indonesia, agreed enjoying a simple lifestyle was the most Important approach to better health.

一位来自印度尼西亚的35岁游客钟雪莉认为，获得健康的重要方法是享受简单生活，

Translation Work:

News2 (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e69132142.html,)

The campus football league was initiated by the Beijing Olympic City Association and aims to improve students’ physical health at a time when obesity is becoming a serious problem in the capital.

校园足球联赛是由北京奥运城市发展委员会发起的，其宗旨在于改善学生的身体健康状况。Translation Work: ，

2.举办校园足球联赛是为了改善学生的身体状况

News3 (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e69132142.html,)

“In fact, investment in IT plays a critical role in China’s medical reform plan because it is nearly impossible to provide fair and affordable healthcare service in such a huge country without the support of information technology”said Yao Zhihong, an expert from the Chinese Health Information Society.

中国卫生信息学会的以为专家姚志红说，“事实上，投资信息技术产业对中国的医疗改革至关重要，因为如果没有信息技术的支持，在这么大的一个国家是不可能提供公平且实惠的医疗保健服务的”

Translation Work:

3.投资信息产业可以给我国人民带来公平且实惠的医疗保健服务。

素材积累：

1，把以下的词和词组分成两类，完成下面的表格。

eating too much more vegetable and fruits improve people’s physical quality medical insurance proper eating habits advanced medical equipment

ensure people’s healthy life expensive medicine/drug spend less money to see a doctor

keep nutrition balance regular living habits spend too much money in treatment

prevent illness do exercises build up more public sport facilities

2.选择你认为适用于本题写作的观点或素材。

a. 以前许多民众抱怨看病（be difficult to see a doctor）、看病贵，而如今医疗保健得到了很大的提高。

b.医疗可以治疗疾病，但倡导健康的生活方式（promote a healthy lifestyle）才能从根本上避免生病。

c.随着社会竞争的日益激烈，人们的压力越来越大，他们晚睡早起，精力不足（feel exhausted）,没有规律的生活习惯（regular living habits）,这给他们的健康买下了隐患（be danger to their health）。

d. 很多人没有意识到恰当的饮食习惯有利于（be beneficial to ）他们的身体健康，多吃蔬菜和水果少吃肉，可以保证营养的均衡（keep the balance of nutrition）

e. 医疗的提高是社会进步的表现，它提高了人们的身体素质（improve people’s physical quality）,让人们的生活更有保证。

f. 自从政府实行医疗制度的改革（carry out the revolution of medical system）后，人们可以花较少的钱

去看病，再也不用因看病贵而耽误病情。

g. 一味地提高医疗（enhance healthcare）,只会有越来越多的人被送进医院。

h.有些人因为社区没有运动设施，又无法承担去健身馆的费用（can’t afford the cost of doing exercises in the gym）,所以经常不运动而导致肥胖。

i. 政府应该投入更多的资金（invest more funds）在各社区建立公共体育设施。

核心句型

请把下面几个句子根据提示翻译成英文。

1．尽管医疗条件的提高可以很好的治愈疾病（cure diseases），但想要从根本（fundamental）上防止生病，就得倡导健康的生活方式。

译文：

2．许多人都没有意识到（have no awareness）恰当的饮食习惯有利于身体健康，所以我们要多吃蔬菜和水果少吃肉，这样可以保证营养均衡.

,译文：

3．政府应该投入更多的资金建立（build up ）公共体育设施（public sports facilities ）。

译文：