翻译技巧
2、十种翻译技巧
了解完四种翻译方法后,我们再来了解一下十种常用翻译技巧,即重复法(repetition),增词法(amplification),省略法(omission),词类转换法(conversion),词序调整法(inversion),拆译法(division),正说反译与反说正译法(negation),语态变换法(voice changes),引申法与句子成分转译法。
2、2、1重复法(repetition)
重复法(repetition)就是在翻译中,为了使译文忠实于原文并且产生意义明确,文字通顺、流畅,符合目得语习惯得文字,而将某一部分文字反复使用得翻译技巧。
例子:
1、 You must ask the mother at home, the children in the street, the ordinary man in the market and look at their mouth, how they speak, and translate that way; then they’ll understand and see that you’re speaking to t hem in German、 (重复谓语动词)
您一定要问一问家庭主妇们,问一问街头玩耍得孩子,问一问集市上做买卖得百姓,听听她们说些什么,她们如何说,您就如何译;这样她们就会理解,就会明白:您就是在用德语与她们讲话。
2、 We have to analyze and solve problems、 (重复宾语)
我们必须分析问题,解决问题。
3、 Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration、 (重复省略得部分) 无知就是畏惧之源,羡慕之根。
4、 But we still have defects, and very big ones、 (指代内容得重复)
但我们仍有不足,而且就是很大得不足。
5、 The dog is chasing the cat which is chasing a rat which is having a piece of cheese in its mouth、(指代内容得重复)
那条狗在追着那只猫,而猫又在追着一只老鼠,老鼠得嘴里衔着一块奶酪。
6、判断我们各方面工作得就是非得失,归根到底,要以就是否有利于发展社会主义得生产力,就是否有利于增强我国得综合国力,就是否有利于提高人民得生活水平为标准。
In the final analysis, the criterion for judging the success or failure of our work in various fields is whether it helps to develop the productive forces of socialist society, to strengthen the overall capacity of the country and to improve the people’s living standards、
7、And I did not translate them as an interpreter, but as an orator, keeping the same ideas and forms, or as one might say, the ‘figures’ of thoughts, but in language which conforms to our usage、(重复主语)
我翻译这些演说词,不就是作为译者而就是作为演说家。我保留了原作同样得意思与形式(或者像有人所说得思想得‘形象’),而使用得语言与我们得语言习惯一致。8、"Woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word a perilous object、” (重复谓语)
女人就是罪恶之门、邪恶之径、毒蛇之牙,总之,女人就是件危险得东西。
9、And it is imagined by many that the operations of the mon mind can be by no means pared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training、
许多人认为,普通人得思维活动根本无法与科学家得思维过程相比,认为这些思维过程必须
经过某种专门训练才能掌握。(重复谓语动词)
10、I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble、
我曾碰到过,不就是氧气设备了故障,就就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)
11、The three most important effects of an electric current are heating, magnetic and chemical effects、
电流得三种最重要得效应就是热效应、磁效应与化学效应。
12、Alternating stress not only varies in magnitude but also in direction、
角变应力不仅大小不同,而且方向不同。
13、This is “good” ozone because it protects us from the sun’s UV rays、
这就是良性臭氧,因为这部分臭氧保护我们免遭太阳紫外线得伤害。
14、This is “good” ozone because it protects us from the sun’s UV rays、 (UV: ultraviolet)
这就是良性臭氧,因为这部分臭氧保护我们免遭太阳紫外线得伤害。
2、2增词法(amplification)
在翻译中为了使译文通顺易懂,或就是为了行文生动,更符合目得与得语言习惯而采取得增加部分解释性词语、连接词、类属词、概括性词语与代词得做法叫增词法(amplification)。
1、 The boxes, being museum quality, would have increased in worth over the years, and made people remember me “with growing appreci ation、”
参考译文:九只盒子,都足以当作文物收藏在博物馆里,随着岁月流逝,它们得价值还会越来越高,人们也会因而记住我,“越来越欣赏”我。
2、 The subsequent generations of this family grew impoverished by a bination of drought, extortion, and too many gifts to opera girls, all of which led to their losing face and their property、
参考译文:在接下来得几代中,因为遭遇旱灾,被人勒索,再加上给优伶得封赏太多,这个家族便最终资财耗尽,风光不再了。
3、The men squatted in their darkcolored logyis, the everpresent cheroots clenched between their teeth、
参考译文:男人们穿着深色得袍裙,蹲坐在那里,嘴里总就是叼着烟。
4、His consideration of the Bible with the language of ordinary people and his consideration of translation in terms of focusing on the TL and the TT reader were crucial in his translation、
她注重使用民众得语言来翻译圣经,注重为目得语与目得语文本得读者考虑,这两点在她得翻译中很关键。
5、Formal education for girls historically has been secondary to that for boys、历史上,先有男孩子接受正规教育,之后才有女孩子接受正规教育。
6、When she began her career as a nightclub singer, she took the professional name Maya Angelou, bining her childhood nickname with a form of her husband's name、她得职业生涯就是从夜总会得女歌手开始得,那时她给自己起了个艺名——玛雅安琪露,这个名字融合了她孩提时代得绰号以及丈夫得名字。
7、This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best、尽管有种种不周全之处,这个计划仍被认为就是最佳计划之一。
8、Flowers bloom all over the yard、
朵朵鲜花满院盛开。
10、 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man、
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人严谨。
11、不要重复叶公好龙那个故事,讲了多少年得社会主义,临到社会主义跑来找她,她又害怕起来了。(《毛泽东选集》,第五卷)
The story of Lord Ye who professed to love dragons should not be repeated、 One must not just talk about socialism for years and then suddenly turn pale when socialism es knocking at the door、
12、只就是晚上躺在床上得时候,她才感到神志清醒。
It is only during the night when she lies in bed that she feels she has a clear mind、14、Day after day he came to his work——sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning、
她每天来干活——扫地,擦桌椅,清理房间。
15、一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三人帮。
A bamboo fence needs the support of three stakes, and an able man needs the help of three other persons、
Stakes make a bamboo fence stand, and supporters help an able man succeed、2、3省略法(omission)
省略法(omission)就是为了行文得简洁与更符合目得与习惯,将一些重复得词语或一些已被涵盖得意义省去得翻译方法,而原文得意义并未因此受到任何损失。
1、 When she could no longer decide, she became depressed、 Whenever Dwight picked up the baby to take him to his place or to the doctor’s for a checkup, she felt relief、
她无法抉择,心情压抑,而前夫马赛一把孩子接走或就是送到诊所接受检查,她就会有一种轻松感。
2、 Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a hunchandcrouch pose in imitation of the natives、
鲁珀特年龄小,双膝柔韧,学着当地人得样子,弓背缩身地跪坐着。
3、 Stainless steel possess good hardness and high strength、
译文:不锈钢硬度大,强度高。
4、Penicillin works by not allowing a bacterium to build its cell w all、
青霉素得作用就是不让细菌制造细胞壁。
5、 This is the solid rocky bottom under the ooze and mud of the ocean floor、海底软泥与泥层下面就是坚硬得岩石层。
6、 There is a 30% increase of our installed capacity with this year、
今年,我们得装机容量增加了30%。
7、在工作中,我们必须避免犯不必要得得错误。
We must avoid making mistakes in our work、
9、质子带阳电,电子带阴电,而中子既不带阳电也不带阴电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither、
10、 He put his hand into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders、
她双手插进口袋,耸了耸肩。
10、Smoking is not allowed in the storehouse、
仓库重地,严禁吸烟。
2、4词类转换法(conversion)
词类转换法(conversion)就是基于两种语言习惯得不同,在翻译中保留词语意义而改变此类得做法。
1、 Maya Angelou returned to America in 1964, with the intention of helping Malcolm build his new Organization of African American Unity、
玛雅安琪露于1964年返回美国,打算帮助马尔科尔木新建立一个非裔美籍人联合会。
2、 Shortly after her arrival in the United States, Malcolm was assassinated, and his plans for a new organization died with him、
马尔科尔木来美不久即遭暗杀,她筹建新组织得计划也随即夭亡。
3、 His (Dr、 Martin Luther King, Jr、) assassination, falling on her birthday in 1968, left her devastated(蹂躏,破坏;使荒废)、
1968年她生日那天,小马丁路德金被人暗杀,她痛不欲生。
4、 There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling、
译文:学生家长普遍认为学校不再对教单词拼写感兴趣。
5、 He was popular among young people、
译文:她在年轻人中很受欢迎。
6、 We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of the illness were quite aware of its potential oute、
译文:给我们留下极深印象得就是:即便那些没有被告知其病情得病人对其疾病得潜在后果也非常清楚。
7、学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically、
(名词转副词)
8、由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国得综合国力有了明显得增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our prehensive national strength has greatly improved、 (动词转名词)
9、 The imitation of living systems, be it direct or indirect, is very useful for devising machines, hence the rapid development of bionics、
对生物系统得模仿,不管就是直接得还就是间接得,对机械设计都很有用,因此仿生学得以快速发展。
10、 Abraham Lincoln wanted to build a government of the people, by the people, and for the people、
林肯想建立一个民有民治民享得政府。
11、 A valuable instrument may be damaged beyond repair in a few seconds of carelessness、
由于疏忽大意,贵重得仪表可在几秒钟之内被损坏到无法修复得程度。
疏忽几秒钟,贵重得仪表就可能会彻底损坏,无法修复。
11、Some of my classmates are good singers、
我得同班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。
12、Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps、党得干部吃简陋得饮食,住寒冷得窑洞,靠微弱得灯光,长时间得工作。
党得干部长时间地工作,而她们吃得就是粗陋得饭菜,住得就是寒冷得窑洞,点得就是昏暗得油灯。
13、Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—— but soft、
史蒂文森有口才,有风度,但很软弱。
14、The Wilde family were religious、
王尔德全家都就是虔诚得教徒。
15、He is no smoker, but his father is a chainsmoker、
她不抽烟,可她爸爸却就是个老烟枪。
2、5顺序调整法(inversion)
为避免字对字,行对行翻译所产生得弊端,翻译中要根据目得与习惯进行词序与句内结构得调整,但顺序调整后得译文不能偏离原文得句子重心。
1、 During the early history of the United States, a man virtually owned his wife and children as he did his material possessions、
在美国早期历史上,男人就像拥有个人物质财产一样完全拥有自己得妻子与孩子。
2、 The medical profession is an example of changed attitudes in the 19th and 20th centuries about what was regarded as suitable work for women、
关于什么就是适合于女人得工作,19与 20世纪得人们态度发生了转变,其中一例就就是对于医疗职业态度得转变。
3、It also plays an important role in making the earth more habitable, as warm ocean currents bring milder temperatures to places that would otherwise be quite cold、
由于温暖得洋流能把温暖得气候带给那些本来十分寒冷得地区并使之变暖, 因此, 海洋在使我们这个地球更适合人类居住方面也扮演一个重要得角色(原因状语从句 )
4、 Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you catch!
当您跟可爱得孩子们站在池子里,又有个年轻得狄安娜在池边好奇得接受您捉上来得任何东西得时候,如果您懂得什么叫美得话,时间就是过得很快得！
要就是您与一群可爱得孩子在池塘中捉鱼摸虾,有位天仙般得姑娘站在池边,快活地捡起您们得“战利品”,您若知美,定会觉得时间如白驹过隙,一晃即逝。(逆序法)
5、 while the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for a young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a threecornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour、
(当时)这个世纪刚过了十几年。在六月得一天早上,天气晴朗,启斯维克林荫道上平克顿女子学校得大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞得私人马车。拉车得两匹马套着锃亮得马具,一个肥胖得车夫戴了假发与三角帽子,赶车得速度就是一小时四英里。(分译法)
6、 Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe、
麦琪得姐姐不走麦琪就不会不紧张:她会无助得蜷缩在角落里,她相貌平平,双臂双腿上尽就是烧伤得疤痕,让她羞于见人。她打量着姐姐,眼神很复杂,既羡慕她又畏惧她。(顺译法)
7、 The din of the stallholders crying their wares, of donkeyboys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and wouldbe purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy、
摆摊得高声吆喝,兜售自己得商品,赶驴得小伙与脚夫扯开嗓门,叫前面得人开道儿
让路,买主与店家争来争去、讨价还价,人声喧噪,持续不断,让人头昏脑晕。
8、 Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the sourcelanguage message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style、
翻译就就是在译入语中用最贴近得自然对等语再现源语信息,首先要考虑得就是意思,其次才就是形式。(顺译法)
9、 Baker is typical of many translation scholars who make detailed use of the terminology of functional grammar and discourse analysis in that she devotes by far the most attention to the textual function、
在详细运用功能语法与语篇分析术语得众多翻译学家中,贝克很有代表性,因为到目前为止她就是最关注语篇功能得学者。
10、Linguistic differences are of course indicative of cultural differences, and Venuti is one critic who sees linguisticsoriented approaches as projecting ‘a conservative model of translation that would unduly restrict (transl ation’s) role in cultural innovation and change’、
语言得差异当然表明着文化得差异,韦努提批评语言学导向得研究方法使用得保守翻译模式,它限制了翻译促进文化创新与发展得作用。
11、 Many manmade substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our everincreasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance, which is the mon name for manmade materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied、合成材料通常称为人造材料。许多人造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料,这或许就是因为天然制品得数量不能满足人们日益增长得需求,但更多得则就是因为人们瞧中了合成材料得某种物理性能,并充分发挥这些性能,以便使合成材料在其应用领域中最大限度地发挥作用。(综合法)
12、 From radioactive water and soil around a nuclearweapons plant in Colorado to manmade deserts in Soviet Central Asia, the world is peppered with examples of what poor education or unneighborly attitudes can do to the planet that must feed and clothe us all、
如果人们受教育不够或不能善待环境,她们会对人类赖以生存得这个星球做出些什么事来呢？全世界到处都有这样得例子:从科罗拉多州核武器工厂周围幅射活跃得水土到原苏联中亚地区得人为沙漠。(逆译法)
2、6拆译法(division)与合译法(bination)
这种方法就是指为符合汉语流水句得习惯而将英语中过长得句子结构进行拆解或合并得翻译方法。
1、 This intuition that looks matter little may be another instance of our denying real influences upon us, for there is now a full of research studies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction、
这种认为外貌并不重要得直觉行为,也许就是我们否认对我们真正有影响得事物得又一个例子,因为有大量得调查研究得结果表明,外表就是最初就是否引人注意得重要决定因素。
2、 The president, in giving to his most powerful and most distinguished rival the greatest place which a president has in his power to bestow, gave an excellent proof of the nobleness of his own spirit、
译文:那位总统把自己得权力所能授予得职位,给予了她得最有势力、而又最为卓越得敌手。这便就是她得崇高精神得最好证据。
3、This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in highenergy American fashion that makes it possible to bine few farmers with high yields、
这种困境将就是确定无疑得, 因为能源得匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方法继续下去了, 而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
4、、He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old、
她不记得她父亲了, 父亲死时她才三岁。
5、 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development、
行为主义者认为,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物得环境中成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应得能力,那么这个儿童将会有更高得智力发展。
6、 He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each、
她居然种出了二百个奇迹般得西红柿,每个重达两磅。
7、 Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows、
阳光射入了它所能透过得地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影。
阳光所到之处,黑暗尽消,幽影全无。
8、中国就是个大国,百分之八十得人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积得十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇与其她用地。
China is a large country with fourfifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses、(合译)
9、 My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importance、父亲认为我太年轻,难当重任。她得判断不错。
10、She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen、
她坐在那儿双手托着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房得一角。
11、The military is forbidden to “kill” the vessel, a relative easy task、(政府)禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁该艇并不怎么费事。
12、He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally、
她来到华盛顿,就国际形势来说,时机正合适。
13、He was very clean、 His mind was open、
她为人单纯而坦率。
14、芸作新妇,初甚缄默,终日无怒容,与之言,微笑而已。
As a bride, Yun was very quiet at first、 She was never sullen or displeased, and when people spoke to her, she merely smiled、
15、如今没奈何,把您雇在间壁人家放牛,每月可以得她几两银子,您又有现成饭吃,只在明日就要去了。(吴敬梓《儒林外史》)
There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbour’s buffalo、
You’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too、 You are to start tomorrow、
2、7正说反译与反说正译法(negation)
这种方法就是指为照顾目得语习惯,原语中肯定得或否定得表达可以转换成目得语中否定得或肯定得表达。
1、One by one, these friends, acquaintances, and strangers from the different times of my shortened life stood by the casket to say farewell,adieu,zaijen、
参考译文:在我提前结束得生命里,我在不同时期所结交得朋友,认识得熟人,还有一些陌生人,都一一走到我得棺材前,操着不同得语言跟我说“再见”。
2、 And before Marlena could lash into him for such a callous remark , he aimed his finger toward the other side of the lobby、
参考译文:不等朱马琳指责她对别人漠不关心,她便朝大厅得另一头指了指。
3、 The major reason given was that the girls' own expectations declined because neither their families nor their teachers expected them to prepare for a future other than that of marriage and motherhood、
主要原因就是姑娘们对自己得期望降低了,因为无论家人还就是老师都只就是期望她们将来能找个好婆家,做个好妈妈。
4、 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind、
［译文］:科学研究得方法只就是人类思维活动得必要表达方式。
5、 It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price、
(开这么高得价,简直就是敲竹杠。)
6、 You cannot attach too much importance to the matter、
(您应该非常重视这件事情。)
7、 He is no less clever than his brother、
(她与她兄弟一样聪明。)
9、 The man over there is none other than our principal、
(站在那儿得人正就是我们得校长。)
10、Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you see on a ring—they just look like small, bluegrey stones、
钻石在被切割与磨光以前,人像钻戒上得钻石那样闪闪发光——它们瞧瞧起来更像一块块深灰色得小石头。
11、无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷得学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student、 (正译)
She is anything but a bright student、 (反译)
12、Yet the process of achieving gender equality is still an on going one、
然而争取男女平等得过程仍就是一项未竟之业。
然而争对取男女平等得追求一直未停。
13、I’m blest if I know、
我一点也不知道。
14、He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious、
她这个人优柔寡断,而且总就是反复无常。
15、Miss Fairlie kept to her room all day、
范俐小姐整日足不出户。
2、8语态变换法(changes of voice)
英语被动句多与汉语,因而翻译就是要进行相应得语态调整。
1、In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance、
在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛得社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)
2、The robot sifter has been put into use、
自动筛机已投入使用。
3、The shell parts of reactor pressure vessels have been often fabricated with formed plates welded together、
反应堆压力容器得壳体常常由成型钢板焊接而成。
4、All the sounds are fed into a puter and analyzed、
把所有得声音输入电脑进行分析。
5、 It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt、
如果人们不强烈地感受到损失,那倒就是奇怪了。
6、 They were given a hearty wele、
她们受到热烈欢迎。
7、 I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card、我为这些话深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上。
8、 Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 60 years、
去年该地区遭遇了六十年一遇得旱灾。
9、 The ship was destined for London、
这艘船开往伦敦。
10、 Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky、
阳光穿过空气中得小水珠就形成了彩虹。
2、9 引申法( Extension of Meaning)
1、 It is not easy to bee a member of that club——they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick and Harry、
误译:要加入个俱乐部并不容易——她们要得就是有钱花得人,不只就是汤姆、迪克与哈利等。
正确译文:要加入那个俱乐部并不容易——她们要得就是有钱花得富人,不就是随便哪个平民百姓。
2、Dogs don’t speak in the future tense、 They live in the moment、
狗不顾将来,只管眼前。
3、I visited various parts of my own country; and had I merely a lover of fine scenery, I should have felt little desire to seek elsewhere its gratification, for on no country have the charms of nature been more prodigally lavished、 Her mighty lakes like oceans of liquid silver; her mountains with their bright aerial tints; her valleys, teeming with wild fertility; her tremendous cataracts, thundering in their solitudes; her boundless plains, waving with spontaneous verdure; her broad deep rivers, rolling in solemn silence to the ocean; her trackless forests, where vegetation puts forth all its magnificence; her skies, kindling with the magic of summer clouds and glorious sunshine, —— no, never need an American look beyond
his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery、
我游遍祖国山河,如果单就是为欣赏美景,那我就犯不着去别处寻找这种欲望得满足感;因为在没有别得国家象美国这样有如此迷人得自然景色了:广阔得湖泊,如银波闪耀得大海;崇山峻岭,铺上空灵爽朗得色彩;深邃得峡谷,繁茂得草木;鸟兽众多,激荡得瀑布在寂静得荒原中轰鸣而下;无边得平原,连绵起伏,蓊蓊郁郁;深而宽阔得河流,浩浩荡荡,无声无息地奔流入海;人迹罕至得森林,处处显露着豪爽得景观;夏日得天空,云朵变幻莫测,阳光灿烂——不,一个美国人永远不必去国外寻找宏伟壮丽得美景！
3、Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life、
青春不只就是人生得一个阶段;它就是一种心境。它不就是指红润得脸颊,红色得嘴唇与柔软弯曲得膝盖;而就是指意志力、丰富得想象力、充沛得情感。它就是生命深泉之清新。
青春不就是年华,而就是心态;青春不就是粉面、红唇、柔膝,而就是坚强得意志,恢弘得想象,炙热得恋情;青春就是生命深泉得自在涌流。
5、 Every life has its roses and thorns、
每个人得生活都有甜有苦。
6、 New York is not Mecca to me、
纽约不就是我心中得圣城。
纽约不就是我向往得地方。
2、10 句子成分转译( Conversion of Ingredients)
英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,在具体英译汉时,有时往往需要转换一下句子成分,才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目得。句子成分转译作为翻译得一种技巧,其内容与形式都比较丰富,运用范围也相当广泛,共包括五个方面得内容。
1、主语转译技巧,可以将句子得主语转译成汉语中得定语、宾语、状语等。
The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air、
机翼得用途就是使飞机在空中保持不坠。(转译成定语)
To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed、
为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大得第一次推力。(转译成宾语)
Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly、因为有了机械得缘故,工厂里出得产品比起以前来,价格便宜多了。(转译成状语)
2、谓语转译技巧。可以将谓语转译成定语。
Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight 、雷达得工作原理与手电筒极为相同。
3、宾语转译技巧。可以将宾语转译成主语。
Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but appear in a variety of forms、
各种自动车床得作用基本相同,但形式不同
4、定语转译技巧。定语可以转译成谓语与状语。
Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton、
中子得质量略大于质子得质量。(转译成谓语)
Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books ,equipment and assistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific research、
现在已给该县科学家提供了必要得图书、仪器与助手,以保证科研工作得成功。(转译成状语)
Hardened steel contains high carbon content which reacts with the diamond and thus causes serious wear of the diamond tool、
因为淬硬钢材含有高碳成分,从而与金刚石产生化学反应,这样便导致金刚石刀具得严重磨损。
5、状语转译技巧。状语转译一般指得就是状语从句得转译。它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句,把地点状语从转译成条件状语从句与把原因状语从句转译成困果偏正复句中得主语等三种形式。
These three colors, red, green, and violet, when bined, produced white、
红色、绿色与紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。(时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)
Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen、
如果光束通道上没有东西,就什么也瞧不到。(地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句) Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion、她深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持已见。(原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中得主句) Practice:
1、“Man is the only real enemy we have、 Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever、 Man is the only creature that consumes without producing、 He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits、 Yet he is lord of all the animals、 He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself、”
2、 I think there are four great motives for writing, at any rate for writing prose、 They exist in different degrees in every writer, and in any one writer the proportions will vary from time to time, according to the atmosphere in which he is living、 They are:
1、 Sheer egotism、 Desire to seem clever, to be talked about, to be remembered after death, to get your own back on grownups who snubbed you in children, etc、 etc、
2、 Aesthetic enthusiasm、 Perception of beauty in the external world, or, on the other hand, in words and their right arrangement、 Pleasure in the impact of one sound on another, in the firmness of good prose or the rhythm of a good story、 Desire to share an experience which one feels is valuable and ought not to be missed、
3、 Historical impulse、 Desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts and store them up for the use of posterity、
4、 Political purpose using the word 'political' in the widest possible sense、Desire to push the world in a certain direction, to alter other people's idea of the kind of society that they should strive after、
It can be seen how these various impulses must war against one another, and how they must fluctuate from person to person and from time to time、 By nature taking your nature to be the state you have attained when you are first adult I am a person in whom the first three motives would outweigh the fourth、 In a peaceful age I might have written ornate or merely descriptive books, and might have remained almost
unaware of my political loyalties、 As it is I have been forced into being a sort of pamphleteer、
Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic Socialism, as I understand it、 It seems to me nonsense, in a period like our own, to think that one can avoid writing of such subjects、 It is simply a question of which side one takes and what approach one follows、
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
英文歌词翻译技巧
英文歌词翻译技巧The Rose Some say love, it is a river that drowns the tender reed. Some say love, it is a razor that leaves your soul to bleed. Some say love, it is a hunger, an endless aching need. I say love, it is a flower, and you its only seed. It's the heart afraid of breaking that never learns to dance. It's the dream afraid of waking that never takes the chance. It's the one who won't be taken, who cannot seem to give, And the soul afraid of dying that never learns to live. When the night has been too lonely And the road has been to long
And you think that love is only For the lucky and the strong Just remember in the winter Far beneath the bitter snows Lies the seed that with the sun's love In the spring becomes the rose. 学生的优秀译文（从几百份译文中，挑选出。）有人说，爱，它是一条小河，浸没柔嫩的芦苇有人说，爱，它是一把利刃，丢下滴血的灵魂有人说，爱，它是一种饥渴，带来无尽的痛楚我说，爱，它是一朵鲜花，而你，就是它的种子是心，害怕破碎，永不起舞 是梦，害怕苏醒，不敢尝试 是它，不曾离去，不曾给予 而畏死的灵魂，终学不会生存 当夜已经变得寂静，而路又显得漫长 当你认为爱只属于幸运儿和强者 请不要忘记 在寒冷的冬季 深匿在苦涩的雪底里 那颗携着阳光爱意的种子
翻译中的 七大“必杀技”高级翻译技巧
翻译中的七大“必杀技” 翻译中的七大“必杀技” 翻译是一种技巧性很强的服务，自然有许多高手有许多“高招”，让我们来看看翻译中的“七大必杀技”吧！ (一) 同义反译法 例子： 1. Only three customers remained in the bar. 酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译：「还留着」或「还呆在那里」) 2. I'll be here for good this time. 这一次我再也不走了。(不译：「永远在此呆下去」) 3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. 我不在家的时候，请别让炉子灭了。(不译：「我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着」) 4. "Wait, he is serious." 「等等，他不是说着玩儿的。」(不译：「等等，他是认真的。」) 5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!" 「听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。」(不译：「......对这孩子要坚定」) (二) 删减解释词 例子： The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。 (三) 短句拆译 例子： " ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 「在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，...... (四) 译词推陈出新 例子： When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocati, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower. 原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。 改译：等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候，他却迟疑不定，顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种种常有的提心吊胆的心理，那就更是难免的了。 原词原译改译
英语翻译重点词汇词组
英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场
foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物
常用翻译技巧
第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力，一般而言，大致有下述8种基本技巧：1) 选词用字（Diction）2) 增词法（Amplification） 3) 省略法（Omission） 4) 转换法（Conversion）5) 重复法（Repetition） 6)语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译，反说正译（Negation） 8) 长句拆译 (Division) &分清主从（Subordination）。 3．1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字)，就是说，在理解原文时，由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异，对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲，找出它们的内涵意义（connotation），再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺，符合译文习惯。 例1． Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1：爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。×
译2：办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精，愿买贵的。√ 例2． They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1：他们需要质量，但却要预算价格。× 译2：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√ 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides.（政治谈判） (1)“little grace”和“less give”：“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”？言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义：既然是政治谈判，所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗？ (3) “less”一词更须注意，它是前面“little”的比较级，说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下： 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay,
常用的翻译技巧
常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。Le t’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。 1. 这种人闹什么东西呢闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。What are they after They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。A large family has its difficulties. 3. 天苍苍, 野茫茫, 风吹草低见牛羊。The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam. 4. 寻寻觅觅, 冷冷清请, 凄凄惨惨戚戚; 乍暖还寒时侯, 最难将息。(译文1）Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart! （译文2）I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译） 2. 增译法 增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. 5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps. (One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.)
2018英语翻译知识点复习考点归纳总结
1.Sandy is wearing a long, black, silk dress.桑迪穿了条黑色的长丝裙。 43. I came to London when I was 18. 我18岁的时候来到伦敦。 44. It takes 45 minutes to get to the city centre from the hotel. 宾馆到市中心需要花45分钟时间。 One of the biggest sporting events in the world is the Olympic Games. 奥运会是世界上规模最大的体育比赛之一 41. While she was waiting, her phone rang.她正在等待的时候，电话铃响了 42. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. We have enough money to improve the website.我们有足够的钱改进网站。 44. 1 had the windows cleaned yesterday.昨天我请人把窗户给擦了。 45. He came across an old violin at his friend's house.他在朋友家偶然发现了一把旧提琴。 41．She borrowed the book and gave it back on Monday． 她借了那本书，后来星期一把书还了。 45．He used tO play basketball every Sunday．他以前每个周日都打篮球。 41．Football is played by more than 20 million people in more than l40 countries· 超过140个国家的2000多万人都踢足球。 42．I’ve got the same sense of humour as my mum·我和我妈妈一样，有幽默感 43．He got on well with his classmates． 他和同学关系处得很好 44．He used tO work very hard when he was youn9． 他年轻的时候工作非常努力。 45．My family is putting me up at the moment，but I am thinking of buying my own flat．我现在跟家人住在一起，但是我正考虑买一套公寓自己住 41．He got on well with his sister． 他和他的姐／妹相处得很好 44．That box is too heavy for her to carry home．那个盒子太重了，她抬回家。 41. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long.虽然这部电影 非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 43. I need to be at the airport by 6.00 o’clock.我得在六点前到达机场。 44. I must have left the camera in a shop.我一定是把相机丢在那家商 店里了。 31. We have enough money to improve the website. 我们有足够的钱改进网站。 45. The accounts, which are in a bit of a mess, have to be ready for next month. 帐目现在有点乱，必须要在下个月清理好。 32. Do you take after your mother or father?你像你的母亲或父亲吗？ 35. I’ve been learning English for three years. 我已经学英语3年了33. I have to move out of my room on Friday because Franco has got another tenant. 我周五得从房子里搬出来，因为佛朗哥又招了一位房客。 35.would be great to see you to catch up on all our news. 到时见了面咱们把这些日子发生的事聊一聊，会多开心啊。 :33. They enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上玩的很愉快 34.She doesn’t like swimming and neither does her sist er. 她不喜欢游泳，她妹妹也不喜欢 32. He used to play basketball every Sunday( 每个星期天他常常去打篮球 31. He studies in a university west of Beijing. 他在北京西部的一个大学学习 :32. He came across an old painting at his friend’s house. 他在他朋友家看到了一幅旧画 33. She would buy a large house if she won the lottery. 如果她中了彩票，她就买一幢大房子 :35. Both of the boys are good at singing. 这两个男孩都擅长唱歌 34. The flat was in a bit of mess. 公寓里一片狼籍 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 44. Your neighbour says your flat was burgled this afternoon. .休的邻居说你的房子今天下午被盗了。 45. I haven't got a car, and nowhere to live. My family is putting me up at the mom 我没有车，也没有地方住。现在跟家人住一起。 44. Although it is very enjoyable, the film is too long. 虽然这部电影非常令人愉快，但是太长了。 1.I can’t find the key.I must have left it in the car. 我找不到钥匙了，我肯定将它丢在车上了。 2.Polly is worried about her lack of experience. 波利担心自己缺乏经验。 3.she needs to return the book by next Friday 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 43. We've become good friends since last summer. 从去年夏天起我们就成了好朋友了。 42. Polly(波莉) is worried about her lack of experience. 波莉担心自己缺乏经验。 43. She needs to return the hook by next Friday. 她得在下周五之前把书还回去。 41. He got on well with his sister.
常用翻译技巧.
1)Diction（选词用字） 2)Amplification（增词法） 3)Omission（省略法） 4)Conversion（转换法） 5)Repetition（重复法） 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation（正说反译，反说正译） 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination（分清主从） 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译：办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精，愿买贵的。 √ 例2．They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈
不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译：无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州，下榻此处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4．New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文：新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统，可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和（威力）强大的加速力。 例6．一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
专业英语翻译中的常见问题(详细翻译技巧)
英译汉几个常见问题如下： 1）英译汉时语言组织不符合中文的讲话习惯。在不改变原文绝大部分意思的情况下，不需要字对字或者严格遵守英语语序，在获得原句含意后务必采用中文的思维将译文写出。要求是在读着看过译文后，不能让读着感觉到文章是翻译而得的，即不能留有丝毫翻译的痕迹。 2）英译汉时译文上下文的用词不一致。尤其是学术文献或论文的翻译，除了学术用语和专业用语需要准确，更重要的是全文上下文中同一个词或者短句翻译出的用词或短语必须一致。例如一开始将control panel翻译为“控制面板”，那么全文都不得改变这个译法。 3）英译汉时用词过于口语化。除了剧本，台词，字幕等需要口语化用词的翻译稿件以外。其余大部分翻译，例如文献，论文，合同，申请书，标书等，用词尽量书面化。例如“weight”在统计学和分析学中不可翻译为“给予数值”，必须翻译为“赋权”，两者意思相近，但是采用后者。 4）英译汉时词汇含意理解产生偏差。这是死记单词造成的后果。翻译中，在无上下文的情况下，除非是专有学术名词（例“diabetes”基本上永远都是糖尿病的意思），其余的单词很难说究竟是什么意思，我们只能说某个词大概是对照中文某个词的感觉，但是决不可死认一个意思，死认单词意思造成翻译不通、翻译错误等。当然也不能糊译，不能为了使句子翻译通顺而胡编一个意思。 5）英译汉时英语长句中的意群划分有误。原版的英语资料中长句较多，往往40-50个词之间没有一个标点，修饰成分和意群划分的错误会导致理解错误和翻译错误。原则上，英语中的各类从句，特别是状语从句在句子中的位置相对灵活，没搞明白其修饰对象就会错译。 汉译英几个常见问题如下： 1）汉译英时字对字翻译。这是翻译中最致命的错误，很多人以为认识对应的英语单词或者知道对应的英语单词，这句话才会翻译。其实不是，原则上四千词汇量就能解释大部分英语单词的含义，只不过大部分人不知道如何用简单词汇造句去描述或解释高难度单词。 2）汉译英时中式语序。何谓中式语序，即以“主+谓+宾”为主的句型。这种句子写多了，一旦遇上长句或者语法功能上缺少成分的句子就懵了。所以必须多读，多了解原版英语的句子是如何写的。 3）汉译英时短句太多。这里并不是指写英语短句不好，在考试中建议写短句，这是为了避免语法错误，当然也不要太短了。在较为正式的或专业性强的文本中，汉译英在必要时需要翻译成长句。例如不久前的某论文中的一句：筛选出对靶基因干扰效率最高的 HER2-shRNA慢病毒表达载体并成功包装成病毒去感染SKOV-3细胞而后在体外进行实验的结果显示Her2/neu的siRNA慢病毒载体可以显著抑制靶基因的表达并使卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的生物学行为明显受抑。因此，熟练掌握各类从句的写法和作用很重要。 4）汉译英时英语词汇词义辨析不清而导致误用，用词不准。大部分人的翻译习惯是，凡是中文有英文的对应单词，就二话不说直接用，其实这个是不对的。很多同义词意思相近，用法和所用的语境场合完全不同。例如“base”“basis”“foundation”，意思几乎相同，但是用法完全不同。尤其是学术文章，误用就导致歧义。 5）汉译英时逻辑混乱结构不清。汉译英中的逻辑和语句结构相当重要。逻辑混乱，即译文毫无章法，思绪混沌，不知所云。结构不清，即英语的从句或其他成分在句中的位置胡乱摆放，进行翻译的人员自然是清楚的指导这些英语句子的含义，因为是看着中文翻译过来的，想不知道中文含义都难，但是没看过中文的读着就会因此而看得云里雾里，从而导致读者难以理解译文。
(完整版)2019英语六级翻译重点词汇
2019英语六级翻译重点词汇 一、经济类 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热overheated economy
transtips翻译技巧入门
1. 中英文定语位置的差别中：定语+主语英：主语+定语 2. 英译汉的主要步骤 断句+翻译+重读 3. 英中介词翻译成中文的什么词性方位adv.&v. 4. 中英文句式差异中：句子较短重点在后多用标点主语+废话+最重要成分 英：句子较长重点在前不重视标点主语+最重要成分+废话 {Ps 废话：定从，状从，补语，同位语} 5. 定从的几种译法 <8 个词 -- 定从+先行词“??的?” >8 个词 -- 先行词，that/which 具体指 代内容+定从内容 至于前置还是后置，根据8 词原则。 6. 循环套句用定语从句是什么怎么翻译 中心词+定从1+定从2+定从3+ ......... ①.定从1+定从2==定从3：1，2 和在一块翻译 ②.定从2+定从3==定从1：2，3 合在一起翻译 7. 需要断句的长句和不需要断句的长句怎么翻
大长句，有好多定语，很少标点： 断句+翻译+重读一堆小短句，从前往后简单易懂，很多短句：断句+找重点句和微弱逻辑关系+翻译+重读 第二课 8. 什么是定从的“并列套用” 和“循环套用”区别怎么翻 并列套用： 中心词+定从1+定从2+?and+定从n 循环套用： 中心词+定从1+定从2+?+定从n 区别： 并列套用：每个定从都修饰中心词且是并列关系用and 连接 循环套用：每个定从的先行词都在前一个定从里环环相扣 翻译： 并列套用： 后置译法关系词只翻译一次循环套用： ① .定从1+定从2==定从3：1，2 合在一
块翻译 ② .定从2+定从3==定从1：2，3 合在一起翻译 9. 中文里的本位词末位词怎么翻本位词:. 这这样这些末位词:被本位词替代的部分翻译:本位词取代末位词要不然中文句子就太长了 10. 英文中四种句子类型怎么翻 ①长句多标点专有名词生词多——按顺序翻 +注意查词准确+重读 ②长句少标点多从句插入语——断句+翻译 +重读 ③长句多标点 ——断句+分析句句微弱逻辑关系+重读 ④短句——再短变中文都要加标点+重读 11. 中英文事实和评论的关系怎么翻中：事实+ 评论英：评论+事实按中英文习惯翻 12. 中英文关联词使用原则/ 中：虽然??，但是?? 英：①虽然??，?? ②??，但是?? 13. 谓语动词的过度例如英到中：意思微弱的v 不用翻译出来中到英：补微弱v 词
英语自考本科翻译重点词汇
fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机
英语翻译的重点词汇词组
英语翻译重点词汇 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金 international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学environmental Law环保法